铣床液压进给机构的设计【含CAD图纸+PDF图】
收藏
资源目录
压缩包内文档预览：(预览前20页/共40页)
编号：118654617
类型：共享资源
大小：1.58MB
格式：ZIP
上传时间：2021-03-24
上传人：好资料QQ****51605
认证信息
个人认证
孙**（实名认证）
江苏
IP属地：江苏
45
积分
- 关 键 词：
-
铣床
液压
进给
机构
设计
CAD
图纸
PDF
- 资源描述：
-
喜欢这套资料就充值下载吧。。。资源目录里展示的都可在线预览哦。。。下载后都有，，请放心下载，，文件全都包含在内，，【有疑问咨询QQ:1064457796 或 1304139763】
- 内容简介：
-
江南大学太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：铣床液压进给机构的设计 机电 系 机械 专业学 号： 0923036 学生姓名： 黄巍 指导教师： 韩邦华 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2012年11月20号课题来源 无锡某企业生产实际科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）该课题主要是为了培养学生开发和创新机械产品的能力，要求学生能够结合常规普通铣床与零件加工工艺，针对实际使用过程中存在的金属加工机床的驱动及工件夹紧问题，综合所学的机械理论设计与方法、液压与气动传动等知识，对普通铣床驱动、夹紧装置进行改进设计，从而实现金属加工机床驱动与夹紧的半自动控制。在设计液压系统装置时，在满足产品工作要求的情况下，应尽可能多的采用标准件，提高其互换性要求，以减少产品的设计生产成本。研究内容通过实际调研和采集相应的设计数据，分析金属切削加工过程中的机床工作台驱动、工件夹紧等方面的相关数据，结合液压与气动传动的相关理论知识，完成液压传动方案分析及液压原理图的拟定，并进行主要液压元件的设计与选择及传动系统的验算校核等。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析通过实践与大量搜集、阅读相关资料相结合，在对金属切削加工、金属切削机床、机械设计与理论及液压与气动传动等相关知识充分掌握后，对普通铣床的驱动、夹紧装置进行数学建模，并通过模拟实验分析建立普通铣床的驱动、夹紧装置的实体模型，设计半自动铣床的驱动、夹紧装置，进行现场实验，来达到产品的最优化设计。研究计划及预期成果 现场调研、模拟、建模、实验、机器调试，达到产品的最优化设计，大大降低劳动强度和提高生产效率。特色或创新之处 适用于企业半自动铣床的驱动、夹紧装置的优化设计，可降低工人的劳动强度、减少机械加工工艺时间和降低机械零件的生产成本。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 针对实际使用过程中存在的金属加工机床的驱动及工件夹紧问题，综合所学的机械理论设计与方法与液压与气动传动等方面的知识，如何实现对半自动铣床的驱动、夹紧装置的优化设计，进而提高学生开发和创新机械产品的能力。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日Hydraulic System Hydraulic presser drive and air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascals principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Braman Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the worlds first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved. After the World War I (1914-1918) ,because of the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century G Constantimscofluct- uations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic trans- mission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development. The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japans hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, Hydraulic Industry. Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japans fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader. Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general industrial use of plastics processing machinery, the pressure of machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel indu-stry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control and dam gate devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship from the deck heavy machinery (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valve, stern thruster, etc.; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military industrial control devices used in artillery, ship antirolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices. A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, auxiliary components and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic pressure control valve can be divided into valves, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. The concept of gear pump is very simple, that it is two of the most basic form of the same size gear in a close cooperation of mutual engagement with the rotating shell, the shells internal similar 8 shape, the two gears mounted inside , the diameter of gear and work closely with both sides and shell. From the extruder the material inhaled into the mouth of two intermediate gears, and full of the space, with the teeth along the shell of the rotary movement, the final two hours from the meshing teeth. Speaking in terms of gear, also known as positive displacement pump device, that is, inside the cylinder like a piston, when a tooth to another tooth space of the fluid, the liquid was squeezed mechanically to row out. Because the liquid is incompressible, so the liquid and the tooth at the same time will not be able to occupy the same space, so that the liquid has been ruled out. Because of the constant mesh gear, this phenomenon occurs on a row and, therefore, the pump provides a continuous export to exclude the amount of a turn each pump, the volume of discharge is the same. With the continuous rotation of the driveshaft, pump fluid is continuously discharged. Pump flow directly to the speed of the pump. In fact, there is little pump of the fluid loss, which makes the operation of pumps can not achieve 