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圆柱齿轮
减速器
设计
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单级圆柱齿轮减速器设计,圆柱齿轮,减速器,设计
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目 录设计计划任务书 1传动方案说明2电动机的选择3传动装置的运动和动力参数5传动件的设计计算6轴的设计计算8 联轴器的选择10 滚动轴承的选择及计算13 键联接的选择及校核计算14 减速器附件的选择15 润滑与密封16 设计小结16 参考资料1611.拟定传动方案为了估计传动装置的总传动比范围，以便选择合适的传动机构和传动方案，可先由已知条件计算其驱动卷筒的转速nw,即v=1.1m/s;D=350mm; nw=60*1000*v/(*D)=60*1000*1.1/(3.14*350) 一般常选用同步转速为r/min或r/min的电动机作为原动机，因此传动装置总传动比约为7或25。2.选择电动机）电动机类型和结构形式按工作要求和工作条件，选用一般用途的（）系列三相异步电动机。它为卧式封闭结构。）电动机容量（）卷筒轴的输出功率F=2800r/min; Pw=F*v/1000=2800*1.1/1000 (2)电动机输出功率PdPd=Pw/t传动装置的总效率t=t1*t22*t3*t4*t5式中，t1,t2,为从电动机到卷筒之间的各传动机构和轴承的效率。由表查得：弹性联轴器 1个t4=0.99; 滚动轴承2对t2=0.99; 圆柱齿轮闭式1对t3=0.97; V带开式传动1幅t1=0.95; 卷筒轴滑动轴承润滑良好1对t5=0.98; 则t=t1*t22*t3*t4*t5=0.95*0.992*0.97*0.99*0.980.8762 故Pd=Pw/t=3.08/0.8762 （）电动机额定功率Ped由第二十章表选取电动机额定功率ped=4KW。3）电动机的转速为了便于选择电动事，先推算电动机转速的可选范围。由表查得V带传动常用传动比范围24，单级圆柱齿轮传动比范围36，可选电动机的最小转速Nmin=nw*6=60.0241*6=360.1449r/min 可选电动机的最大转速Nmin=nw*24=60.0241*24=1440.6 r/min同步转速为960r/min选定电动机型号为321。）电动机的技术数据和外形、安装尺寸由表、表查出321型电动机的方根技术数据和外形、安装尺寸，并列表刻录备用。电机型号额定功率同步转速满载转速电机质量轴径mmY132M1-64Kw10009607328大齿轮数比小齿轮数=101/19=5.3158 计算传动装置总传动比和分配各级传动比）传动装置总传动比nm=960r/min; i=nm/nw=960/60.0241=15.9936 ）分配各级传动比取V带传动比为i1=3; 则单级圆柱齿轮减速器比为i2=i/i1=15.9936/3=5.3312 所得i2值符合一般圆柱齿轮和单级圆柱齿轮减速器传动比的常用范围。计算传动装置的运动和动力参数）各轴转速电动机轴为轴，减速器高速轴为轴，低速轴为轴，各轴转速为n0=nm; n1=n0/i1=60.0241/3=320r/min n2=n1/i2=320/5.3312=60.0241r/min ）各轴输入功率按机器的输出功率Pd计算各轴输入功率，即P0=Ped=4kw 轴I 的功率P1=P0*t1=4*0.95=3.8kw 轴II功率P2=P1*t2*t3=3.8*0.99*0.97=3.6491kw ）各轴转矩T0=9550*P0/n0=9550*4/960=39.7917 Nm T1=9550*P1/n1=9550*3.8/320=113.4063 Nm T2=9550*P2/n2=9550*3.6491/60.0241=580.5878 Nm 二、设计带轮1、计算功率P=Ped=4Kw 一班制，工作小时，载荷平稳，原动机为笼型交流电动机查课本表，得KA=1.1; 计算功率Pc=KA*P=1.1*44.4kw 2选择普通带型号n0 =960r/min 根据Pc=4.4Kw，n0=960r/min,由图13-15（205页）查得坐标点位于A型d1=80100、确定带轮基准直径表及推荐标准值小轮直径d1=100mm; 大轮直径d2=d1*3.5=100*3.5=350mm 取标准件d2=355mm; 4、验算带速验算带速v=*d1*n0/60000=3.14*100*960/60000=5.0265m/s 在525m/s范围内从动轮转速n22=n0*d1/d2=960*100/355=270.4225m/s n21=n0/3.5=960/3.5=274.2857m/s 从动轮转速误差=(n22-n21)/n21=270.4225-274.2857/274.2857=-0.0141 5、V带基准长度和中心距初定中心距中心距的范围amin=0.75*(d1+d2)=0.75*(100+355)=341.2500mm amax=0.8*(d1+d2)=0.8*(100+355)=364mm a0=350mm; 初算带长Lc=2*a0+pi*(d1+d2)/2+(d2-d1)2/4/a0 Lc = 1461.2mm 选定基准长度表8-7,表8-8查得Ld=1600mm; 定中心距a0+(Ld-Lc)/2=(1600-1461.3)/2=419.4206mm a=420mm; amin=a-0.015*Ld=420-0.015*1600=396mm amax=a+0.03*Ld=420+0.03*1600=468mm 6、验算小带轮包角验算包角180-(d2-d1)*57.3/a=180-(355-100)*57.3/a145.2107 120度 故合格7、求V带根数Z由式（13-15）得查得 n1=960r/min , d1=120mm查表13-3 P0=0.95由式13-9得传动比i=d2/(d1(1+0.0141)=350/(100*(1+0.0141)=3.5查表（13-4）得由包角145.21度查表13-5得Ka=0.92KL=0.99z=4.4/(0.95+0.05)*0.92*0.99)=38、作用在带上的压力F查表13-1得q=0.10故由13-17得单根V带初拉力三、轴初做轴直径： 轴I和轴II选用45#钢 c=110d1=110*（3.8/320）(1/3)=25.096mm取d1=28mmd2=110*(3.65/60)（1/3）=43.262mm由于d2与联轴器联接，且联轴器为标准件，由轴II扭矩，查162页表取YL10YLd10联轴器Tn=630580.5878Nm 轴II直径与联轴器内孔一致取d2=45mm四、齿轮1、齿轮强度由n2=320r/min,P=3.8Kw,i=3采用软齿面，小齿轮40MnB调质，齿面硬度为260HBS，大齿轮用ZG35SiMn调质齿面硬度为225HBS。因，SH1=1.1， SH2=1.1，因：，SF=1.3所以2、按齿面接触强度设计设齿轮按9级精度制造。取载荷系数K=1.5，齿宽系数小齿轮上的转矩 按 计算中心距u=i=5.333mm齿数z1=19,则z2=z1*5.333=101模数m=2a/(z1+z2)=2.0667 取模数m2.5 确定中心矩a=m(z1+z1)/2=150mm齿宽b=b1=70mm,b2=60mm3、验算弯曲强度齿形系数YF1=2.57，YF2=2.18按式（11-8）轮齿弯曲强度4、齿轮圆周速度按162页表11-2应选9做精度。