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1、初中英语语法归纳复习:被动语态重难点:掌握八种常见时态的被动语态,并能根据不同情景,灵活运用被动语态。【知识总结归纳】一 . 概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二 . 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换wevisited that factory last summer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语that factory was visited by us last summer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三 . 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时( 1) do they speakis french spoken byfrench ?them ?am

2、/ is / are + p.p.the room isn t used by( 2) they don t use the them . room .一般过去时was / were + p.p.现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p.过去进行时was / were + being + p.p.现在完成时( 1) the hunter killed a tiger .( 2) he wrote many stories last year .( 1) these workers are building a new bridge .( 2) he is mending h

3、is car .( 1) he was selling books .( 2) they werediscussing the plan at that time .( 1) she has learneda tiger was killed by thehunter .many stories was writtenby him last year .a new bridge is being builtby these workers .his car is being mendedby him .books were being built byhim .the plan was bei

4、ngdiscussed by them at thattime .many english words havebeen learned by her .have / has + been + p. p.过去完成时had + been + p.p.一般将来时shall / will be + p.p.过去将来时would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.情态动词can / may / must / should+ be + p.p.四 . 如何正确使用被动语态many english words .( 2) he has finished the wo

5、rk .( 1) they has solved the problem .( 2) we had told him the news by then .( 1) i shall make a plan .( 2) they are going to fix the radio in an hour .( 1) he told me they would paint the room .( 2) they were going toput on a play the next week .( 1) we should hand in our homework .( 2) you must an

6、swer the question in english .the work has beenfinished by him .the problem had beensolved by them .the news had been told tohim by us .a plan will be made byme .the radio is going to befixed by them in an hour .he told me the roomwould be painted bythem .a play was going to be putby them the next w

7、eek .our homework should behanded in by us .the question must beanswered in english byyou .1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词 “ to ”。eg. he often tells us interesting stories .(主动语态)we are often told interesting stories by him .(被动语态)inter

8、esting stories are often told to us by him .常带双宾语的词有:tell , show , lend , pass等。2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to 被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to 还要还原。eg. i often hear her sing this popular song .(主动语态)宾语宾语补足语复合宾语she is often heard to sing this popular song .(被动语态) 有这种用法的常用动词有:make , let , see ,

9、hear , watch , feel , notice等。3. 有些“ be + 过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。”the door is closed. 门是关着的。 (系表结构 )比较:( 1)the door is closed by fengping .这个门是由冯平来关的。( 被动语态 )the glassis broken . 这个玻璃杯是坏的。(系表结构 )( 2)the glass was broken by mary .这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的。(被动语态 )4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词 + 介词词组才可以有被

10、动语态。great changeshave taken place in china .(正确 )eg.great changeshave been taken place in china . (错误 )the dolphin disappeared in the deepsea.(正确 )the dolphin was disappeared in the deepsea.(错误 )【总结】一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化。以do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are

11、 +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时例 visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done现在完成时例 all the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3) am/is /are being done现在进行时例 a new cinema is being built here4) was/were done一般过去时例 i was given ten minutes to decide w

12、hether i should reject the offer.5) had been done过去完成时例 by the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in beijing.6) was/were being done过去进行时例 a meeting was being held when i was there.7) shall/will be done一般将来时例 hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would

13、be done过去将来时例 the news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用)例 the project will have been completed before july.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词 be过去分词。例 the baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以

14、把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 his mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改 he was given a present by his motherfor his birthday.3) 当“ +宾语 + 足 ” 构 被 ,将 被 构中的主 ,其余不 。例 someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改 the boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役 have, make, get以及感官 see

15、, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作 ,在主 构中不定式to 要省略,但 被 构 ,要加to 。例 someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改 a stranger was seen to walk into thebuilding.5) 有些相当于及物 的 ,如“ 介 ”,“ 副 ”等,也可以用于被 构,但要把它 看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介 或副 也不能省略。例 the meeting is to be put off till friday.3. 非 的被 v.+ing形式及不定式

16、to do也有被 ( 一般 和完成 )。例 i dont like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被 学 被 ,不 要知道被 的各种 法 构, 要知道在哪些情况中使用被 。1. 者不知道 作的 行者或不必 出 作的 行者( 可省by短 ) 。例 my bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被 的 作突出 作的 行者。例 i was given ten minutes to decide whether i should accept the offer.3. 了更好地安排句子。例 the well-known person

17、got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.(一个主 就 了)三、 it is said that+从句及其他 似句型一些表示“据 ”或“相信”的 如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“ it be 去分 that从句”或“主 be 去分 to do sth.”。有:it is said that 据 ,it is reported that据 道, it is believed that大家相信, it is hopedthat大家希望,

18、 it is well known that众所周知, it is thought that大家 , it is suggestedthat据建 。例 it is said that the boy has passed the national exam.( the boy is said to have passed thenational exam.)四、 的主 形式表示被 意 1. 英 中有很多 如 break , catch , clean , drive ,lock , open, sell , read , write , wash 等,当它 被用作不及物 来描述主 特征 ,常用