100% efficiency, as these fluids are used to on both sides of bearing and gear lubrication, and the pump body is also not possible with no gap, it can not be so that 100% of fluid discharged from the export, so a small amount of fluid loss is inevitable. However, a good pump can be run out of material for the majority, will still be able to achieve 93% 98% efficiency. For the viscosity or density change in the process fluid, the pump will not be affected too much. If there is a damper, for example, in the export side, one row or a limiter filter, pumps will push fluid through them. If the damper changes in their work, that is, if the filters become dirty, blocked, or limiter on the back of the hypertension, the pump will maintain a constant flow, until the device in the weakest parts of the mechanical limit (usually equipped with a torque limiter). For a pump speed, in fact, there are restrictions, which mainly depends on the process fluid, if the transmission is oil, pump can rotate at high speed, but when the fluid is a high viscosity of the polymer melt, such restrictions will be significantly reduced. Promote blood flow into the intake side of the two tooth space is very important, if not fill in this space is full, the pump will not be able to discharge the flow of accurate, so the value of PV (pressure velocity) is also a limiting factor, and is a process variable. As a result of these restrictions, gear pump manufacturers will provide a range of products, that is, different specifications and emission (perweek to the emission of volume). These pumps will fit the specific application of technology to enable the system to achieve optimal capacity and price. PEP-II pump shaft gear and a total of one species hardened using technology, will be a longer working life. D-type bearing a combination of forced lubrication mechanism, so that the polymer surface by the bearing, and return to the import side of pump to ensure effective lubrication of the rotation axis. This feature reduces the degradation of polymers and the possibility of being stranded. Precision machining of the pump body can D-type gear shaft with precision bearings to ensure noneccentric gear shaft to prevent gear wear. Structure and Parkool PTFE sealing lip sealed water cooled sealed together. This shaft seal does not actually contact the surface, it is the principle of the sealing polymer to a semimolten state cooling and the formation of self sealing. Can also be used Rheoseal sealing, seal it inside the table are reverse spiral groove processing, the polymer can be imported back to the antipressure. In order to facilitate the installation, the manufacturer has designed the installation of a ring bolt, so that the flange and install other equipment line, which makes the manufacture of tube flange easier. PEP-II with a gear pump with the pump to match the specifications of the heating elements for the user matching, which ensures rapid heating and heat control. Heating the body and pump in different ways, the damage to these components is limited to a board, the pump has nothing to do with the whole. Gear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality. The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion. Hydraulic principle it consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called hydraulic press; the said oilfilled hydraulic machine. Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascals law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI, Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components; hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction; operative or hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice. In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equipment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow. Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened and closed. For the Gear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality. The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion. Hydraulic principle it consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called hydraulic press; the said oilfilled hydraulic machine. Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascals law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI, Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components; hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction; operative or hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice. In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equipment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow. Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened and closed. For the and hence the price. 4, due to the leakage of liquid medium and the compressibility and can not be strictly the transmission ratio. 5, hydraulic transmission is not easy to find out the reasons for failure; the use and maintenance requirements for a higher level of technology. In the hydraulic system and its system, the sealing device to prevent leakage of the work of media within and outside the dust and the intrusion of foreign bodies. Seals played the role of components, namely seals. Medium will result in leakage of waste, pollution and environmental machinery and even give rise to malfunctioning machinery and equipment for personal accident. Leakage within the hydraulic system will cause a sharp drop in volumetric efficiency, amounting to less than the required pressure, can not even work. Microinvasive system of dust particles, can cause or exacerbate friction hydraulic component wear, and further lead to leakage. Therefore, seals and sealing device is an important hydraulic equipment components. The reliability of its work and life, is a measure of the hydraulic system an important indicator of good or bad. In addition to the closed space, are the use of seals, so that two adjacent coupling surface of the gap between the need to control the liquid can be sealed following the smallest gap. In the contact seal, pressed into self-seal-style and self-styled self-tight seal (ie, sealed lips) two. The three hydraulic system diseases 1, as a result of heat transmission medium (hydraulic oil) in the flow velocity in various parts of the existence of different, resulting in the existence of a liquid within the internal friction of liquids and pipelines at the same time there is friction between the inner wall, which are a result of hydraulic the reasons for the oil temperature. Temperature will lead to increased internal and external leakage, reducing its mechanical efficiency. At the same time as a result of high temperature, hydraulic oil expansion will occur, resulting in increased compression, so that action can not be very good control of transmission. Solution: heat is the inherent characte -ristics of the hydraulic system, not only to minimize eradication. Use a good quality hydraulic oil, hydraulic piping arrangement should be avoided as far as possible the emergence of bend, the use of high-quality pipe and fittings, hydraulic valves, etc. 2, the vibration of the vibration of the hydraulic system is also one of its malaise. As a result of hydraulic oil in the pipeline flow of high-speed impact and the control valve to open the closure of the impact of the process are the reasons for the vibration system. Strong vibration control action will cause the system to error, the system will also be some of the more sophisticated equipment error, resulting in system failures. Solutions: hydraulic pipe should be fixed to avoid sharp bends. To avoid frequent changes in flow direction, can not avoid damping measures should be doing a good job. The entire hydraulic system should have a good damping measures, while avoiding the external local oscillator on the system. 3, the leakage of the hydraulic system leak into inside and outside the leakage leakage. Leakage refers to the process with the leak occurred in the system, such as hydraulic piston-cylinder on both sides of the leakage, the control valve spool and valve body, such as between the leakage. Although no internal leakage of hydraulic fluid loss, but due to leakage, the control of the established movements may be affected until the cause system failures. Outside means the occurrence of leakage in the system and the leakage between the external environment. Direct leakage of hydraulic oil into the environment, in addition to the system will affect the working environment, not enough pressure will cause the system to trigger a fault. Leakage into the environment of the hydraulic oil was also the danger of fire. Solution: the use of better quality seals to improve the machining accuracy of equipment. Hydraulic components will be high-performance, high-quality, high reliability, the system sets the direction of development; to the low power, low noise, vibration, without