与初选一致。五、轴校核：圆周力Ft=2T/d1径向力Fr=Ft*tan =20度 标准压力角d=mz=2.5*101=252.5mmFt=2T/d1=2*104.79/252.5=5852.5NFr=5852.5*tan20=2031.9N1、求垂直面的支承压力Fr1,Fr2 由Fr2*L-Fr*L/2=0得Fr2=Fr/2=1015.9N2、求水平平面的支承力FH1=FH2=Ft/2=2791.2N3、画垂直面弯矩图L=40/2+40/2+9010=140mmMavFr2*L/21015.9*140/2=71.113Nm4、画水平面弯矩图MaH=FH*L/2=2791.2*140/2=195.384Nm5、求合成弯矩图6、求轴传递转矩T=Ft*d2/2=2791.2*2.5*101/2=352.389Nm7、求危险截面的当量弯矩从图可见a-a截面是最危险截面，其当量弯矩为轴的扭切应力是脉动循环应力取折合系数a=0.6代入上式可得8、计算危险截面处轴的直径轴的材料，用45#钢，调质处理，由表14-1查得由表13-3查得许用弯曲应力，所以考虑到键槽对轴的削弱，将轴的最小危险直径d加4%。故d=1.04*25.4=26.42mm由实际最小直径d=40mm,大于危险直径所以此轴选d=40mm,安全六、轴承的选择由于无轴向载荷，所以应选深沟球轴承6000系列径向载荷Fr=2031.9N，两个轴承支撑，Fr1=2031.9/21015.9N工作时间Lh3*365*8=8760（小时）因为大修期三年，可更换一次轴承所以取三年由公式式中 fp=1.1,P=Fr1=1015.9N,ft=1 (工作环境温度不高)（深沟球轴承系列）由附表选6207型轴承七、键的选择选普通平键A型由表10-9按最小直径计算，最薄的齿轮计算b=14mm,h=9mm,L=80mm,d=40mm由公式所以选变通平键，铸铁键所以齿轮与轴的联接中可采用此平键。八、减速器附件的选择1、通气器：由于在外界使用，有粉尘，选用通气室采用M181.52、油面指示器：选用油标尺，规格M163、起吊装置：采用箱盖吊耳，箱座吊耳4、放油螺塞：选用外六角细牙螺塞及垫片M161.55、窥视孔及视孔盖选用板结构的视孔盖九、润滑与密封：1、齿轮的润滑：采用浸油润滑，由于低速级大齿轮的速度为：查课程设计P19表3-3大齿轮浸油深度为六分之一大齿轮半径，所以取浸油深度为30mm。2、滚动轴承的润滑采用飞溅润滑在箱座凸缘面上开设导油沟，并设挡油盘，以防止轴承旁齿轮啮合时，所挤出的热油溅入轴承内部，增加轴承的阻力。3、润滑油的选择齿轮与轴承用同种润滑油较为便利，考虑到该装置用于小型设备选用L-AN15润滑油4、密封方式选取：选用凸缘式端盖，易于调整轴承间隙，采用端盖安装毡圈油封实现密封。轴承盖结构尺寸按用其定位的轴承外径决定。设计小结：二、课程设计总结设计中运用了Matlab科学工程计算软件，用notebook命令调用MSWord来完成设计说明书及设计总结，在设计过程中用了机械设计手册2.0 软件版辅助进行设计，翻阅了学过的各种关于力学，制图，公差方面的书籍，综合运用了这些知识，感觉提高许多，当然尤其是在计算机软件CAD 方面的运用，深切感到计算机辅助设计给设计人员带来的方便，各种设计，计算，制图全套完成。由于没有经验，第一次做整个设计工作，在设计过程中出现了一些错误比如线形，制图规格，零件设计中的微小计算错误等都没有更正，设计说明书的排版也比较混乱等等。对图层，线形不熟悉甚至就不确定自己画出的线，在出图到图纸上时实际上是什么样子都不知道 ，对于各种线宽度，没有实际的概念。再比如标注较混乱，还是因为第一次做整个设计工作，没有经验，不熟悉。这次设计的目的是掌握机械设计规律，综合运用学过的知识，通过设计计算，绘图以及运用技术标准，规范设计手册等有关设计资料进行全面的机械设计技能训练。目的已经达到，有许多要求、标准心中虽然明确理解掌握但是要全力，全面的应用在实际中，还有待于提高水平。虽然它可能不是良好、优秀，但是既然教学环节、课程设计目的已经达到，那么这次设计做的就是完全合格的。当然还受软件的熟悉，运用程度的影响，所有这些必须得参加实践，接触实际工程设计中才能提高。带轮，齿轮，轴，轴承这些关键的设计计算都达到合格，并且用机械设计手册2.0 软件版的验证了。 通过这次课程设计，感到机械设计综合了力学，公差，材料，制图等学科的知识，要好了这些功课，才能做好机械设计。参考资料：工程力学，机械设计基础，机械设计指导，互换性技术与测量，机械制图Nw=60.0241r/minPw=3.08Kw效率t=0.8762Pd = 3.5150 Ped=4Kwi=15.9936i1=3i2=5.3312n0=960r/minn1=320r/minn2=60.0241r/minP0=4KwP1=3.8KwP2=3.6491KwT0=39.7917NmT1=113.4063NmT2=589.5878NmKA=1.1Pc=4.4Kwd1=100mmd2=355mm初定中心距a0=350mmLc=1461.3mmLd=1600mm中心距a=420mmz=3根预紧力FQ274.3Nd1=28mmd2=45mmYL10YLd10T1=113.4063Nmm=2.5a=150mm =20度Ft=5582.5NFr=2031.9NFH1=FH2=2791.2NMav=71.113NmMaH=195.38NmMa216.16NmMe=457.15NmFr1=1015.9NLh=8760小时6207型bhL=1498019编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：单级减速机箱体和箱盖工艺工装设计 机电 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923199学生姓名： 张亚东 指导教师： 鲍虹苏（职称：高工 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：单级减速机箱体和箱盖工艺工装设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923199 学生姓名： 张亚东 指导教师： 鲍虹苏 （ 职称：高工） （职称： ）2012年11月24日 课题来源机械制造业是一个国家最基础的行业，也决定了一个国家制造业的整体水平现在中国已经是一个制造大国，中国的制造业规模已经达到世界第四位，仅次于美国、日本和德国。研究内容本设计是针对减速机箱体工艺的制作，主要研究的是减速机箱盖的工艺过程、减速机的底座的工艺过程、减速机箱体合装后的工艺过程以及对该技术的测试和其实用性的研究。并由此做出了对现行的减速机的箱体的改造和进一步的完善。在这次的箱体工艺制造中，对一些主要程序比如说结合面联接孔、钻顶面螺纹底孔、攻螺纹、钻侧面测油孔、放油孔、螺纹底孔、沉孔、攻螺纹 等的研究。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析设计任务1） 设计一个中等复杂的零件的加工工艺规程；2） 设计一个专用夹具；3） 编写设计说明书。根据设计任务做出减速机箱的基本设计任务1）绘制零件工件图一张；2）绘制毛坯零件合图一张；3）编制机械加工工艺规程卡片一套；4）编写设计说明书一份；5）收集和研究原始资料，为夹具结构设计做好技术准备。