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ROULUNDSDESIGN MANUALThe Quality choice for any transmissionThis manual provides information on ROULUNDSbelt types as well as instructions on designing ofdrives with V-belts or flat belts.In the calculation and design of a belt drive there areoften several options as regards selection of belttype. This selection is decisive for the design of abelt drive that provides the optimum operation andlife and ensures the lowest possible costs of estab-lishment and maintenance.The many belt types produced by ROULUNDS aredivided into programmes, which are describedbriefly in the PROGRAMME KEYBelt types are selected by means of the informationin this key. A detailed description of the selectedbelt type can be foundt on the programme in ques-tion in thePRODUCT SPECIFICATIONSIn the following calculation of the drive it should bechecked whether or not the selected belt type provi-des an optimum solution. This means that it willoften be necessary to repeat the calculations with adifferent type of belt than the one first selected.V-belt pulleys and lengths are now defined by meansof the DATUM-system, which is subject to ISO 1081-1980. This system is described in the section on ter-minology.ROULUNDS technicians will advise on all questionsconcerning belt drives and suggest solutions to spe-cific drive problems. This service also includes thebelt types which are not included in the manualinstructions on designing.A/S Roulunds Fabriker, DK-5260 Odense S, Denmark.Tel. (+45) 63 11 50 00, Fax (+45) 66 11 23 80 ROULUNDS DESIGN MANUALCONTENTSPAGEProduct features4Design of V-belt drivesDesignations and explanations applied5Calculation procedure6Questionnaire9Calculation example11Table values and explanations of calculation procedureService factor, point 1, table 115Selection of belt cross section, point 2, diagrams 1-516Pulley diameters, point 4, tables 2, 2a, 3 and 3a19Installation and take-up allowance, point 7, tables 4 and 521Belt length correction factor, point 11, table 623Arc of contact correction factor, point 12, table 724Installation belt tension, point 1425Checking the belt tension26Installation tension of joined V-belts26Shaft load, point 1527Drives with tension idler, point 1628Drives with nonparallel shafts, point 1729Fully turned drives, point 1830V-flat drives, point 1931Installation - maintenance - storage34Belt tension35Maintenance and storage38TerminologyDATUM, EFFECTIVE and PITCH systems38V-belt section and length40Dimension tablesV-belts, programmes 10 - 2341Variable speed V-belts, programmes 40 and 4144Multi-rib belts, programme 3345Synchronous belts, programme 3445Pulley groove dimensions, tables 21-2546Drives with flat belts50Belt constructions54Standards574In ROULUNDS belt programmes the features of thestandard types are characterized by the followingexpressions.The design of the individual belt types is described inthe section BELT CONSTRUCTIONS, page 54.TOLERANCE STABLE TSmeans that V-belts marked with the sameNo./dimension and TS can be appliedwithout sorting in matching belt sets witha tolerance on the belt length accordingto ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 2215, DIN7753/1 etc.TOLERANCE CODE NO.For those V-belt types which are not TS, a code No. is usedwhich indicates the belt length relative to the nominal beltlength. The difference between one code No. (e.g. 50) andthe next (51) is 2 mm.The section on installation, page 34, includes a descriptionof how belts with a code No. should be sorted for matchedbelt sets.OILA brief exposure to oil or fatty substances has no influenceon the life and operation of the belts.If the drive cannot be screened offfrom or protected against persistent oilsprays or oil vapours, its life and ope-rating capacity will be reduced. Forthis kind of operating environment we recommend selectingan extra oil resistant belt type, see the PROGRAMME KEY.TEMPERATUREThe permissible temperature range is listed in thePROGRAMME KEY.It generally applies that a V-belt drive operates satisfactorilywithin the following limits:Wrapped V-belts -40 - +70CRaw-edge V-belts -35 - +90CHowever, we recommend that good air circulation bemaintained in the drive under all conditions.As regards nonstandard types, supplementary descrip-tions may be used for the special features of these spe-cific types. That will appear from the product descripti-on in the individual programmes.MARKINGExample: Classical V-beltsANTISTATICmeans that static electricity is conducted away from the dri-ve, provided that it is effectively earthed.ROULUNDS belt products are antistatic as standard accor-ding to ISO - 1813, as indicated in the individual program-mes and in the PROGRAMME KEY.A certificate to that effect will be issued on request.PRODUCT FEATURESProduction codeV-belt sectionInside belt length in inches.Belt No.Section top width in mm.Inside belt length in mm.Datum belt length in mm.RESISTANT TO OIL AND TEMPERATURE5DESIGN OF V-BELT DRIVESYou can calculate industrial drives withROFLEX belt types by the following procedure.If the drives are for agricultural machinery or spe-cial drives and drives for mass production, we rec-ommend that you contact ROULUNDS technicaldepartment which has experts ready to assist youwith advice on how to achieve the optimum solu-tion for your belt drive tasks, for example byrunning ROFLEX calculation programs but also onthe basis of many years practical experience.DESIGNATIONS AND UNITSAPPLIEDaNumber of pulleys in the driveBWidth of pulleymmBFWidth of flat pulleymmbdCorrection supplement to datum-diameter for V-belt pulleymmbeCorrection reduction of effective-diameter for V-belt pulleymmCCentre distancemmc1Service factorc2Belt length correction factorc3Arc of contact correction factor on smaller V-belt pulleyc4Correction factor for tension idlerc5Arc of contact correction factor ina V-flat driveDFDiameter of flat pulleymmDFDCalculated datum-diameter of flat pulleymmDFPCalculated pitch-diameter of flat pulleymmDFECalculated effective-diameter offlat pulleymmDtSupplement for belt heightmmDeEffective-diameter of largerV-belt pulleymmDdDatum-diameter of largerV-belt pulleymmDpPitch-diameter of largerV-belt pulleymmdeEffective-diameter of smallerV-belt pulleymmddDatum-diameter of smallerV-belt pulleymmdpPitch-diameter of smallerV-belt pulleymm6fDeflection frequencyHzhHeight difference between shafts inturned drivesmmiSpeed ratioKDeflection force per beltNk1Tensioning factor for belt tensionk2Factor for centrifugal forcekg/mlSpan