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中国地质大学长城学院毕业设计任务书学生姓名张林学号05208340专业班级机制0803班指导教师于华丽职称讲师单 位河北农业大学毕业设计（论文）题目电动绞车刹车装置的设计毕业设计（论文）主要内容和要求： 1、 电动绞车刹车装置各个部分的详细数据2、 利用AutoCAD或者其他绘图软件进行电动绞车刹车装置的装配图以及零件图的绘制3、 设计说明书一份主要参考资料：1 冯刚, 李剑中, 谭佳. 面向海洋环境的绞车传动控制系统J. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2001,(06) 2 康宏建, 张弥宪. 处理绞车液压系统故障的一点体会J. 煤矿机械, 2004,(07) 3 高玉龙, 朱秀珍, 张兴周. 基于ARM的家庭智能化系统设计与实现J. 应用科技, 2003,(09) 4 于永水, 张瑞英, 李福海, 齐明侠. SJD11型双速绞车换档机构的研制与实现J. 山东机械, 1995,(03) 5 鲁卫红. 一种辐射源距离的估算方法J. 现代雷达, 2002,(02) 6 邱功御, 冯长悌. 船用电动连接绞车的技术进步J. 中国水运, 1997,(06) 7 张斌, 鲁守银, 厉秉强. 电力设备非量化状态信息移动采集与管理系统J. 仪器仪表学报, 2003,(S2) 8 陈建长, 雷江河, 陈瑞, 万箭波. 一种新型绞车负载试验装置J. 工程机械, 2005,(05) 9 杜军, 李学仁. 基于ARM的便携式航空发动机数据处理系统J. 计算机测量与控制, 2004,(05) 10 黎建良. 多田野汽车起重机绞车马达的国产化J. 工程机械与维修, 1999,(10) 11成大先.机械设计手册M.北京：化学工业出版社，2004.毕业设计应完成的主要工作： 阅读中英文文献资料，熟练掌握CAD制图软件，绘制电动绞车刹车装置的各零件图及装配图，完成设计说明书。毕业设计进度安排：序号毕业设计（论文）各阶段内容时间安排备注1资料的查阅、收集、整理，并撰写文献综述、开题报告、外文资料翻译12月5日1月20日确定基本设计方案2设计参数的计算1月21日2月10日3绘制零件图及装配图2月11日3月15日4撰写设计说明书，整理相关表格资料3月16日4月20日5准备答辩课题信息：课题性质： 设计 论文 课题来源： 教学 科研 生产 其它发出任务书日期： 2011.12.6 指导教师签名： 2011年 12 月 6日教研室意见：教研室主任签名：年 月 日 学生签名：中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业论文外文资料翻译系 别： 工程技术系 专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓 名： 张林 学 号： 05208340 2012 年 3 月 1 日外文资料翻译译文卷扬机（又叫绞车）是由人力或机械动力驱动卷筒、卷绕绳索来完成牵引工作的装置。可以垂直提升、水平或倾斜拽引重物。卷扬机分为手动卷扬机和电动卷扬机两种。现在以电动卷扬机为主。电动卷扬机由电动机、联轴节、制动器、齿轮箱和卷筒组成，共同安装在机架上。对于起升高度和装卸量大工作频繁的情况，调速性能好，能令空钩快速下降。对安装就位或敏感的物料，能用较小速度。常见的卷扬机吨位有：0.3T卷扬机 0.5T卷扬机 1T卷扬机 1.5T卷扬机 2T卷扬机 3T卷扬机 5T卷扬机 6T卷扬机 8T卷扬机 10T卷扬机 15T卷扬机 20T卷扬机 25T卷扬机 30T卷扬机。卷扬机可分为国标卷扬机、非标卷扬机。国标卷扬机指符合国家标准的卷扬机，非标卷扬机是指厂家自己定义标准的卷扬机）通常只有具有生产证的厂商才可以生产国标卷扬机，价格也比非标卷扬机贵一些。 特殊型号的卷扬机有：变频卷扬机 、 双筒卷扬机 、手刹杠杆式双制动卷扬机、带限位器卷扬机、电控防爆卷扬机、电控手刹离合卷扬机、大型双筒双制动卷扬机、大型外齿轮卷扬机、大型液压式卷扬机、大型外齿轮带排绳器卷扬机、双曳引轮卷扬机、 大型液压双筒双制动卷扬机、变频带限位器绳槽卷扬机。1、JK0.5-JK5单卷筒快速卷扬机 2、JK0.5-JK12.5单卷筒慢速卷扬机 3、JKL1.6-JKL5溜放型快速卷扬机 4、JML5、JML6、JML10溜放型打桩用卷扬机 5、2JK2-2JML10双卷筒卷扬机 6、JT800、JT700型防爆提升卷扬机 7、JK0.3-JK15 电控卷扬机 8、非标卷扬机。其中Jk表示快速卷扬机，jm表示慢速卷扬机，jt表示防爆卷扬机，单卷筒表示一个卷筒容纳钢丝绳，双卷筒表示两个卷筒容纳钢丝绳。卷扬机使用时的注意事项： 1、卷筒上的钢丝绳应排列整齐，如发现重叠和斜绕时，应停机重新排列。严禁在转动中用手、脚拉踩钢丝绳。钢丝绳不许完全放出，最少应保留三圈。 2、钢丝绳不许打结、扭绕，在一个节距内断线超过10%时，应予更换。 3、作业中，任何人不得跨越钢丝绳，物体（物件）提升后，操作人员不得离开卷扬机。休息时物件或吊笼应降至地面。 4、作业中，司机、信号员要同吊起物保持良好的可见度，司机与信号员应密切配合，服从信号统一指挥。 5、作业中如遇停电情况，应切断电源，将提升物降至地面。 6、工作中要听从指挥人员的信号，信号不明或可能引起事故 时应暂停操作，待弄清情况后方可继续作业。 7、作业中突然停电，应立即拉开闸刀，将运送物放下。8、作业完毕、应将料盘落地、关锁电箱。 9 钢丝绳在使用过程中与机械的磨损.自燃的腐蚀局部损害难免，应间隔时间段涂刷保护油。 10严禁超载使用。即超过最大承载吨数。 11使用过程中要注意不要出现打结.压扁.电弧打伤.化学介质的侵蚀。 12不得直接吊装高温物体，对于有棱角的物体要加护板。13使用过程中应经常检查所使用的钢丝绳，达到报废标准应立即报废。卷扬机钢丝绳的报废标准： 1 直径减小直径磨损超过百分之四十应报废，不超百分之四十应降低系数使用。2 表面腐蚀；当整根钢丝绳表面腐蚀达到肉眼显而易见时，钢丝绳就不能使用。3 结构破坏；钢丝绳整股破断应报废，有断丝的钢丝绳应降低系数使用。4 超载；超载使用的钢丝绳不得使用。国家交通基础设施、城市建设的规模越来越大，建筑工程中使用的卷扬机规模、功率随之越来越大，牵引速度也越来越快，相应地卷扬机的关键传动件卷筒开式齿轮副结构的尺寸越做越大，在大功率、高速度运转情况下卷扬机的噪声也越来越高，然而这是国家标准所不允许的。建筑卷扬机国家标准GB19552002规定合格的卷扬机噪声限值为机外不得大于85dB(A)、操作者耳边不得大于88dB(A)。