6）初步拟定夹具结构方案，绘制夹具结构草图，进行必要的理论计算和分析。选择最佳的夹具结构方案，确定夹具精度和夹具总图尺寸、公差配合与技术要求。7） 绘制夹具总图和主要非标准件零件图，编写设计说明书。8）编制夹具特殊使用维护、操作、制造方面的说明或技术要求。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：设计减速机箱体和箱盖的结构并画出相关草图2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：完善设计所需的各种零件图、夹具图，并对设计的所有数据进行整理，做好撰写毕业论文的准备。2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：机械制造技术设计是培养机械工程类专业学生应职应岗能力的重要实践性教学环节，它要求学生能全面综合地运用所学的理论和实践知识，进行零件机械加工工艺规程和工艺装备的设计。其基本目的是：1） 培养工程意识。2） 训练基本技能。3） 培养质量意识。4） 培养规范意识。特色或创新之处1、 设计了一副可以多方面加工的夹具，减少了原材料的应用和所需的工时。2、 设计了多种加工方案，并对其比较，选出最佳方案。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题1、一是对镗床的不熟悉，二是在公差与配合方面的知识所学较少。2、学院图书馆相关资料有限，并且很多资料不外借处学校，设计此项目任务重工作量大物力条件有限以及经济上的原因造成难以落实原材料加工出成品3、经过努力，设计达到了预想的成功，由于条件的限制没能加工出成品，但对于我自己来说已经学到了不少东西。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：2011年 11 月 20 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Mineral product monorail reduction gear synopsisFirst:what is reducerReducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions. The reducer role 1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer. 2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia. The type of reducer General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines. Common reducer 1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high. 2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input. 3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly 1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host). 2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment 1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet. 2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance 3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth. 4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4 Third, seal requirements 1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal; 2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface; 3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements Forth, lubrication requirements 1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades 2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. 3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil. Fifth, the test requirements 1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours; 2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC; 3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements 1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging; 2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements. Seventh. Technical requirements 1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice; 2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times; 3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts; 4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: 40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, 55 0.08 - 0.15 mm; 5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler; 6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60s start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90s initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion gear drive reduction gear, it may realize the great velocity ratio, transmission load