考研英语模拟试题12篇(附全文翻译)

1、姓名：_ 班级：_ 学号：_-密-封 -线- 考研英语模拟试题12篇(附全文翻译)考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分题号一二三四五总分分数遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。sectionuse of englishdirections：read the following text. choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark a，b，c or d on answer sheet 1.(10 points)一、美陪审团制度as former colonists of great britain

2、，the founding fathers of the united states adopted much of the legal system of great britain. we have a“common law”，or law made by courts_1_a monarch or other central governmental_2_like a legislature. the jury，a_3_of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an_4_ part of our common-law system.u

3、se of juries to decide cases is a_5_feature of the american legal system. few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the united states._6_the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result_7_would be obtained using a judge_8_，as many co

4、untries do._9_a jury decides cases after“_10_”，or discussions among a group of people，the jurys decision is likely to have the_11_ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.juries are used in both civil cases，which decide_12_ among_13_ citizens，an

5、d criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government _14_ that individuals have committed crimes. juries are selected from the u.s. citizens and_15_. jurors，consisting of _16_ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.the judge_17_to the case_18_the selection of jurors to serve as t

6、he jury for that case. in some states，_19_jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the_龄)可能有所帮助。早退休可能看起来是个值得追求的个人目标，但对于社会来说却是昂贵的，它使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。这意味着更多的退休人员要依赖在职者的资助作为收入。这一前景是令人担忧的。未来50年，经合组织国家的低出生率和预期寿命的增加将使这一老年依赖率提高大约一倍。占经合组织国

7、家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在国内生产总值中的比例预期将平均增加超过三个百分点，而在有些国家甚至会增加八个百分点。养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期或认为应该得到的养老金的危险。行动是必需的，但仅仅试图减少公共养老金的慷慨度或增加系统内私有养老金的作用，尽管是必要的，但在应对这种依赖挑战方面仍是不够的。前些年为了避免下岗及高失业，政府采取提前早退休的方案，而现在许多政府正考虑劝说人们晚点退休。当然，他们是这么想的，如果现在我们更加健康了、工作对体力的要求降低了、失业率也降低了，那么(工作)出席率可能也该重新上升了。 九、罗马人的建国the success

8、 of augustus owed much to the character of roman theorizing about the state. the romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea_l_ states，such as_2_ to the greeks. with very few exceptions，roman theorists ignored，or rejected_3_ valueless，intellectual exercises like platos repu

9、blic，in_4_ the relationship of the individual to the state was_5_ out painstakingly without reference to_6_ states or individuals. the closest the roman came to the greek model was ciceros de re publica，and even here cicero had rome clearly in _7_. roman thought about the state was concrete，even whe

10、n it_8_ religious and moral concepts. the first ruler of rome，romulus，was_9_ to have received authority from the gods，specifically from jupiter，the“guarantor”of rome. all constitutional_10_was a method of conferring and administering the_11_. very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of th

11、e_12_，the family heads who formed the original senate，_13_the religious character necessary to exercise authority，because its original function was to_14_the gods. being practical as well as exclusive，the senators moved_15_to divide the authority，holding that their consuls，or chief officials，would p

12、ossess it on_16_months，and later extending its possession to lower officials._17_the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing_18_authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only_19_the mass of the people concurred. the system grew with enormous _以后，当城市不断增多的战事使军事领导才能变得非常重要时，成为国王的军