当卷扬机牵引力较小、速度较低时其噪声都远低于标准限值，控制也容易；但当牵引速度较高、牵引力较大时要确保噪声不超标，需从设计、工艺、材料、质检等各个环节采取有效措施。 卷扬机噪声来源有多种途径，但本质上是撞击和振动的结果，一般是由于齿轮啮合质量差、运动不平稳在运动中产生了瞬时加速度而造成的。 我公司一台80kN快速可溜放液力控制卷扬机，钢丝绳牵引速度为30m/min、电机功率55kW，机器噪声一般在标准范围以内，但偶而出现噪声超标现象，少数机器不能通过出厂检验。在排除噪声时感到无从下手，因机器制造所依据的图样、工艺流程相同，既然绝大多数产品合格，就应排除设计和工艺不合理因素。噪声来源分析及控制主要是我们认为底盘的设计制造存在造成噪声的可能：1底盘采用箱形结构，不是所有焊缝都进行连续焊接，各个底盘焊缝的长短、高低位置不同，底盘刚性存在较大个体差异，有的则产生共鸣效应，机器如有一点震动噪声就被放大；2底盘由钢板焊成，不具备吸震消声功能，如果其固有频率与齿轮啮合频率接近就可能造成个别机器因齿轮弱小震动引发较大共震，引起噪声值上升。 我们针对上述可能性分别进行试验，但通过三次实验发现噪声高低与底盘结构、刚度、频率等因素呈弱相关，噪声大小与运动件强相关，因此底盘设计构造、制造质量并不是噪声超标的原因。 轴承间隙有人认为，既然噪声是伴随卷筒总成和传动件，那么就可能由于卷筒滑动轴承间隙大而引起。我们对卷筒零件配合间隙进行选择，保证轴承孔与主轴间隙符合图纸要求，装配后进行试验。试验时采用变频电机调速，观察速度对噪声的影响。? 大量试验结果表明，速度对噪声影响是第一位的，卷筒转速越高则噪声值越大、机器震动越激烈；间隙在其次，主轴与轴套间隙越大则噪声也越大；而底盘对噪声影响最小。如果机器本来噪声就很低，则速度高低、主轴间隙大小的变化都不会产生过大噪声，由此表明噪声超标也不是由轴承间隙大而引起的。卷扬机的分类及其不同特性卷扬机包括建筑卷扬机,同轴卷扬机 主要产品有：JM电控慢速大吨位卷扬机、JM电控慢速卷扬机、JK电控高速卷扬机、 JKL手控快速溜放卷扬机、2JKL手控双快溜放卷扬机、电控手控两用卷扬机、JT调速卷扬机、KDJ微型卷扬机等，仅能在地上使用，可以通过修改用于船上。它以电动机为动力，经弹性联轴节，三级封闭式齿轮减速箱，牙嵌式联轴节驱动。卷扬机的卷筒，采用电磁制动。该产品通用性高、结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、起重大、使用转移方便，被广泛应用于建筑、水利工程、林业、矿山、码头等的物料升降或平拖，还可作现代化电控自动作业线的配套设备。Jm系列为齿轮减速机传动卷扬机。主要用于卷扬、拉卸、推、拖重物。如各种大中型砼、钢结构及机械设备的安装和拆卸。适用于建筑安装公司、矿区、工厂的土木建筑及安装工程。由人力或机械动力驱动卷筒、卷绕绳索来完成牵引工作的装置。叫同轴卷扬机：（又叫微型卷扬机）电机与钢丝绳在同一传动轴上，轻便小巧，节省空间 （其吨位包括（200公斤、250公斤、300公斤、500公斤、750公斤、1000公斤等）卷扬机还分为慢速卷扬机：卷筒上的钢丝绳额定速度约712m/min的卷扬机。快速卷扬机：卷筒上的钢丝绳额定速度约30m/min的卷扬机。 电动卷扬机：由电动机作为动力，通过驱动装置使卷筒回转的卷扬机。调速卷扬机：速度控制可以调节的卷扬机手摇卷扬机：以人力作为动力，通过驱动装置使卷筒回转的卷扬机。大吨位非标卷扬机：主要用于卷扬、拉卸、推、拖重物。如各种大中型砼、钢结构及机械设备的安装和卷扬机的拆卸。其结构特点是钢丝绳排列有序、有吊安装可靠、适用于码头、桥梁、港口等路桥工程及大型厂矿安装设备.就是一种利用外力（例如电动机）驱动他运转，然后通过电磁制动器和抱死制动器控制其在无动力下不自由运转，同时经过电动机的带动减速后，驱动一个轮盘运转，轮盘上可以卷钢索或者其他东西。 通常提升高于30吨的卷扬机为大吨位卷扬机，生产大吨位的卷扬机技术在中国只有少数，目前最大吨位是65吨。主要细分为JK（快速），JM、JMW（慢速），JT（调速），JKL、2JKL手控快速等系列卷扬机，广泛应用于工矿、冶金、起重、建筑、化工、路桥、水电安装等起重行业。 外文原文Winch ( also called winch ) is produced by human or mechanical power drive reel, winding rope traction device to complete the work. Can be vertical, horizontal or inclined dragging heavy. Winch manual winch electric winch and divided into two. Now mainly to electric hoist. Electric hoist is composed of a motor, coupling, brake, gear box and the reel is mounted on the frame component, common. For lifting height and handling a large amount of work situation frequently, good speed performance, can make the empty hook rapid decline. The installation or sensitive material, with a small speed. Common winch windlass windlass tonnage are: 0.3T 0.5T 1T 1.5T 2T 3T hoist hoist hoist hoist hoist hoist hoist 5T 6T 8T 10T 15T 20T 25T hoist hoist hoist hoist hoist 30T.Winch can be divided into GB, non-standard windlass windlass. To meet the national standard GB windlass windlass, winch is a non-standard manufacturers define their own standard winch ) usually only with the production of card manufacturers can produce GB winch, the price more