ability is also big. Its volume and the weight are all lighter than the dead axle speed reducer gear, the structure is simple, the efficiency is also high.Because this reduction gear three axle parallel structure, therefore caused the power/volume (or weight) the ratio is still small.Also its input axis and the output shaft on the identical spool thread, this do not have in the use many inconveniently. Not only Beijing Institute of Technology develops in successful stable motion speed reducer gear to have outside three link reduction gear merit, but also has the big power/weight (or volume) the ratio, as well as the input axis and the output shaft on identical spool thread merit, is at the domestic leading position.The home has the minority college and the factory and mining enterprise does the research work to in stable motion gear drive certain principles, has published some research paper, in has done some work using the cycloidal tooth crop rotation stable motion reduction gear.Second, the stable motion speed reducer gear principle of work synopsis, the stable motion speed reducer gear is refers to in a counter gear transmission, a gear in the stable motion generator actuation mean plane parallel motion, meshing through tooth profile between, actuates another tooth crop rotation dead axle to decelerate the rotation, the realization reduction gear function.The stable motion generator may use the parallelogram organization, either sine organization or cross slide organization.This achievement uses the parallelogram organization to take the stable motion generator. The stable motion generator may be the hypothesized use parallelogram organization, also may be the entity use parallelogram organization.Has the practical value stable motion gear mechanism for in counter gear organization, therefore may divide into the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement and the external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement two kind of situations.Outside the stable motion gear reduction organization, its internal tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuates the external gear and makes the deceleration rotation output.This organization also calls three links (gear) the reduction gear. As a result of the internal tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers establish outside the annular gear tooth ring, therefore its size is not compact, cannot solve the volume major problem.? In stable motion gear reduction, its external tooth crop rotation stable motion movement, actuation internal tooth crop rotation deceleration rotation output.As a result of the external tooth crop rotation stable motion, two crank centers can establish in the external gear tooth ring, reduced the organization overall size greatly. Because in stable motion gear mechanism transmission efficiency high, volume small, input output coaxial line, therefore by widespread application prospect.Third, this project technical characteristic and key technologies? 