length of beltmmLaOutside V-belt lengthmmLdDatum V-belt lengthmmLeEffective V-belt lengthmm or 1/10 inchLiInside V-belt lengthmmLmMean V-belt lengthmmPMPower consumption of driven unitor motor outputkWPNPower rating per V-beltkWPDDesign powerkWn1Revolutions of smaller V-beltpulleyrev/minn2Revolutions of largerV-belt pulleyrev/minSdynShaft load, dynamicNSstatShaft load, staticNTstatBelt tension per belt, staticNTSection height of V-beltmmvBelt speedm/szNumber of V-beltspiecesxAdjustment of centre distancefor take-upmmyAdjustment of centre distancefor installationmmArc of contact on smaller V-belt pulley Deflection of span lengthmmAngle between pulleys indrives with nonparallel shafts3.1416hp0.736 kWkp9.815 Ninch25.4 mmCALCULATION PROCEDURE 1.Service factor c1Table 1, page 15.Choose from the table the operating condi-tions which best correspond to the actualoperating conditions for the drive.2.Belt sectionis selected on the basis of diagrams 1 - 5,page 16 - 18.As a principal rule, narrow V-belts should beused for new drives. This gives the mosteconomical and least space demandingdesign.For high-speed drives, or where small pulleydiameters are required, ROFLEX RE-X pro-grammes 10 and 17 and ROFLEX-X pro-grammes 12 and 16 will usually provide theoptimum solution.When selecting belt type and section, therecommended maximum belt speed v m/smust be taken into consideration. Thisspeed is listed on the data sheet for the belttype in question, in the PROGRAMME KEYand in the DIMENSION TABLES, page 41 -43.73.Speed ratio iis the ratio of the rev/min of the smaller to thatof the larger V-belt pulleyi =n1n2or the ratio of the pitch-diameter of the largerto that of the smaller pulley.i =DpdpFor calculation of pitch-diameter, see point 4.Having selected the V-belt pulley diameters,check that the speed ratio is as desired.4.V-belt pulley diameters dd/dpand Dd/DpmmTables 2 and 3 on page 19 - 20 indicate thestandard datum- and effective-diameters.We recommend selecting as large diametersas practically possible in order to obtain betterpower transmission at higher belt speeds.The diameter of the smaller V-belt pulley isselected from the table. The diameter of thelarger V-belt pulley is calculated as follows:Dd= dd i mmStandard diameters should always be selec-ted if at all possible.The PITCH-diameter is used for an exact cal-culation of the speed ratio i, point 3, and thebelt speed v, point 8.These are calculated from the datum-diameteror the effective-diameter:dp= dd+ 2bdmm dp= de- 2bemmDp= Dd+ 2bdmm Dp= De- 2bemmCorrection supplement/reduction 2bdand 2be,see tables 2a and 3a on page 20.For most drives it is sufficiently accurate touse datum-diameters when calculating thespeed ratio and belt speed.V-belt pulley groove dimensions are shown intables 21 - 25 on page 43 - 46.5.Centre distance C mm The centre distance should be selected withinthis range:C 0,7 (dd+ Dd) mmC 0.7 (dd+ Dd) mmC 0,7(150 + 224) C 262 mmC 2(150 + 224) C 670 -10001821142127101000 -132019222716232943131320 -166221242918253044171662 -224024273239212833364147222240 -300028313543243137404551303000 -355030333846273440434854363550 -45003538435132394448526259454500 -56004144485637445053586764565600 -6700465462505559637370676700 -8500556371596468728279858500 - 10000707866727580898610010000 -11800798775818489989511811800 - 1350088968489939710713513500 - 1500095103919710310511415015000 - 1610010110997102106110120160INSTALLATION AND TAKE-UP ALLOWANCE, POINT 7Table 4 ROFLEX V-belts programmes 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17.22The adjustments in table 5 are guidelines. If aspecific calculation of x and y is required, usethese formulas:x =0,01 Lemmsin2y =0,005 Le+ Tmmsin2Le= Effective belt length mmT = Section height mm = Arc of contact = 3,1416CxyEffectivebelt lengthLemm1100 224036465536222240 -35504353624359363550 -450058674864454500 -56006372885369100565600 -670069789475106676700 -8500788710384115858500 - 1000011012210010000 -1180011913111811800 - 1350012814013513500 - 1500013514715015000 - 16000140152160Minimum adjustment y mmHA/AHB/BHC/CHD/D3V/9J5V/15J8V/25JMinimum take-upx mmAll sectionsTable 5 ROFLEX joined V-belts, programme 23.23The length factor c2expresses the deflection fre-quency which the V-belt is subjected to whenpassing over the pulleys.The table values for power rating PNkW per beltare based on a reference or basic belt length.Table 6 Belt length correction factor c2Where belt lengths differ from that length, thedeflection frequency and thus also the factor c2arechanged.The reference length is listed against c2= 1.00.c2Narrow V-beltsSPZSPASPBSPCS198VZ/10A/13B/1720C/2225D/32E/40XPZXPAXPBXPCZXAXBXCX3V5V10X13X17X22X3VX5VX0.804655519151.4531.6221.6532976668751.2161.4481.7352.3202.5780.814966959771.5511.2411.7653127009201.2791.5231.8242.4402.7120.825297411.0421.6551.3241.8833287369671.3451.6011.9182.5652.8510.835657911.1121.7651.4122.0083457741.0171.4141.6832.0162.6972.9970.846028431.1851.8811.5052.1413628131.0691.4861.7692.1192.8343.1500.856428981.2632.0051.6042.2823818541.1231.5611.8592.2272.9783.3100.866849571.3462.1361.7092.4314008971.1791.6401.9532.3393.1283.4770.877281.0191.4332.2751.8202.5894209431.2391.7222.0512.4573.2863.6520.887751.0851.5262.4221.9382.7564419901.3011.8092.1542.5803.4503.8350.898251.1551.6242.5772.0622.9334631.0391.3661.8992.2612.7083.6224.0260.908771.2281.7272.7422.1943.1204861.0911.4331.9932.3732.8423.8024.2250.919331.3061.8372.9162.3333.3195101.1441.5042.0912.4902.9833.9894.4340.929921.3891.9533.1002.4803.5285351.2011.5782.1942.6133.1294.1854.6520.931.0541.4762.0753.2952.6363.7495611.2601.6552.3022.7413.2834.3904.8800.941.1201.5682.2053.5002.8003.9845891.3211.7352.4142.8743.4434.6045.1180.951.1901.6662.3423.7182.9744.2316171.3851.8202.5813.0143.6104.8285.3660.961.2631.7682.4873.9473.1584.4926471.4521.9082.6533.1593.7845.0615.6250.971.3411.8772.6394.1903.3524.7686781.5222.0002.7813.3113.9665.3045.8950.981.4231.9922.8014.4453.5555.0697111.5952.0952.9143.4704.1565.5586.1780.991.5092.1122.9714.7153.7725.3667451.6712.1953.0533.6354.3545.8236.4731.001.6002.2403.1505.0004.0005.6907801.7502.3003.1983.8084.5616.1006.7801.011.6952.3753.3395.3004.2406.0328171.8332.4093.3493.9564.7776.3687.1011.021.7972.5163.5395.6174.4946.3928551.9192.5223.5074.1765.0026.6897.4351.031.9042.6663.7495.9514.7616.7728952.0092.6403.6714.3725.2367.0037.7831.042.0172.8233.9716.3025.0427.1729372.1032.7643.8434.5765.4817.3308.1471.052.1352.9894.2046.6735.3387.5949812.2012.8924.0214.7885.7357.6718.5261.062.2603.1644.4507.0635.6518.0381