athesissubmittedforthesubjunctivemood虚拟语气

1、A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR The Subj un ctive MoodAbstract【This paper centers on the Subjunctive Mood 】Subjunctive mood in English usagewidely ,ma ny cha nges,as a result of the difficulties in teach in g,Which en able stude nts to master itsuse is difficult to accurately. This paper will subj unctive mo

2、od use in various circumsta nces for aconcise analysis, and some difficulties for the teaching of Professor subjunctive proposal to provide some ideas for teach ing, more clarity for scholars to grasp the usage of the subj unctive.【Key Words Subjunctive Mood ,usage Listen IntroductionContentsIntrodu

3、ction41n the subjunctive mood in Indo-European language42.Subjunctive usage in the clause52.1 Subjun ctive adverbial clause for conditions52.2 Subjun ctive clause for the object62.3 Subjun ctive mood for breed ing pla nts, with desired62.4 Subjun ctive clauses for the subject62.5 For the attributive

4、 clause subjunctive72.6 Subjun ctive mood in as if though, eve n if / though , or adverbial clause inthe application72.7 Subjun ctive mood is used in exclamatory senten ces if only to guide the72.8 Subjun ctive mood in the applicati on of a simple sentence73.Speaking of the use of the subjunctive84.

5、Subjunctive sentences for the wishes85 Subjunctive mood in the movie86.Subjunctive mood in English Teaching96.1 Grasp the n ature of the subjunctive96.2 to set the teachi ng situati on, to improve teach ing effectiveness9Conclusion11References11.IntroductionIn grammar, the subj un ctive mood (someti

6、mes referred to as conn ecti on tone) is that many Ian guages have the verb ton e. It is typically used in the subord in ate clause expresses hope, order, emoti on, possibility, judgme nts, n ecessity, or with the curre nt representation to the contrary. Details of the subjunctive with the Ianguage

7、differe nce.Subj un ctive that the subjective desire of the speaker, assu ming (imag in ary), speculati on or suggesti on, does not mean that the facts exist objectively.1ln the subjunctive mood in Indo-European languageRecon struct ion of the origi nal In do-Europea n Ian guage is a lot of hypothet

8、ical Ian guage family an cestors. In clud ing Roma nee Ian guages, Celtic Ian guages, Germanic Ianguages (including English), Slavic Ianguages, many of the Indian subcontinent or the Persian Ianguage and Iranian Ianguages, and some other Ian guages. It has two closely related mood: the subj un ctive

9、 and optative. Many of its daughter Ian guages comb ined or a comb in ati on of these mood.In the In do-Europea n Ian guages, the formati on of the subj un ctive verb root with the full vowel cha nge class, and add the stem vowel *- e-or *- o-to the verb root, i nflected with a pers ons complete, or

10、igi nal Collecti on. Subj un ctive mood is the In do-Europea n non-reality (irrealis) stateme nts, for the hypothesis or coun terfactual situati on.Optative use the suffix *- iehl or *- ih1 (with the guttural) to form. Optative use of sec on dary attachme nt called in flecti on morphemes collect ion

11、. Optative used to express hope or wishes.In the In do-Europea n Ian guage, only Alba nian, Avesta n, An cie nt Greek, San skrit, and to some exte nt in the Old Church Slav onic rema in completely separate and parallel to the subjunctive and optative. However, in Sanskrit, the use of the subj un cti

12、ve is on ly found in the earlier Vedic Ian guage, compared to pray tone and less use of the imperative mood. In the latter part of the Ian guage (si nee C.500BC) in out of the use of the subj un ctive, optative, or imperative mood as an alter native. However, first-pers on subj un ctive form of con

13、ti nued use, in fact, bee n tran sferred to the imperative mood, and it did in the past, such as Greek, not the first pers on form.2. Through the subjunctive verb form to express the particular, its use more Throughout the relevant literature, mainly in the following 8 kinds of usage:2 “Subjunctive

14、adverbial clause for conditionsA. said that with the prese nt assumpti onscon trary to fact, con diti ons in the verb adverbial clause of the past tense (be the past tense of verbs used were), while the mai n clause of the predicate verbwould (should, could, might) Verb prototype. For example: If he

15、 had time, he would join your birthday party.B. The fact that contrary to past assumptions, conditions adverbial clause of the predicate verb had past participle, the main clause predicate verb would (should, could, might) have past participle.For example: If you had put on the rain coat, you would

16、nt have get wetC. the fact that the opposite assumption and the future, the conditions of adverbial clause and main clause verb used with and now the fact that the opposite of the hypothesis the same verb, or adverbial clause con diti ons using were to (should) be held at on ce.For example: If it we

17、re to rain tomorrow, the meeti ng would be put off.2.2 Subjunctive clause for the objectA. wish object clausemea ns that expectati ons can not be achieved, meaning . like, a ndsorry you . , I hope . and so on. In practice, said the desire can not be achieved now, clause verb the past tense to in dic

18、ate future aspirati ons can not be achieved with would (could) be held at on ce; that the aspirati ons of the past can not be achieved whe n the use of had past participleor Is would (could) have past participle.For example; a: I wish it were spri ng all the year roun d.B. subj un ctive verb arran g

19、e, comma nd, dema nd, desire, in sist, order, propose, request, require, Suggest, recomme nd, prefer, settle, desire, want, etc. using the back of the object clause (should be omitted) verb Prototype.For example: We suggested that we (should) have a meet ing other senten ces.C. hope object clauses,

20、clauses in the applicatio n would, rather tha n using should.2.3 the subjunctive mood for breeding plants, with desiredFor advice, idea, order, dema nd, pla n, proposal, suggesti on, request such terms are wrong and with desired, use the subj un ctive verb structure (should) be held at on ce.For exa