expensive non-standard winch. Special types of Winch: frequency conversion winch, double drum hoist, handbrake lever type double brake winch, windlass, with restrictor electric explosion-proof winch, electric parking brake clutch windlass, large binocular double brake winch, large outer gear winch, hydraulic winch, the large external gear belt rope guider winch, a traction wheel winch, hydraulic double cylinder double brake winch, frequency band limiter for hoist rope groove. In 1, JK0.5-JK5 single drum fast hoist 2, JK0.5-JK12.5 single drum winch 3, JKL1.6-JKL5 humping slow type fast hoist 4, JML5, JML6, JML10 rolling type pile hoist 5, 2JK2-2JML10 double drum winch 6, JT800, JT700 explosion-proof electric hoist hoisting machine 7, JK0.3-JK15 8, non-standard winch. Wherein Jk represents fast hoist, JM said slow winch, said JT explosion-proof hoist, single drum represents a spool receiving wire rope, double drum two reels accommodate wire rope.Hoist the matters needing attention in using:In 1, the reel of wire rope should be arranged regularly, such as found in overlapping and helical winding, should be down to rearrange. Is strictly prohibited in the rotation of the hand, foot pull on the rope. Wire rope not fully released, at least should be reserved for three laps. In 2, steel wire rope to tie, twisted, in a pitch period more than 10% should be replaced when broken. In 3, during the operation, no person shall span wire rope, objects (objects ) after upgrading, operating personnel shall not be allowed to leave the windlass. When resting, objects or cage should be lowered to the ground. In 4, during the operation, the driver, the signalman to lift objects with good visibility, the driver and the signaller should cooperate closely, obey the unified command signal. In 5, operation in case of power failure, the power should be cut off, will enhance the material falls to the ground. In 6, to obey the command staff of the signal, the signal is unknown or is likely to cause accidents should be suspended operation, to clarify the situation before it can continue to work. In 7, working in a sudden power failure, should immediately open the knife, will carry object down. In 8, the operation is completed, should be the tray landing, closing lock box. The 9 wire rope in use process and mechanical wear. Spontaneous corrosion localized damage is unavoidable, should the interval time of coating protective oil. 10 never overload. That is more than the maximum bearing capacity. 11 the use of the process should pay attention to not be knotted. Compressed. Arc wounded chemical medium erosion. 