.0262.3023.0264.2085.0106.0018.0268.9201.072.3923.3484.7097.4745.9798.5051.0742.4093.1664.4025.2416.2788.3969.3321.082.5303.5424.9817.9076.3258.9981.1232.5193.3114.6045.4826.5668.7819.7601.092.6763.7465.2688.3626.6899.5161.1742.6343.4524.8145.7326.8669.18310.2061.102.8293.9615.5708.8417.07310.0611.2282.7543.6205.0335.9947.1799.60110.6711.112.9904.1865.8879.34410.6341.2832.8793.7845.2626.2657.50410.03611.1551.123.1604.4246.2219.87411.2371.3413.0093.9555.4996.5487.84310.49011.6591.133.3384.6736.57210.43111.8711.4023.1454.1335.7476.8438.19610.96212.1841.143.5254.9356.94011.01612.5371.4643.2864.3186.0047.1508.56311.48312.7301.153.7225.2117.32811.63213.2371.5303.4324.5116.2727.4698.94511.96413.2981.163.9295.5007.73512.27813.9721.5983.5854.7116.5517.8019.34312.49613.8891.174.1468.16312.95714.7451.6693.7444.9206.8418.1469.75713.04914.5041.184.3748.61213.66915.5561.7423.9095.1377.1438.50510.18713.62415.1431.194.6149.08314.41716.4071.8194.0805.3637.4568.87910.63414.22315.8081.204.8659.57815.2031.8984.2595.5977.7839.26711.10014.84516.5001.215.12910.09716.0271.9814.4445.8418.1229.67111.58315.4921.225.40510.64115.5512.0674.6676.0956.47410.09112.03515.1641.235.69511.2132.1554.8386.3588.84110.52712.60915.8631.246.00011.8122.2495.0466.6329.22110.98013.152Classical V-beltsBELT LENGTH CORRECTION FACTOR c2, POINT 1124The V-belt power rating PNkW/belt is based on a180 arc of contact. If the arc of contact is smaller,the power transmission capability is reduced andPNis adjusted by multiplying the read table valueby factor c3.Correction factor c3is listed in table 7- for wrapped V-belts, programmes 11, 15.- for raw-edge V-belts, programmes 10, 12, 16,17.For those drives in which effective-diameters De/demm are used, these values must be used inthe calculations.CD dd dDd- ddCAngle c3, wrappedc3, raw-edge0.0000.400.500.600.700.800.901.0001.401.501801741691631571511451391331271201131069991831.000.990.990.980.980.970.960.950.940.920.910.890.870.850.820.781.001.000.990.990.990.980.980.970.970.960.950.940.920.900.880.85ARC OF CONTACT CORRECTION FACTOR c3, POINT 12Table 7, Arc of contact correction factor c3.Dd=Datum-diameter of larger V-belt pulley mmdd=Datum-diameter of smaller V-belt pulley mm =Arc of contact on smaller V-belt pulley 25BELT TENSION, POINT 14It is essential to the operation and life of V-beltsthat they are installed with the necessary tensionand that this tension is maintained.Excessive belt tension results in poorer efficiencyand an increased, unnecessary load on the belt.This means shorter belt life and extra load on shaftbearings etc.Insufficient belt tension reduces the power trans-mission capability. Any slip between belt profileand pulley groove causes extra wear of the beltedges and increased heat build-up in the belts.This means faster destruction of the belts and thustoo short life.We therefore recommend calculating the neces-sary static belt tension Tstataccording to the follow-ing formula:Tstat= 500 k1 PM+ k2 v2N/beltz vk1= Tension factor, table 8.k2= Factor for centrifugal force kg/m, table 9,page 23.PM= Power consumption or rated output of themotor kWz= Number of V-beltsv= Belt speed m/sWhen installing new belts, we recommend a belttension of 1.3 Tstatin order to compensate for theinitial belt tension drop which occurs during the firsthours of operation.The belt tension should then be checked periodi-cally, see the section on installation and mainte-nance, page 34 - 38.1801.501.732.031.501.732.031751.511.732.031.511.742.041701.511.742.041.521.752.061651.521.752.051.541.772.081601.531.752.061.551.792.101551.531.762.071.571.802.121501.541.772.081.591.832.141451.551.792.101.611.852.171401.571.802.121.631.882.201351.581.822.131.661.902.241301.601.842.161.681.942.271251.621.862.181.721.972.321201.641.882.211.752.012.361151.661.912.241.792.062.421101.691.942.281.832.112.481051.721.982.321.882.172.541001.752.022.371.942.232.62951.802.072.432.002.302.70901.852.122.492.082.392.80Table 8 Tension factor k1Arc of contact Programmes 10, 12, 16, 17Operating conditionsOperating conditionsLight drives Constant loadk1Mean loadk1Heavy drivesShock loadk1Light drivesConstant loadk1Mean loadk1Heavy drivesShock loadk1Programmes 11, 15, 20, 2326CHECKING THE BELT TENSIONWhen the V-belt set has been installed, the belttension can be checked in the following, simpleway, which provides adequate security that the belttension is correct.Apply a calculated force K at the centre of the spanl. This force shall be sufficient for deflecting thebelt 15 mm per 1000 mm of span. K must beapplied perpendicularly to the belt.K= 0,06 x TstatNK= Deflection force per belt NTstat= Static tension per belt N, see page 25.Span length of belt l mml = C sin mm2C = Centre distance mm = Arc of contact , see table 7, page 24Deflection mm =l 15mm1000A practical procedure for checking the belt tensionis shown in the section “Installation”, page 34.JOINED V-BELTSThe method with the deflection force and deflectionof a belt cannot be used for checking the belt ten-sion of joined V-belts.We recommend using the following procedurewhich is based on an elastic belt extension corre-sponding to the static belt tension Tstat.1.The joined V-belt is installed on the pulleysand stretched so slightly that in reality it hasno tension. l2ClKProgrammeBelt sectionXPZXPAXPBXPCSPZSPASPBS19SPC8V100.0650.1050.1900.325110.0650.1150.2000.2750.3500.520120.0600.1000.1800.320ZX/10XAX/13XBX/17XCX/22X160.0550.0800.1650.250170.0600.0900.1800.255Z/10A/13B/1720C/222532D/32E/40150.0580.1040.1720.2390.2820.3660.5910.958200.1040.1720.2390.2820.3660.5190.591HA/AHB/BHC/CHD/D3V/9J5V/15J8V/25J230.1540.2370.4060.7500.0950.2500.637Table 9 Factor for centrifugal force k2kg/m272.The belt length L is measured with a tapemeasure placed on the outside of the belt.Then the necessary belt extension is calcu-lated - length correction Lk- to achieve theproper belt tension.The length correction Lkis calculatedaccording to the following principle:Lk=Tstat LmmckTstat= Static tension per belt N, see page25L= Measured outside belt length mmck= Extension factor, see table 10Tabel 10 Extension factor ck_Belt sectionck_HA/A53.000_HB/B75.000_HC/C104.000_HD/D161.000_3V/9J37.000_5V/1575.000_8V/25J127.000_3.The outside belt length Lain tensionedcondition is calculated as follows:La= L + Lkmm4.Then tension the belt until it has reached thecalculated outside length LammSubsequent periodic checking of the belt tension iscarried out by slackening the belt until it is withouttension, point 1. Then follow the procedure as de-scribed in points 2 - 4.SHAFT LOAD, POINT 15Based on the necessary belt tension, the static anddynamic shaft loads can be calculated according tothe following formulas:Static shaft load Sstat NSstat= 2 z Tstat sin N2z = Number of V-beltsTstat= Static belt tension N, see page 86= Arc of contact on smaller pulleyTable 7, page 24.Dynamic shaft load SdynNSdyn= 707 PM k12+ 1 - (k12- 1) cos NvPM= Power consumption or rated output of themotor kWv= Belt speed m/sk1= Tension factor, table 8, page 25.