21、mple: We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightsee ing2.4 Subjunctive clauses for the subjectIn the subject clause, the subj un ctive verb structures should be held at on ce, the structure of, oh, do not believe that, sorry, it should be so. Should this for the auxilia

22、ry, he has no practical sig nifica nee, this clause by the conj un cti on that the subject guide, commonly used in it is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable, etc) that . senten ce.for example: It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.) that we should clea n the

23、room every day.2.5 For the attributive clause subjunctiveThis clause is ofte n used in it is (high) time (that) . senten ce, the attributive clause with the virtual past tense verb, or should be held at once (should) not be omitted at this time, be used were to That tran slated in to NowFor example:

24、 It is high time we left (should leave2.6 Subjunctive mood in as if though, even if / though , or adverbial clause in the applicationIf the clause that the action occurred in the past, using the past perfect; refers to the curre nt situati on, the past ten se; refers to the future with the past is t

25、he future style.For example: He looked as if he were an artist.2.7 Subjunctive mood is used in exclamatory sentencesif only to guide theConditional non-real results if the omitted main clause, then an impossible desire, ofte n used in senten ces such con diti ons if only in the boot of the exclamato

26、ry. Example: If only I were a bird!2.8 Subjunctive mood in the application of a simple sentenceA. past tense of modal verbs used in the present tense, it indicates that thespeaker is very humble, polite, polite tone, or euphemism, this case ofte n appears in everyday conv ersati on.For example: It w

27、ould be better for you not to stay up too lateB. used in some idiomatic expressi on.for example: Would you like a cup of tea? c. for may be held aton cemea nshope,hope. But may n eed to be placed in the senten ce, such as: May you be happy! May you succeed!3. Speaking of the use of the subjunctiveCo

28、mmon Ian guage spoke n in the subj un ctive mood is a polite euphemism tonelook. At this point more by the predicate should / would / could / might + verb form prototype.for example:(3.1)Perhaps you could do better this way. (3.2)Might I ask you aquesti on now? (3.3)Could you leave you phone nu mber

29、?4. Subjunctive sentences for the wishes For example:(4.1)Lo ng live the people! (4.2)God bless you.(4.3)May you success!5. Subjunctive mood in the movie(TITANIC)5.1 Jack: If I hadn met you in my life, I would have regretted all my life.Rose: If the rescue workers came now, we would be rescued.Jack:

30、 If you should be alive, you would have a happy life.5.2If Jack hadn t won his-tHaish ticket in a poker game , he wouldn t havemet Rose and if Jack were alive now, he would marry Rose. If they were to marry, they should live a happy life in the future.5.3 Jack found a piece of wood and let Rose lie

31、on it while he was in the cold water.If Jack hadn t found a piece of wood, he wouldn t havet lwhRose liwasnin the cold water.5.4Because of the freez ing water, Jack diedIf the water hadn t been freezing, Jack wouldn t have died.5.5At last, the rescue workers came and saved Rose.If the rescue workers

32、 had nt come, Rose wouldbeenhaaved.6. Subjunctive mood in English TeachingAs a result of the use of the subjunctive mood itself more and more forms, more complex virtual verb forms, but always cha nging which is the esse nceof its various represe ntati ons used only for the teachi ng of the subj un

33、ctive mood subj un ctive n ature should Departure for stude nts to grasp the profo und esse nee of the subj un ctive mood, once aga in, due to the use of the subj un ctive sce nario invo Ived more so in the teach ing process to enhance situati onal teachi ng, teach ing to enhance the stude nts in th

34、e sce nario and use the memory to obta in the good teach ing Effect.6.1 Grasp the nature of the subjunctiveSubjunctive mood has been the illusion of the real world, about real events and emotions through the subjective perception to the imaginary, in fact, is a grammatical metaphor. Grasp the esse n

35、ee, the use of the specific con text and n ature of con diti ons will corresp ond to the use of the subj un ctive mood can be accurately, in the grammar into the cog nitive con ceptual teach ing and lear ning mach ines tha n to allow learners the various forms of grammar More effective and play a mu

36、ltiplier effect, gran ted the fish , as to teach him fish ing. conno tati on teach ing of grammar usage is far higher tha n the syn tax itself.6.2 to set the teaching situation, to improve teaching effectivenessLan guage lear ning itself requires a certa in con text, the use of the subj un ctive moo

37、d, involving also the more complex con text, the n ature of the grasp of grammar, based on the practical applicatio n to improve the ability of the stude nts also n eed to set the con text, the vivid Arouse stude nts with lear ning, emoti onal situati ons, to enhance the stude nts memory. You can pl

38、ay games or show a small program to allow stude nts to lear n in a n atural sce nario to use the subj un ctive mood.ConclusionSubjunctive, also known as subjunctive is a verb form that describes the content of the speaker and the fact the con trary, in reality does not exist, or is un likely to achi

39、eve. Subjun ctive mood in En glish grammar and syn tax in En glish teachi ng importa nt phe nomenon, played a pivotal role. However, the subj un ctive mood, tense and modal verb is a grammatical structure differe nt from the norm, which will make the process of lear ning and use of the stude nts bro

40、ught more difficulties in the syn tax of features, so we pay more attention to the subjunctive mood Learning and un dersta nding.References1. Xue Jinxin, basic knowledge of English Handbook 2003.8 Beijing Uni versity Press2. Hua Kejian Invincible English grammardolphins University Press型号)制造厂家额定功率（KW）560额定电压（V）400额定电流（A）1010额定频率（Hz）502003.93. Zhang Zhenbang New English GrammarEdu