19、其主 形式表达被 意 ,主 通常是物。例 this kind of cloth washes well.注意:主 表被 的是主 的特征,而被 外界作用造成的影响。 比 : the door wont lock (指 本身有毛病)the door wont be locked (指不会有人来 ,指“ 没有 ”是人的原因)2.表示“ 生、 行”的不及物 和短 ,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out,come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out例 how do the newspaper

20、s come out?等以主 形式表示被 意 。 些 是如何引出来的呢?3.系 没有被 形式,但有些表示感受、感官的 系 feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表 构中常以主 形式表示被 意 。例 your reason sounds reasonable五、非 的主 形式表被 意 在某些句型中可用 名 和不定式的主 形式表被 意 。1 在 need , want, require, bear等 的后面, 名 用主 形式表示被 意 ,其含 相当于 不定式的被 形式。例 the house needs repairing( to be repaired) 房子需要修

21、理。2 形容 worth 后面跟 名 的主 形式表示被 含 ,但不能跟 不定式;而worthy后面跟 不定式的被 形式。例 the picture-book is well worth reading( the picture-book is very worthy to be read)3. 不定式在名 后面作定 ,不定式和名 之 有 关系 ,又和句中另一名 或代 构成主 关系,不定式的主 形式表示被 含 。例 i have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与 things是 关系,与i 是主 关系。) 比 : i ll go to th

22、e post office. do you have a letter to be posted? (此 用不定式的被 作定 表明you 不是 post 作的 行者。)4. 在某些“形容 不定式”做表 或 足 的 构中,句子的主 或 又是 不定式的 , 常用不定式的主 形式表达被 意 。 些形容 有nice ,easy , fit, hard , difficult, important,impossible, pleasant, interesting等。例 this problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了 for me )

23、.5 在 too to 构中,不定式前面可加 主 ,所以 用主 形式表示被 意 。例 this book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在 there be 句型中,当 不定式修 名 作定 ,不定式用主 式作定 ,重点在人,用被 形式作定 ,重点在物。例 there is no time to lose( to be lost)(用 to lose可看成 for us to lose;用 to be lost, lost time不明确。)7.在 be to do 构中的一些不定式通常 用主 表主 ,被 表被 。然而, 由于古英 的影响, 下列 ren

24、t,blame,let等仍用不定式的主 形式表示被 意 。例 who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介 in, on, under等 +名 构成介 短 表被 意 表示方位的介 与含 作意 的名 合用,含被 之 ,其意 相当于 名 相 的被 形式,名 前一般不用冠 。1.“ under + 名 ” 构,表示“某事在 行中”。常 的有:under control(受控制) , undertreatment(在治 中) , under repair(在修理中), under discussion(在 中) , under construction(在施工中)

25、。例 the building is under construction( is being constructed).2“ beyond+名 ” 构,“出乎 、范 、限度”。常 的有:beyond belief (令人 以置信 ) , beyond one s reach (鞭 莫及), beyond one s control (无法控制), beyond our hope 我 的成功始料不及。例 the rumour is beyond belief( =can t be believed)3. “ above+名 ” 构 , 表示“ ( 品 、行 、能力等 ) 超 、高于”。例 hi

26、s honest character is above all praise =his honest character cannot be praised enough4“ for+ 名 ” 构,表示“适于、 着”。如:for sale(出售 ), for rent(出租)等。例 that house is for sale. (= that house is to be sold).5“ in+ 名 ” 构,表示“在 程中或范 内”常 的有:in print(在印刷中),in sight(在 野范 内 ) ,等。例 the book is not yet in print (=is not

27、 yet printed)6“ on+名 ” 构 , 表示“在从事 中”。常 的有: on sale( 出售 ) , on show (展出) , on trial (受 )。例 today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“ out of+名 ” 构; 表示 “超出之外“,常 的有:out of control (控制不了 ) , out ofsight(超出 之外),out of ones reach( 不着 ), out of fashion(不流行 ) 等。例 the plane was ou

28、t of control (cant be controlled) 。8“ within+名 ” 构,“在内、不超 ”。例 he took two days off within the teachers permission【题型展示】1. a talk on chinese historyin the school hall next week .a. be givenb. has been givenc. will be givend. will give2.to make our city more beautiful , rubbishinto the river .a. needn

29、 t be thrownb. mustn t be thrownc. can t throwd. may not throw3.you may go fishing if your work.a. is doneb. will be donec. has doned. have done4.the trees mustthree times a week .a. waterb. is wateringc. be wateredd. waters5. i won t come to the party unless sue, too . you mean ifsue comes you ll come ?a. will inviteb. invitesc. invitedd. is invited6.i like my new bike . itvery well .a. ridesb. is ridingc. is riddend. has ridden7.mr. chen has a lond voice . his voice canclearly even in that big

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