1. this project technical characteristics, in this new stable motion speed reducer gear and domestic and foreign had the speed reducer gear compares, has the following characteristic: (1) velocity ratio scope is big, gets up from I=10, may reach most greatly several thousand.If manufactures the great velocity ratio the reduction gear, then demonstrates this reduction gear the merit.(2) transmission power scope is big: And may connect a body manufacture with the electric motor. (3) structure simple, the volume small, the weight is light.Reduces about 1/3 compared to the existing speed reducer gear.(4) mechanical efficiency is high.95 (5) this reduction gear input axis and the output shaft are on the identical spool thread.This reduction gear see Table 1 with other reduction gear performance comparison. Because lacks the data, various reduction gears power/load ratio which in the table arranges in order is most superior.? Table 1? Each kind of reduction gear comparison model power (kw) reduction gear ratio quality (kg) QI-450? 93 31.5 1820 ZSY-250? 95 31.5 540 NGW-92 88.1 31.5 577 SEW (Germany)? 90 28.61 1300 NP-100? 100 30 400 Note: NP-100 is in the stable motion speed reducer gear, the SEW reduction gear quality contains the electrical machinery.2. this project key technologies? May know by Figure 2, in “stable motion speed reducer gear is by annular gear Z2, external gear Z1 and the parallelogram organization combination becomes.Its transmission principle is: The electrical machinery input rotary motion, the external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, its center of circle path is a circle, makes the dead axle rotation with it meshing annular gear. Because external tooth crop rotation parallel migration, therefore name stable motion gear mechanism.The gear parallel migration needs to have the auxiliary body help realization, may use (612) to sell the axis, the roller takes the hypothesized auxiliary stable motion organization, also may use the eccentric shaft to take the entity auxiliary stable motion organization.In the stable motion speed reducer gear key technologies and the essential craft are the composition parallelogram component size computation and the request processing precision, the gear teeth main parameter choice. These factors will all affect the transmission ability and the transmission quality.Overall speaking, the group cost reduction gear various spare parts all request to have the high precision, they will be deciding the reduction gear overall transmis3. this project survey this project has obtained the Chinese practical new patent, the patent number: ZL95227767.0? .? This project trial produced the first prototype from 1995 (power 2.5kW, after velocity ratio I=32), with some factory and mine cooperation, has one after another designed following several kind of different powers, the different velocity ratio reduction gear.(1) electrically operated on rollers gate uses the reduction gear, power 550W, velocity ratio I=26, is united as one body with the electrical machinery.sion quality. (2) mixer uses the reduction gear, power 370W, velocity ratio I=17.(3) some military goods use two kind of reduction gears, one kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=23.5; Another kind of power 370W, velocity ratio I=103 two level of transmission reduction gear.