轧机传动系统及压下装置设计-压下机构设计【含6张CAD图纸+PDF图】
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毕业设计中英文翻译学生姓名： 学号： 学 院： 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师： 年 月Sensible MachineryONLY 15 years ago it seemed that further advances in automation equipment would simply comprise the design, and digital control, of more and more accurate and reliable machinery which could be coupled into large systems to carry out the required manufacturing operations on parts whose material properties, tolerances, and handling accuracy could all be made increasingly perfect. It was left largely to research in the field of cognitive science and robotics to study what effects the interconnection of perception, decision making and manipulation might have in the evolution of a different breed of machine which, by observing its own action, could judge how best to complete its task. Evidently, senseless machinery required an almost perfect world in which to operate properly. The question was whether it would be economic to make all aspects of batch production in industry sufficiently perfect. Robot researchers felt certain that the sensor driven machines they were evolving would be required for hostile environments, such as for winning primary energy resources. They hoped, but could not be certain, that their cost would be increasingly justified in normal industrial manufacture.It is now clear that the use of sensors to control machines continuously, or alternatively to verify their operation, can be highly cost effective, at least in particular areas of batch manufacture, and will be the basis of an important future industry. Examples of such areas are: sensing systems to monitor tool condition in metal removal machines; force and torque sensing for robot assembly systems, automatic inspection machines using visual techniques for 100% checking of panels and castings between other operations; and tracking sensors for arc welding and seam sealing by robot. To deal economically with diffe rent applications like these the sensor systems have so far been rather specialised, both as to the transducer hardware and the associated software. There are now, however, encouraging signs of commonality emerging between different sensor application areas. For example, .many commercial vision systems and some emerging tactile systems are able to use more or less standardised techniques for image processing and shape representation; and structured-light triangulation systems can be applied with relatively minor hardware and software changes to measure 3-D profiles of objects as diverse as individual soldered joints, body pressings, and weldments. Sensors make it possible for machines to recover intelligently from errors, and standard software procedures such as expert systems can now be applied to facilitate this. An open question still is how the supply side of the market for sensor systems in advanced manufacture will actually develop. So far there has been somewhat of a dichotomy between the companies manufacturing automatic inspection equipment, designed to be linked into CIM systems but not required for continuous control of any machine within the system, and the companies producing NC and other robot equipment incorporating continuous control by sensors. The former market and manufacturers within it have become reasonably well established and can confidently look to a growth of 40% or more per annum. The market for sensor controlled machinery is only now beginning to establish itself, although growth prospects look equally encouraging. There are two obvious obstacles facing a company such as our own in becoming established in this market. The first is that, so far, sensors and intelligence for robot systems have been seen as a very cost effective accessory to a basic manipulator arm, but not an essential part of the system. This means that the purchaser expects the sensor system to be a relatively small fraction of the total cost. To secu re a large enough sales volume, the sensor manufacturer must aim to make his equipment compatible with the largest possible number of existing manipulator systems. This leads immediately to the second obstacle, namely the great diversity in computing capability and external interfaces presented by robot and NC controllers from different world manufacturers. The importance of moving towards standardisation of the interface between sensor and machine controller is paramount if the utilisation of sensor control is to be accelerated. Initiatives such as the proposed DIN standard to cover continuous The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology two-way exchange of information between sensor and controller are crucial to development of the industry. The interface specification must not only cover high-speed exchange of absolute position data and spatial correction information, but also the handling of 3-D geometric-model information required for advanced model-driven pattern recognition procedures within the sensor. In future this emerging industry may polarise in at least two different ways. One would be to become focussed around existing manufacture of controllers, as with Automatix and GE, although so far this has not been a very strong trend. Another possibility is that the market will instead become focussed around specialist manufacturers of transducers and software, whose aim will be to sell to the manufacturing engineer the best possible integrated system to solve a particular manufacturing task. In these, the actual choice of manipulator will be of secondary importance compared to the unique capabilities provided by proprietary sensing and computer intelligence. It is too early to be certain which approach will dominate. What is certain, is that sensible machinery is here to stay and it is encouraging to see a good flow of contributions to the AMT Journal describing advances in the relevant sensor and software technologies. P. G. Davey, Meta Machines Ltd, England明智的机械15年前，在自动化设备的设计中看起来更先进的是，通过简单的组成和数字控制，愈来愈多的精度高的可靠的机械耦合到了大系统中去执行，这样可以使所要求生产的操作部件的材料特性、公差和处理精度越来越完善。它主要研究在剩下的认知科学技术研究的互连产生什么影响感知、决策和处理可能正在进化，不同种类的机器,通过观察自己的行为，可以判断如何最好地完成任务。显然，需要一个几乎完美的世界的机械设备的正常工作。问题是他是否会成为经济使各方面的批量生产的工业充分完善。机器人研究者感到一定驱动机器就进化传感器需要恶劣的环境中，例如赢得主要能源资源。他们希望,但无法确定,那他们就会越来越正当的费用一般工业生产。现在已经很清楚，使用传感器来控制机器，或干脆去核实他们的操作,可以极具成本效益的,至少是在特定的领域,并将批量生产现状的基础上,提出了产业。这样的例子是：传感系统领域中刀具状态监控、切削力及力矩平衡感应机器人装配系统、自动检测机利用视觉技术为100%检查其它操作面板及铸件之间，跟踪传感器对电弧焊接,焊缝封由机器人。经济与排水处理这些应用的租金传感器系统迄今为止已相当专业,两个传感器的硬件和相关的软件。现在，但是，令人鼓舞的迹象出现不同传感器的应用领域之间。例如，许多商业视觉系统和一些新兴的触觉系统都能使用或多或少的标准化技术对图像处理及形状表示，结构化的光三角系统可以用较小的硬件和软件变化测量物体的三维型材等不同个体焊接接头、身体所费无几,直至消失。传感器，这使机器恢复机智的误差,并从标准的软件程序,如专家系统,现在可以被用于促进这一。一个未解决的问题仍然是怎样的市场供应系统中传感器的先进制造会发展。到目前为止已经有稍微的制造商之间的对立的自动检测设备，设计成CIM系统联系在一起而感到高兴，但并不是必需的任何机器
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