= Arc of contact on smaller pulleyTable 7, page 24.The dynamic shaft load is used for dimensioningshafts and bearings.T1= Effective belt force in tight belt part NT2= Effective belt force in slack belt part NSdyn= Dynamic shaft load NS dynT 1T 228It may be necessary to install an additional idler ortensioning idler on V-belt drives for several rea-sons, for example where you have:FIXED CENTRE DISTANCEAn adjustable tensioning idler has to provide theretensioning facility necessary for installing V-beltsand securing the tension.DESIGN DETAILSThe V-belts can be guided around fixed structuralparts of the machine by means of an idler.LARGE CENTRE DISTANCEBy applying a slight pressure an idler is able todamp any vibrations in the slack belt part whichensures that the V-belts do not keel over whenentering the groove of the driven pulley.SMALL ARC OF CONTACTThe arc of contact can be increased by means ofan outside idler, thereby reducing the risk of slip-page.NONPARALLEL SHAFTSProper entry into the pulley groove can be ensuredby means of a tensioning idler or guide idler.COUPLING FEATUREThe drive can be engaged or disengaged bymeans of an idler system which establishes thebelt tension with springs or hydraulics.With extremely varying loads, such a system isalso able to safeguard against overloading of thedrive and machine parts.An idler will apply additional load to the belts andshould be omitted if technically possible.The following principal rules are recommended forthe placing of an idler system:The idler should act on the “slack” part of the beltdrive, if possible. This will reduce the load on theidler system and the belts to a minimum.This means that tensioning idlers should not beused in reversible drives.An inside idler for belt types within programmes10, 11, 12, 16 and 17 should be constructed as aV-belt pulley. For programmes 15, 20, 21 and 23 itmay be constructed as a flat pulley.However, a V-belt pulley should always be used fordrives with a large centre distance in order toachieve lateral control of the V-belts.An inside idler reduces the arc of contact on thepulleys. We recommend that it be placed such thatit produces the same arc of contact on both pulleysregardless of how it is set within its adjustmentrange.An outside idler may be constructed as a flat pulleywith a cylindrical face. It increases the arc of con-tact on the pulleys but the possibility of retension-ing is often limited, and the take-up allowanceshould therefore be checked in relation to tables 4-5, page 21 - 22.The idler should be placed with the greatest possi-ble distance Ca from the pulley where the belts arerunning in. The reason for this is that a flat pulleydoes not control the V-belts laterally, which mayresult in sidewards tracking.C aDriven pullyDriven pullyDRIVES WITH TENSIONING IDLER, POINT 1629DIAMETER OF IDLERSThe diameter of an inside idler must as a minimumbe equal to the diameter of the smaller pulley inthe drive.The diameter of an outside idler must as a mini-mum be 1.4 the diameter of the smaller pulley.We recommend using a diameter larger than thestated minimum if that is technically possible. Thiswill reduce the extra load always applied by theidlers to the V-belts.IDLER CONSTRUCTIONInside idlers with grooves should be made inaccordance with the applicable standard for V-beltpulleys, see tables 21 - 25, page 46 - 49.An outside or inside idler constructed as a flat pul-ley must have a cylindrical face, i.e. not convex.From a technical point of view, the drive will oftenoperate better if idlers with flanges are used. Anyrounding between flanges and face must be avoid-ed, since that may cause the belts to pull up thesides of the flanges and capsize.Distance between flanges bs mmbs=1.5 top width of V-belt profile + width ofpulley B mm.as regards the V-belt sections D/32 and E/40:bs=1.3 x top width of V-belt profile + width ofpulley B mm.CALCULATION OF DRIVEBelt lengthIt will usually be necessary to calculate the beltlength according to a drawing of the drive.Check that the idler movement provides the adjust-ment facility necessary for installation and take-upallowance, see tables 4 and 5 on page 21 - 22.Correction factor for idler c4An idler will have a negative influence on V-beltlife. To compensate for that, the correction factorc4is inserted into the formula for calculating therequired number of belts.Table 11 Correction factor for idler c4Numberc4of idlers10.9120.8630.81The number of V-belts is then calculated as fol-lows:z =PM c1PN c2 c3 c4For further information, see point 13, page 8.DRIVES WITH NONPARALLELSHAFTS, POINT 17are also termed turned drives.When the following guidelines are observed, thistype of drive operates well but shorter belt life rela-tive to a traditional drive must be expected.Our technical department gives advice on design,dimensioning and, if necessary, selection of specialbelts which have been designed to absorb theextra loads.b sc Driving pullyHorizontal shaftVertical shaftTight belt partD dBhd dh30Drives with 30 - 90 angle between theshafts.1.Minimum centre distance C mmAt = 90C min. = 5,5 (Dd+ B) mmAt = 45C min. = 4 (Dd+ B) mmAt = 30C min. = 3 (Dd+ B) mmDd= Datum-diameter of larger pulley mmB = Width of pulley mm2.The speed ratio ishould not exceed i = 2.5.If a greater speed ratio is required, the po-wer has to be transmitted in two stages, e.g.first a traditional drive and then a turned.3.Height difference h mmThe centre line of the horizontal shaft mustbe h mm higher than the centre line of thepulley on the vertical shaft.The size of h is changed in relation to thecentre distance C, see table 12.Table 12Centre distanceClassicalNarrowC mmV-beltsV-beltsh mmh mm- 1500531501 - 20001082001 - 250015103001 - 350030203501 - 400035254001 - 450045354501 - 500060405001 - 550070505501 - 600085554.Direction of rotationThe direction of rotation is selected suchthat the tight belt part is at the bottom of thedrive.5.PulleysBoth pulleys must be with grooves accordingto standard, see tables 21 - 25 on page 46 - 49.For drives with a single V-belt, we recom-mend using deep groove pulleys, see table22, page 47.6.CalculationThe calculation of the drive follows the pro-cedure described in points 1-15, page 5 - 8.FULLY TURNED DRIVE, POINT 18The shafts are parallel and the V-belt turned 180,thereby producing a reversal of the direction ofrotation of one of the shafts.The following guidelines should be followed whenestablishing a fully turned V-belt drive.1.Minimum length of belt part l mml min. = 6 (Dd+ B) mmDd= Datum-diameter of larger pulley mmB = Width of pulley mm, tables 21 - 25,page 46 - 49.2.Guide idlerTo avoid mutual wear where the two beltparts are crossing each other, a guide idlercan be installed on the slack belt part nearthe point of intersection.Raw-edge belt types with inside coggingmust be turned such that the belt top of thetwo belt parts are facing each other.3.Calculation of drivefollows the procedure described on page 5 - 8, with the exception of point 6, beltlength, which is calculated as follows:Ld= 2 C + 1,57 (Dd + dd) + (Dd + dd)2 mm4 ClCD dd d31V-FLAT DRIVES, POINT 19This type of drive is used when it is desirable tochange a flat belt drive into a V-belt drive, becauseit is often most economical to retain the flat pulleywhich is also serving as flywheel in many cases.Moreover, it could be advantageous to use thistype of drive in new constructions, because of thecost of manufacturing large V-belt pulleys.The following ROFLEX programmes can be usedfor V-FLAT drives:15 Classical V-belts20 - -21 Double V-belts23 Joined V-belts.As regards programmes 20 and 21, please contactour technical department.Narrow V-belts should not be used because of therelatively small bottom width of the belt sections,which may result in the V-belts capsizing.However, this does not apply to joined V-belts inprogramme 23.A V-FLAT drive does not exploit the power trans-mission capability of the belts as a drive with twoV-belt pulleys. Special conditions and factorstherefore need to be included in the calculations.The following guidelines must be observed toensure an efficient, functional drive.1.The smaller pulley must be a V-belt pulleywith grooves according to standard, seetables 21, 24 and 25, page 46 and 49, or adeep-groove pulley, see table 22 on page47.2.The flat pulley must have a straight/cylin-drical belt face.3.The speed ratio must be at least i = 3.i =n1=DFP3n2 dpn1= Number of revolutions of smaller pul-ley rev/min.n2= Number of revolutions of larger pulleyrev/min.DFP= Calculated pitch-diameter of the flatpulley mm, see page 32.dp= Pitch-diameter of V-belt pulley mm.4.Centre distance C to be selected within thefollowing limits, as determined by the speedratio.at i 5, C = 1,2 (DF- dd) mmat i 5, C = DFmmDF= Diameter of flat pulley mmdd= Datum-diameter of V-belt pulley mmDFp- dp5.At the same time ratio Cshould be within 0,5 - 1,17. As regards DFpand dp, see point 3.The optimal ratio is 0.85.6.The width of the flat pulleys belt face, BF,should as a minimum be as specified intable 15, page 32.When the preconditions 1 - 6 have been sat-isfied, the V-FLAT drive is calculated as de-scribed on page 6 - 8, with the exception of:Point 4,As regards the flat pulley, DF, the calcula-tion diameter is determined as shown onpage 32.Point 6,Belt length; see page 33.Point 12, As regards the arc of contact correctionfactor, use factor c5, table 16, page 33.321234567891015Z/103648607284961081201321441215A/13456075901051201351601651801515B/1755749311213115016918920722619152065881111341571802032262492722315C/22749912615117720222825327930425.51525831121411701992282572863153442915D/32981351722092462833203573944313715E/4011816220725129634038542947450844.523HA/A60769210812413915517118715.8823HB/B729111012914816718620522419.0523HC/C9712314817419922425027530125.423HD/D13316920624227931535238842536.53233V/9J536474849510511512513610.3235V/15J799611413114916618420121817.5238V/25J11714517420223126028831734528.6Table 15 Flat pulley, minimum width of belt face BFmmCALCULATION DIAMETRES OF FLAT PULLEYTable 14, Programme 23BeltHA/AHB/BHC/CHD/DsectionDtp12141824Dte10162230Belt3V/9J5V/15J8V/25JsectionDtp132136Dte122340Example, Programme 15DF= 1200 mm, belt section C/22DFP= 1200 + 26 = 1226 mm.V-BELT PULLEYCalculation of pitch-diameter, see table 2a and 3a,page 20.Calculated diameters are determined with a sup-plement to DFaccording to tables 13 - 14.Datum-diameter DFD= DF+ DtdmmPitch-diameter DFP= DF+ DtpmmEffective-diameterDFE= DF+ DtemmTable 13, Programme 15BeltZ/10A/13B/1720sectionDtd7101416Dtp8121518BeltC/2225D/32E/40sectionDtd21202227Dtp26232730DF = Diameter of flat pully mmDFD = Datum-diameter mmDFP = Pitch-diameter mmDFE = Effectiv-diameter mmProgramme No.Belt sectionSupplementper extrabeltmmNumber of V-belts in belt set33ARC OF CONTACT CORRECTION FACTOR c5The correction factor for the arc of contact on thesmaller pulley differs from that used for drives withtwo V-belt pulleys.The correction factor c5for a V-FLAT drive is listedin table 16 and has to be inserted into the formulain point 13 page 8 instead of factor c3.The calculation diameter of the flat pulley isDFD= DF+ Dtd, see table 13.The following formula is used for joined V-belts:DFE deCDFE= DF+ Dtemm, see table 14.de= Effective-diameter of V-belt pulley mmCALCULATION OF BELT LENGTHDatum belt length LdmmLd= 2 C + 1,57 (dd + DF + Dtd) + (DF + Dtd- dd)2mm4 CC = Centre distance mmdd= Datum-diameter of V-belt pulley mmDF= Diameter of flat pulley mmDtd= Supplement to DF, table 13, page 32Effective belt length LemmLe= 2 C + 1,57 (de + DF + Dte) + (DF + Dte - de)2mm4 CC = Centre distance mmde= Effective-diameter of V-belt pulley mmDF= Diameter of flat pulley mmDte= Supplement to DF, table 14 page 32d dCD FDFD- dd0.00 00.400.500.600.700.800.901.00 01.40CArc ofcontact 1801741691631571511451391331271201131059991c50.75 0.760.780.790.800.810.830.840.850.850.82 0.800.770.730.70Table 16, Arc of contact correction factor c5.34Checking the V-belt pulley groovesGood contact between V-belts and pulley groovesis essential. This is ensured by using pulleysaccording to standard.Worn pulleys should bereplaced in order tosecure proper opera-tion of the drive andlong V-belt life.The grooves of the pul-leys must be clean.Checking V-belt pulleys and shaftsBefore installing the V-belts, check that the pulleysare aligned and the shafts parallel. Sufficientlyaccurate checking can ordinarily be carried out byplacing a straightedge or string along the side ofthe pulleys.Repeat the check after installation and