(4) steel mill large package rotary abutment reduction gear, power 7.5kw, velocity ratio I=64.(5) steel mill table reduction gear, power 7.5kw, transmission I=11. In this patent foundation, has developed one kind of new ultra-large reduction gear, the power may reach 1000kw, at present is developing subminiature (outlook size for a millimeter level) miniature reduction gear. Graduation design task First, a design Monorail Driver Design reducer Second, the design of the original data 1 Monorail drive reducer Power Rating: 7.5 KW; 2 Monorail reducer drive the total transmission ratio: 15 around; 3 Monorail reducer drive car driven by the side of the output shaft from the race distance of not more than 200 mm; 4 Monorail reducer drive the total length of less than 420 mm, the width is not more than 450 mm and the total height of not more than 690 mm; Third, the equipment and the working environment This can be used to mine underground, open-air, dust, humidity, air quality, bad comparison bad work environment, and the operational requirements of a safe space. Fourth, the design requirements To meet the application requirements under the premise that the minimum cost of manufacturing. From the following aspects considered; (L) to streamline the shape of each parts, machinery simple structure; (2) merge the functions of spare parts, reducing the types or quantities of spare parts; (3) Application of the new structure, new technology, new materials, product reliability; (4) decomposition components, its assembly, the assembly of the most simple structure; (5) similar to parts of the division; (6) standards for similar products by product serial number sequence analysis; (7) The realization of the common parts of the product and standardization. (8) assembly equipment design a map (0), the Six Parts (3), the design specification of a (not less than 30,000 words), and the design of technical and economic analysis.中文译文一、 什么是减速器减速器是一种动力传达机构，利用齿轮的速度转换器，将马达的回转数减速到所要的回转数，并得到较大转矩的机构。1、减速器的作用 1）降速同时提高输出扭矩，扭矩输出比例按电机输出乘减速比，但要注意不能超出减速器额定扭矩。 2） 减速同時降低了负载的惯量，惯量的减少为减速比的平方。大家可以看一下一般电机都有一个惯量数值。2、减速器的种类 一般的减速器有斜齿轮减速器(包括平行轴斜齿轮减速器、蜗轮减速器、锥齿轮减速器等等)、行星齿轮减速器、摆线针轮减速器、蜗轮蜗杆减速器、行星摩擦式机械无级变速机等等。3、常见减速器 1） 蜗轮蜗杆减速器的主要特点是具有反向自锁功能，可以有较大的减速比，输入轴和输出轴不在同一轴线上，也不在同一平面上。但是一般体积较大，传动效率不高，精度不高。 2） 谐波减速器的谐波传动是利用柔性元件可控的弹性变形来传递运动和动力的，体积不大、精度很高，但缺点是柔轮寿命有限、不耐冲击，刚性与金属件相比较差。输入转速不能太高。 3） 行星减速器其优点是结构比较紧凑，回程间隙小、精度较高，使用寿命很长，额定输出扭矩可以做的很大。但价格略贵一、对装配前零件的要求 ：1.滚动轴承用汽油清洗，其他零件用煤油清洗。所有零件和箱体内不许有任何杂质存在。箱体内壁和齿轮（蜗轮）等未加工表面先后涂两次不被机油侵蚀的耐油漆，箱体外表面先后涂底漆和颜色油漆（按主机要求配色）。 2.零件配合面洗净后涂以润滑油二、安装和调整的要求 1.滚动轴承的安装滚动轴承安装时轴承内圈应紧贴轴肩，要求缝隙不得通过0.05mm 厚的塞尺。 2.轴承轴向游隙对游隙不可调整的轴承（如深沟球轴承），其轴向游隙为0.250.4mm；对游隙可调整的轴承轴向游隙数值见表。点击查看圆锥滚子轴承轴向游隙；角接触球轴承轴向游隙 3.齿轮（蜗轮）啮合的齿侧间隙可用塞尺或压铅法。即将铅丝放在齿槽上，然后转动齿轮而压扁铅丝，测量两齿侧被压扁铅丝厚度之和即为齿侧的大小。 4.齿面接触斑点圆柱齿轮齿面接触斑点2-10-4；圆锥齿轮齿面接触斑点2-11-4；蜗杆传动接触斑点2-12-4 三、密封要求 1.箱体剖分面之间不允许填任何垫片，但可以涂密封胶或水玻璃以保证密封； 2.装配时，在拧紧箱体螺栓前，应使用0.05mm的塞尺检查箱盖和箱座结合面之间的密封性； 3.轴伸密封处应涂以润滑脂。各密封装置应严格按要求安装四、润滑要求 1.合理确定润滑油和润滑脂类型和牌号 2.轴承脂润滑时，润滑脂的填充量一般为可加脂空间的1/22/3。 3.润滑油应定期更换，新减速器第一次使用时，运转714天后换油，以后可以根据情况每隔36个月换一次油。五、试验要求 1.空载运转：在额定转速下正、反运转12小时； 2.负荷试验：在额定转速、额定负荷下运转，至油温平衡为止。对齿轮减速
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