12 may not be directly hoisting high temperature object, for there are edges and corners of objects to be protective plate. The 13 use of the process should always check the use of wire rope, achieve discard as useless standard should be immediately discarded.Hoist steel wire rope scrapping standard:The 1 diameter is reduced in diameter to wear more than forty percent should be scrapped, not exceeding forty percent should reduce coefficient using. The 2 surface corrosion; when the wire rope surface corrosion to the naked eye obviously, wire rope can not use. 3 structural damage of steel wire rope broken; whole shares should be scrapped, broken wire rope should reduce coefficient using. The 4 overload overload; the use of wire rope should not be used.National infrastructure of transportation of city construction, more and more large scale, used in the construction of hoist scale, power will be more and more, the traction speed more and more quickly, corresponding ground winch key transmission drum open gear pair structure dimensions does bigger more, large power, high speed operating condition of windlass noise is also more and more high, however this is not allowed by national standards. Building hoist the national standard GB1955 2002 provides qualified winch noise limits for machine shall be not more than 85dB ( A ), the operator shall not be greater than 88dB ( A ) ear. When the winch less traction, the low speed of the noise are far lower than the standard limit, control is easy; but when the traction speed is higher, the traction force is greater when the noise does not exceed the standard to ensure that, from the design, process, materials, quality and other aspects to take effective measures.Winch noise sources in a variety of ways, but is essentially the result of impact and vibration, is generally the result of gear meshing quality is poor, unstable movement in the movement produced a transient acceleration caused by. My company a 80kN fast running hydraulic control hoist, steel wire rope traction speed is 30m / min, 55kW motor, machine noise is generally within the standard range, but occasionally exceed the standard noise phenomenon, a machine cannot pass the inspection. In the removal of noise are not start, because of the machine manufacturing is based on the same pattern, process, since the vast majority of products qualified, should eliminate unreasonable factors in design and technology. Noise source analysis and control is mainly we think chassis design and manufacturing resulting from the presence of noise may be: 1 chassis with box structure, not all welds are continuous welding, the weld length, height of the chassis, chassis rigidity large individual differences, some resonance effect, the machine such as a vibration noise amplification; 2 chassis by a plate welding, do not have the shock-absorbing silencing function, if its natural frequency and gear meshing frequency proximity may be caused by individual machines for gear weak vibration caused larger total shock, caused by