leakage, as well as pollution control, water based media applications to adapt to environmental requirements, such as the direction of development; the development of highly integrated high power density, intelligence, mechatronics and micro-light mini-hydraulic components; active use of new techniques, new materials and electronics, sensing and other high-tech. Hydraulic coupling to high-speed high-power and integrated development of hydraulic transmission equipment, development of water hydraulic coupling medium speed and the field of automotive applications to develop hydraulic reducer, improve product reliability and working hours MTBF; hydraulic torque converter to the development of high-power products, parts and components to improve the manufacturing process technology to improve reliability, promote computeraided technology, the development of hydraulic torque converter and power shift transmission technology supporting the use of ; Clutch fluid viscosity should increase the quality of products, the formation of bulk to the high-power and high-speed direction. Pneumatic Industry:Products to small size, light weight, low power consumption, integrated portfolio of development, the implementation of the various types of components, compact structure, high positioning accuracy of the direction of development; pneumatic components and electronic technology, to the intelligent direction of development; component performance to high-speed, high-frequency, high-response, high-life, high temperature, high voltage direction, commonly used oil-free lubrication, application of new technology, new technology and new materials.(1) used high-pressure hydraulic components and the pressure of continuous work to reach 40Mpa, the maximum pressure to achieve instant 48Mpa; (2) diversification of regulation and control; (3) to further improve the regulation performance, increase the efficiency of the powertrain; (4) development and mechanical, hydraulic, power transmission of the composite portfolio adjustment gear; (5) development of energy saving, energy efficient system function; (6) to further reduce the noise; (7) application of hydraulic cartridge valves thread technology, compact structure, to reduce the oil spill. 液压系统液压系统 液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起来的一门新兴技术1795年英国约瑟夫布拉曼(Joseph Braman,1749-1814)在伦敦用水作为工作介质以水压机的形式将其应用于工业上诞生了世界上第一台水压机。1905年将工作介质水改为油又进一步得到改善。 第一次世界大战(1914-1918)后液压传动广泛应用特别是1920年以后发展更为迅速。液压元件大约在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的20年间才开始进入正规的工业生产阶段。1925 年维克斯(F.Vikers)发明了压力平衡式叶片泵,为近代液压元件工业或液压传动的逐步建立奠定了基础。20 世纪初康斯坦丁尼斯克(GConstantimsco)对能量波动传递所进行的理论及实际研究;1910年对液力传动(液力联轴节、液力变矩器等)方面的贡献使这两方面领域得到了发展。 第二次世界大战(1941-1945)期间,在美国机床中有30%应用了液压传动。应该指出,日本液压传动的发展较欧美等国家晚了近 20 多年。在 1955 年前后 , 日本迅速发展液压传动,1956 年成立了“液压工业会”。近2030 年间日本液压传动发展之快居世界领先地位。 液压传动有许多突出的优点因此它的应用非常广泛如一般工业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等等船舶用的甲板起重机械绞车、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等。 一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件和液压油。 动力元件的作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能指液压系统中的油泵它向整个液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有齿轮泵、叶片泵和柱塞泵。 执行元件(如液压缸和液压马达)的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能驱动负载作直线往复运动或回转运动。 控制元件(即各种液压阀)在液压系统中控制和调节液体的压力、流量和方向。根据控制功能的不同液压阀可分为压力控制阀、流量控制阀和方向控制阀。压力控制阀又分为益流阀(安全阀)、减压阀、顺序阀、压力继电器等流量控制阀包括节流阀、调整阀、分流集流阀等方向控制阀包括单向阀、液控单向阀、梭阀、换向阀等。根据控制方式不同液压阀可分为开关式控制阀、定值控制阀和比例控制阀。 辅助元件包括油箱、滤油器、油管及管接头、密封圈、压力表、油位油温计等。 液压油是液压系统中传递能量的工作介质有各种矿物油、乳化液和合成型液压油等几大类。 齿轮泵的概念是很简单的即它的最基本形式就是两个尺寸相同的齿轮在一个紧密配合的壳体内相互啮合旋转这个壳体的内部类似“8”字形两个齿轮装在里面齿轮的外径及两侧与壳体紧密配合。来自于挤出机的物料在吸入口进入两个齿轮中间并充满这一空间随着齿的旋转沿壳体运动最后在两齿啮合时排出。 在术语上讲齿轮泵也叫正排量装置即像一个缸筒内的活塞当一个齿进入另一个齿的流体空间时液体就被机械性地挤排出来。因为液体是不可压缩的所以液体和齿就不能在同一时间占据同一空间这样液体就被排除了。由于齿的不断啮合这一现象就连续在发生因而也就在泵的出口提供了一个连续排除量泵每转一转排出的量是一样的。随着驱动轴的不间断地旋转泵也就不间断地排出流体。泵的流量直接与泵的转速有关。 实际上在泵内有很少量的流体损失这使泵的运行效率不能达到100因为这些流体被用来润滑轴承及齿轮两侧而泵体也绝不可能无间隙配合故不能使流体100地从出口排出所以少量的流体损失是必然的。然而泵还是可以良好地运行对大多数挤出物料来说仍可以达到9398的效率。 对于粘度或密度在工艺中有变化的流体这种泵不会受到太多影响。如果有一个阻尼器比如在排出口侧放一个滤网或一个限制器泵则会推动流体通过它们。如果这个阻尼器在工作中变化亦即如果滤网变脏、堵塞了或限制器的背压升高了则泵仍将保持恒定的流量直至达到装置中最弱的部件的机械极限(通常装有一个扭矩限制器)。对于一台泵的转速实际上是有限制的这主要取决于工艺流体如果传送的是油类泵则能以很高的速度转动但当流体是一种高粘度的聚合物熔体时这种限制就会大幅度降低。 推动高粘流体进入吸入口一侧的两齿空间是非常重要的如果这一空间没有填充满则泵就不能排出准确的流量所以PV值(压力流速)也是另外一个限制因素而且是一个工艺变量。由于这些限制齿轮泵制造商将提供一系列产品即不同的规格及排量(每转一周所排出的量)。这些泵将与具体的应用工艺相配合以使系统能力及价格达到最优。 PEPII泵的齿轮与轴共为一体采用
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
川公网安备: 51019002004831号