专题一初中英语句子成分及基本句型ppt（谷风校园）

1、Grammar,sentences,1,沐风教资,句子成分 Parts of the Sentence,2,沐风教资,概念：组成句子的各个部分， 即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语， 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。,3,沐风教资,句子成份, 句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（ subject group）,谓语部分（ predicate group）, 句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,4,沐风教资,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adve

2、rb Oc - object complement predicate,主,宾,表,补,定,状,谓,5,沐风教资,主语（subject） 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的 “是什么”或“是谁”。 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。 大多数主语都在句首。,6,沐风教资,主语（subject）:句子的主体，全句述说的对象，一般位于句首,The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is

3、believing. （动名词）,7,沐风教资,讲述“谁” We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么” The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job. 从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主语的位置在中间。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.,8,沐风

4、教资,在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面 用it作形式主语。 如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.,9,沐风教资,To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,形式主语,

5、真正主语,It =that the elephant is round and tall like a tree,10,沐风教资,The rich should help the poor.,名词化的形容词,11,沐风教资,1.Do exercise is good for your health. 2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.,V.不能做主语！,12,沐风教资,指出下列句中主语的中心词, The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 介词不能作主

6、语 There is an old man coming here.,There is an apple on the table. An apple is there on the table.,13,沐风教资, The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.,14,沐风教资,找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a g

7、reat pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.,主语小测,15,沐风教资,单选： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish th

8、is job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They,16,沐风教资,谓语（predicate）： 说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。常置于主语后。 由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。,17,沐风教资,He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German.,18,沐风教资,谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或

9、者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。,I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning.,19,沐风教资,The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night?,简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成,20,沐风教资,You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad coug

10、h. We are sudents. That idea sounds great!,复合谓语：1.情态动词助动词+v 2.系动词+adj.,21,沐风教资,Open the door, please! Go and get some water for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句： 1.省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形,22,沐风教资,找出下列句子的谓语, I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when

11、summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?,23,沐风教资, Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to? 11. Put away your books right now!,24,沐风教资,按要求找出下列句子的主谓： 1. Trees

12、 turn green when spring comes. （主谓） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主谓） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主谓） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主谓）,主谓小测,祈使句,省略主语

13、you,25,沐风教资,1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone,单选：,Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的,形式主语,真正的主语,to finis

14、h,26,沐风教资,3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I have one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good,祈使句，谓语动词用原形,动名词做主语,感官动词+adj.,27,沐风教资,表语（predicative）： 说明主

15、语是说明或怎么样， 由名词、形容词、数词、副词、 不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。 它的位置在系动词后面。,28,沐风教资,形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didnt come to s

16、chool yesterday.,29,沐风教资,宾语（object）: 表示动作、行为的对象， 由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。,30,沐风教资,如： 名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代词做宾语 He often helps me. 不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in the open air. 动名词作宾语 The Americans enjoyed living in China. 从句

17、做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in time.,31,沐风教资,直接宾语和间接宾语 及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。 如： We brought them some food. 主 谓 间宾 直宾 间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。,32,沐风教资,宾语的补足语（object complement） 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在

18、宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.,33,沐风教资,名词作宾补 If you let me go, Ill make you king. 形容词作宾补 Dont make your hands dirty. 副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 介词短语作宾补 Make yourself at home. 省略to的不定式作宾补 I saw a girl go into

19、 the building. 带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down. 现在分词作宾补 The boss kept them working all day. 过去分词作宾补 Yesterday he got his leg broken.,34,沐风教资,在英语中,常见的“宾语宾语补足语”的结构有： “宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor. “宾语+形

20、容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如： Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean. We cant leave him alone. Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?,35,沐风教资,“宾语+副词”。 副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。 常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home,

21、in, out, anywhere等。如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home. When got there, we found him out. “宾语+介词短语”。 介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend. He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.,36,沐风教资,“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式

22、有三种： A 要求带to的不定式 The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework. “宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补， 此时在该句型中的宾语即

23、为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。 I saw them playing on the playground. I heard Mary singing in the classroom. “宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.,37,沐风教资,形式宾语形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday. 宾语+what 从句

24、 Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today. The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.,38,沐风教资,动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。,I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you I hope t

25、o see you again. Did you write down what he said?,39,沐风教资,He is afraid of her-his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介词后面的宾语：介宾 注意：人称代词要用宾格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she,40,沐风教资,He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：

26、双宾,41,沐风教资,I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday.,形式宾语,真正宾语,42,沐风教资, My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your job. How many new words did you learn last class?,找出下列句子的宾语,43,沐风教资,5.Some of the students in the

27、 school want to go swimming, how about you? 6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 7.They made him monitor of the class. 8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. 9.They think it impossible to get to the station in such a short time.,44,沐风教资,定语（attributive）： 用来修饰名词

28、或代词。由形容词、代词、 数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。 单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语 或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。,45,沐风教资,定语（attributive） 定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。,46,沐风教资,形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 Whats your name? 名词作定语 They made some paper flower

29、s. 介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One. 不定式作短语 I have lots to eat and drink. 从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.,47,沐风教资,在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。如： W

30、ell go to have something English. If you dont know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me? 介词短语作定语时要后置。如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.,48,沐风教资,动词的不定式作定语时要后置What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring. 注