noise value to rise. We are aiming at the possibility of tested separately, but by three experiments found that noise level and the chassis structure, stiffness, frequency and other factors were weakly correlated, the size of the noise and movement of pieces of strong correlation, so the chassis design structure, manufacturing quality and noise not exceed the standard of reason.Bearing clearance has argued that, since the noise is accompanied by a drum assembly and transmission parts, it may be due to the reel sliding bearing caused by. We on the reel parts clearance selection, ensure the bearing hole and spindle clearance in conformity with the requirements of drawings, assembly test. Test of using frequency control of motor speed speed, observation to the effect of noise. Experimental results show that speed?, to the influence of noise is the first reel speed, higher noise value is increasingly big, machine vibration and more intense; gap in the second, main shaft and sleeve gap bigger noise is greater; and the chassis of the lowest noise. If the machine was very low noise level, then the velocity, spindle gap size changes will not have too much noise, so that the noise is also not exceed the standard bearing clearance caused by large.The classification and different characteristics of hoist winch includes a construction winch windlass, coaxial main products are: JM control slow large tonnage winch, electric winch, JK JM slow controlled high-speed hoister, JKL hand controlled fast sliding hoist, 2JKL manual double soon winch, electric control manual control rolling winch winch speed, JT, KDJ miniature hoist, only in the land use, can be modified for ships. It takes the motor as power, the elastic coupling, three closed type gear box, a tooth embedded coupling drive. Winch drum, using electromagnetic brake. The product of high versatility, compact structure, small volume, light weight, great, use convenient transfer, is widely used in construction, water conservancy engineering, forestry, mining, terminals and other material lifting or flat mop, also can make the modern automatic production line equipment. Jm series for the gear reducer drive hoist. Mainly used for lifting, pushing, pulling unloading, hauling loads. Such as a variety of large and medium-sized concrete, steel structure and mechanical equipment installation and removal. Applicable to the installation of the company building, mining, civil construction and installation engineering factory. By human or mechanical power drive reel, winding rope traction device to complete the work. Name: ( also called the miniature coaxial windlass windlass ) motor and the steel wire rope on the same drive shaft, lightweight and compact, space saving ( the tonnage includes ( 200 kg, 250 kg, 300 kg, 500 kg, 750 kg, 1000 kg. ) is divided into