tensioning.Belt setsTS = Tolerance Stable means that the V-belts havebeen manufactured and checked according to thestandard for length tolerance in a matched belt set.ROFLEX V-belts marked with a “TS”, same sec-tion, No. or belt length can therefore be used inbelt sets without prior matching.For those belt types which are not marked with a“TS”, a code No. is used that indicates the beltlength in proportion to the nominal belt length. Acode No. or tolerance group corresponds to 2 mm.ROFLEX V-belts marked with this length code canbe combined in belt sets according to the followingrules:Datum belt length/effective belt lengthMaximum number ofLd/Lemmtolerance groups- 189911900 - 314923150 - 499935000 - 899949000 - 12499612500 - 160007Examples:In a belt set with the datum belt length Ld3091mm, a maximum of two tolerance groups may beused, for example: 49, 50 or 51, 52.If the datum belt length Ldis 7500 mm, a maximumof four tolerance groups may be used, for example:47, 48, 49, 50 or 51, 52, 53, 54.Installation of V-beltsNever lever V-belts over the pulleys, because thatcould damage the power transmitting cords andreduce belt life considerably.Consequently, it must be possible to reduce thecentre distance so much that the V-belts can be fit-ted loosely into the pulley grooves.Adjustment of centre distanceThe centre distance C must be reduced by y mmin order to permit the V-belts to be installed.To establish and maintain proper belt tension, itmust be possible to increase C by x mm.As regards values for x and y, see tables 4-5, page21 - 22.yCxStraightedgeINSTALLATION - MAINTENANCE - STORAGE35BELT TENSIONProper belt tension is vital to the operation of thedrive and the life of the V-belts.To ensure optimum V-belt drive operation, we rec-ommend calculating the belt tension and deflectionforce K N for the drive in question.See the sections on belt tension, page 25, andchecking of belt tension, page 26.The belt tension in most drives can be checkedwith adequate reliability by means of ROULUNDSbelt tension gauge; alternatively a spring balancecan be used.When checking the belt tension, follow this proce-dure:1.When the V-belts have been installed intothe grooves of the pulleys, increase the cen-tre distance until the belts are taut.2.Measure or calculate the span length of thebelts l mm as shown on page 26.3.The deflection is calculated as 15 mm per1000 mm of span.For example, the span l = 900 mm Deflection =900 x 15= 13,5 mm10004.Place the large O-ring on the scale of thebelt tension gauge at the calculated deflec-tion.5.Place the small O-ring at 0 mm.6.Place a straightedge on the pulleys.7.Place the belt tension gauge at the centre ofthe span and perpendicularly to the straight-edge.8.Push down the belt tension gauge until thelarge O-ring is flush with the bottom edge ofthe straightedge.9.Read the deflection force K N on the belttension gauge scale by the small O-ring.10.Compare the K-value reading with the calcu-lated value or the table value for the beltsection of the belt type in question and withthe datum-diameter of the smaller pulley,tables 17 - 20 page 36 - 37.K must be within Kminand Kmaxin the table.For drives with a heavy, pulsating load, werecommend K = Kmax.When the belts are installed for the first time,we recommend multiplying the table valuesfor Kminand Kmaxby 1.3.11.If the K-value reading is too low or too highcompared with the table or calculated value,adjust the centre distance until the correct Kis achieved.12.Start the drive. Let it run for 5 minutes.Check the belt tension, and adjust it if nec-essary.13.After approx. 24 hours of operation, checkthe belt tension. Check it regularly afterthat, and keep it at the recommended value.Joined V-beltsThe procedure for ordinary V-belts cannot be app-lied to checking the belt tension of joined V-belts.We recommend following the procedure describedon page 26.Straightedge2l1 cm23456501000150DeflectionForceLarge O-ringSmal O-ringKDeflectionSpan ld dCentre distance C36Table 17 Deflection force K NTable 18 Deflection force K NDatum-diameterof smallerpulleyddmm405745685012167959561318710812631520142081110157116211723811131780172320279121520152290182423319121622192510019252533293991218242229112192627363445913192524321252027283838511013202726351402027304042561013212828383446160212831424662567522293041395218021293344496663842330324342562003345526969923344456022434465472751003546486325057758010636475066280597885112374852693156180901185571355638294123577340099127597545010313261775001071356378560112139XPZXPAXPBXPCZX/10XAX/13XBX/17XCX/22XKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNProgramme 10Programme 17Datum-diameterof smallerpulleyddmm63913711115801217901419142010015211723112162220261251723223014018242432273716019262635324318020262838374934472002027304040534053224212831414357455953712503243466050656180280334448635471688931534455166587675978811735553686280811041001324005571668487110110145450577269879211512015650059747289961191271655607495991291341736307697103132142181710106135148187860110137155192SPZSPASPBS19SPC8V/25NKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxNNNNNNNNNNNNProgramme 1137Table 19 Deflection force K NTable 20 Deflection force K NDatum-diameterof smallerpulleyddmm40464557508116837561013686106311168147971171131812187101014801419152181012169159016211825811141913191001722212819288111520162211217232331253491117221925125182425332939912182421291401925273634459121925243224341602026283838514358202726353040180202730404256516821282837344520031414560577630393850224324348636484314141542505066699132434458280526975983444476131554718010449643555774841095266400891145469450941195771500981225973560102126XPZXPAXPBXPCZX/10XAX/13XBX/17XCX/22XKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNProgramme 12Programme 16Datum-diameterof smallerpulleyddmm50465656635748716871180799139079111610071013181016112810152013191258111622162314081117231926182616081119252229223021311809112026243226342737200212726352837314122421282837314036463548250293933433951405428031403545435546605372315324237474659506662813553443394949625572709140041515265597778100450425454706281851088611350043555672668490114971255605874698796121108138630719210112911915071074951051341291618007697110139139171Z/10A/13B/1720C/222532-D/32E/40KminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxKminKmaxNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNProgramme 15, 2038MaintenanceIn addition to checking the belt tension, regularchecks should be made to ensure that the drive isnot soiled with oil or dirt and that the V-belts andpulleys are not damaged.The V-belts can be cleaned with a mixture of glyc-erol and alcohol at the ratio of 1:10.Never use strong degreasing agents such aspetrol, turpentine, diluents etc.Belt dressing, regardless of its nature, must not beused.ReplacementIf a V-belt in a belt set is damaged, the entire beltset must be replaced.A belt set must not consist of different belt makes.Influence of heatHigh temperatures are damaging and will reducebelt life. Sealed shields and other objects whichprevent free circulation of air should therefore beavoided.If the driven unit radiates strong heat, the beltsshould be protected with shielding.Storage of V-beltsIf stored as per the instructions, V-belts can bestored for several years without any noticeableinfluence on their features.Storage on shelves is the best and least spacedemanding method.If suspended, the peg diameter must be at least 12 the belt height. Consequently, never use ordi-nary steel hooks, nails or similar objects.Storage conditionsThe temperature in the storage room should be 10 - 25C, and the relative humidity must not ex-ceed 65%.Direct sunlight on V-belts and sources of heat nearthe belts must be avoided.V-belts should not be stored near chemicals, oiland grease, acids and other substances whichdegrade rubber and textiles.TERMINOLOGYStandardised terms are used for describing a drivewith V-belts; the most common ones will bedescribed in this section.DATUM SYSTEMThe ISO 1081-1980 standard describes two sys-tems for defining pulleys and V-belts: datum andeffective.This means that three concepts are now beingused for describing drives with V-belts: datum andeffective as well as the traditional term, pitch, butpitch is used only for calculating the speed ratioand the belt speed of the drive.The DATUM/EFFECTIVE systems can be definedas systems that provide an unequivocal, unvaryingidentification, whereas PITCH is variable, depend-ing on the design of the V-belt. For this very rea-son, the more recent belt designs have generateda need for an identification system other than pitch.The grooves and diameters of pulleys as well as V-belt lengths have been determined unequivocallywith the introduction of the datum/effective sys-tems.DATUM SYSTEMThe groove of a pulley is identified by its datumwidth Wd, which is independent of the grooveangle.The pulley diameter is termed the datum-diameterddand is measured by the groove width Wd.The V-belt length is defined as the datum length Ldand is measured as shown in the following pointconcerning V-belt length.ISO has determined that the datum groove widthWdof pulleys shall be identical with the formerlystandardised pitch groove widths.In practice, this means that the pitch-diameter dpofthe pulleys is now termed datum-diameter ddandthat the pitch length Lpof the V-belts is changedinto a datum belt length Ld.W dd d39EFFECTIVE SYSTEMUnder this system, a pulley groove width Weisdefined by the measurement shown in the illustra-tion below.The pulley diameter is termed effective outsidediameter de, or just effective-diameter.The V-belt length is defined as effective belt lengthLeand is measured as shown in the followingpoints concerning V-belt length.PITCH SYSTEMThis definition is used for calculating the exactspeed ratio and belt speed of a drive, since thesevalues are determined by the placement of the V-belt section pitch line in the pulley groove. See thefollowing points concerning V-belt section.The distance bdis therefore variable and is includ-ed as a correction supplement when determiningthe pitch-diameter dpof the pulley.The calculation of the speed ratio i and the beltspeed v is therefore as follows:i = Dd+ 2bd=Dpdd+ 2bddpsee point 3, page 7v =(dd + 2bd) n1=dp n1m/s19100 19100see point 8, page 7Under the effective system, the pitch-diameter iscalculated as follows: dp= de- 2bemmBELT SECTION0Pitch zoneTensile and compressive stresses occur inthe cross section of the profile during thebending of the belt in the pulley groove.These stresses will decrease to “0” (zero) inthe line that is termed NEUTRAL AXIS,PITCH ZONE or PITCH.WTop widthAs regards sections withbevelled corners, the topwidth is determined on the basis of the point ofintersection of the extend-ed lines.WpPitch widthTSection heightbPitch placementis the distance from the top line of the profileto the pitch zone.Profile angleFor standard V-belts = 38 - 40TWW pbOb eEffectiv-diameter d ePitch-diameter d pDatum liniePitch-diameter d pDatum-diameter d db dPitch linieW ed eW40V-BELT LENGTHThe V-belt length is defined in different ways in thestandards but it is measured according to specifiedmethods in all cases.The measuring machine consists of two pulleyswith the same datum-diameter, effective-diameteror two plane pulleys. The measurement load onthe moving pulley depends on the belt section.P = Measurement loade = Centre distanceDatum belt length Ldmmis measured over pulleys with datum-diameter ddmm.Ld= 2 e + dd mmThe ISO term datum length Ldmm is identicalwith the previously used pitch belt length Lpmm.Effective belt length LemmThe effective-diameter of the pulleys, demm, isused for calculating the belt length.Le= 2 e + de mm.Outside belt length LammThe physical outside length of the V-belt is measuredwith a measuring tape on the outside of the beltwhile the belt is installed in the measuring machine.Inside belt length Limmis measured over two plane pulleys with the diam-eter d mm, centre distance e mm, is calculatedas follows:Li= 2 e + d mmMean belt length Lmmmoccurs in connection with double V-belts, and forall practical purposes it may be said to be effec-tive belt length.Lm Lemm.The programmes on ROFLEX V-belts and thedimension tables page 41 - 43 include informationsregards the supplements and reductions to beapplied when making an approximate calculation ofa belt length specification other than the one listed,e.g. conversion from datum length Ldmm to insidelength Limm.V-BELT IN PULLEY GROOVEThe placement of a V-belt section in the groove ofthe standard pulley designed for it is described withthe term “Ride”. This is the distance from the top ofthe section to the outside diameter deof the pulley.The permissible maximum/minimum distance/rideis specified in standards.RIDE OUTDistance (1) from the top of the V-belt section tothe outside diameter deof the pulley.RIDE 0/RIDE FLUSHThe top of the V-belt section is flush with the out-side diameter deof the pulley.RIDE INDistance (2) from the top of the V-belt section tothe outside diameter deof the pulley.d e2d e 1d eP e 41Section designationSection dimension W T mm Datum width WdmmDatum belt length Ld Le mmDatum belt length Ld Li + mmOutside belt length La Ld + mmEffective belt length Le Ld + mmInside belt length Li Ld mmInside belt length Li Le mmMin. pulley datum-diameter dd mmMin. pulley effective-diameter demmRecom. max. belt speed v m/sMax. deflection freq. f HzWeight kg/m ROFLEX RE-X NARROW V-BELTS ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 7753/1PROGRAMME 10XPZXPAXPBXPC9,7 88,513500,06512,7 91118630,10516,3 1314221000,19022 1819301600,32550120ROFLEX-X NARROW V-BELTS ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 7753/1PROGRAMME 12XPZXPAXPBXPC9,7 88,513500,06012,7 91118630,10016,3 1314221000,18022 1819301600,32050120ROFLEX NARROW V-BELTS ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 7753/1, RMA-MPTA IP-22PROGRAMMESPZSPASPBSPCS193V/9N5V/15N8V/25N9,7 88,5371337630,06512,7 1011451845900,11516,3 13146022601400,20022 18198330832240,35018,6 15166925691800,2759 8446715 13111118025 2316163150,52042100DIMENSION TABLESIn those programmes where several standards arelisted, there may be minor differences in thedimension specification.The designation “X” for V-belts of the raw-edgedesign has not been introduced in all standards.Summary of standards, see page 57.TWW d42ROFLEX CLASSICAL V-BELTS ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 2215, ANSI/RMA IP-20PROGRAMME 158Z/ 10A/13B/1720C/2225D/32E/408 56,7193119400,04010 68,5223822500,05813 811305030630,10417 11144366431000,17220 12,5174879481400,23922 14196585651600,28225 162161101612240,36632 202769126692800,59140 253284157844500,9583070ROFLEX CLASSICAL V-BELTS ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 2215, ASAE S 211.4PROGRAMME 20A/13B/1720C/222532D/3213 81130503046630,10417 1114436643651000,17220 12,5174879481400,23922 1419658565991600,28225 162161101612240,36632 162750101501012500,51932 202769126691202800,5913060ROFLEX-X CLASSICAL V-BELTS ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 2215PROGRAMME 16ZX/10XAX/13XBX/17XCX/22X10 68,5223822400,05513 811305030500,08017 1114436643800,16522 14196585651400,25050120ROFLEX RE-X CLASSICAL V-BELTS ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 2215PROGRAMME 17ZX/10XAX/13XBX/17XCX/22X10 68,5223822400,06013 811305030500,09017 1114436643800,18022 14196585651400,25550120Section designationSection dimension W T mm Datum width WdmmDatum belt length Ld Le mmDatum belt length Ld Li + mmOutside belt length La Li + mmEffective belt length Le Ld + mmInside belt length Li Ld mmInside belt length Li Le mmMinimum pulley datum-diameter ddMin. pulley effective-diameter demmRecom. max. belt speed v m/sMax. deflection freq. f HzWeightkg/m TWW d43ROFLEX DOUBLE V-BELTS DIN 7772, ASAE S 211.4PROGRAMME 21HAA/AAHBB/BBHCC/CC25HDD/DD13 101121632131800,14017 1314268226411120,24422 17193610736532000,40925 22214013840692800,59032 25275115751793550,8783060ROFLEX JOINED V-BELTS ANSI/RMA IP-20, RMA/MPTA IP-22, ASAE S 211.4PROGRAMM 23HA/AHB/BHC/CHD/D3V/9J5V/15J8V/25J13 81015,889643232800,15417 111319,05138029511300,23722 141725,41810032682100,40632 192236,532813036943700,7509 81010,3662838670,09515 131617,510029711800,25025 232628,6157321253150,6373060WTW deHT WSection designationSection dimension W T mm Datum width WdmmDatum belt length Ld Le mmDatum belt length Ld Li + mmOutside belt length La Li + mmEffective belt length Le Ld + mmInside belt length Li Ld mmInside belt length Li Le mmMin. pulley datum-diameter ddmmMin. pulley effective-diameter demmRecom. max. belt speed v m/sMax. deflection freq. f HzWeightkg/m Section designationSection dimension W T mm Total height H mm Section spacing e mmDatum belt length Ld Le mmOutside belt length La Li + mmEffective belt length Le La - mmInside belt length Li Ld mmInside belt length Li Le mmMin. pulley datum-diameter ddmmMin. pulley effective-diameter demmRecom. max. belt speed v m/sMax. deflection freq. f HzWeight per sectionkg/m 44ROFLEX-VARI VARIABLE SPEED V-BELTS, ISO 1604, DIN 7719PROGRAMME 40Section designationW16W20W25W31,5W40W50W63W71W80W100Top widthW mm 172126334252657483104Pitch widthWpmm16202531.54050637180100Section heightT mm 67810131620232632Pitch zoneB mm 1.51.7522.53.25455.756.58Section angle 26282828283030303232ROFLEX-VARI VARIABLE SPEED V-BELTS ISO 3410, ASAE S 211.4PROGRAMME 41Section designationHGHHHIHJHKHLHMHNHOTop widthW mm 16.520.425.431.838.144.550.857.263.5Pitch widthWpmm15.41923.629.635.541.447.353.259.1Section heightT mm 81012.715.117.519.822.223.925.4Pitch zoneB mm 2.59.5Section angle 282828282828282828ROFLEX-VARI VARIABLE SPEED V-BELTS, RMA/MPTA IP-25PROGRAMME 40Section designationTop widthW mm 223037304651405170647076Section height T mm 81011111313151618181819Section angle 2424242828283232323838381422V 1922V 2322V 1926V 2926V 3226V 2530V 3230V 4430V 4036V 4436V 4836V22V30V37V30V46V51V40V51V70V64V70V76VA22A22A22A26A26A26A30A30A30A36A36A362WW pTB2WW pTB45ROFLEX MULTI-RIB BELTS, DIN 7867, ASAE S 211.4PROGRAMME 33Section designationROFLEX SYNCHRONOUS BELTS, ISO 5296PROGRAMME 34Section designationPHPJPKPLPMHJKLMMXLXXLXLLHXHXXHRib spacings mm1.602.343.564.709.40Belt heighth mm 3461017Minimum pulley diameterdemm13204575180Circular pitche mm2.0323.1755.0809.52512.70022.22531.750Tooth widths mm1.141.732.574.656.1212.5719.05Tooth heighthtmm0.510.761.271.912.296.359.53Tooth angle2 40505040404040Belt heighthsmm 1.141.511.215.7ROFLEX SYNCHRONOUS BELTSPROGRAMME 34Section designation3M5M8M14M20MCircular pitche mm3.05.08.014.020.0Tooth heighthtmm6.18.4Belt heighth mm 10.013.2hsehshtsehth46For further information, please refer to the standardsISO 4183, BS 3790, DIN 2211/1, DIN 2217/1.Summary of standards, see page 57.Table 21Narrow V-belts:Programmes 10, 11 and 12Classical V-belts:Programmes 15, 16, 17, 20, 21 and 30bhW dfeW ed dClassical V-belts sec-tionsNarrow V-belt sectionsWd5,36,78,51114161719212732We6,389,712,716,318,62022253240b min.1,6222,753,545,14,86,38,19,6h min.4,77911141613191619,923,4e80,3100,3120,3150,3190,4220,4230,425,50,5290,5370,644,50,7f7171811012,514,5151719242932 63 71 34 80 118 190 250 250 315 35536 63 71 500 60038 80 118 190 250 250 315 355 500 600Y681013172022253240ZZXSPZXPZAt datum-diameter ddmm+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 3 1+ 4 1AAXSPAXPABBXSPBXPBS19CCXSPCXPCDETotal width B mm of pulley with number of grooves: B = (x-1)e + 2f mmPULLEYS - GROOVE DIMENSIONS47Table 22 lists the groove dimensions which arecommonly used.For further information, please refer to ANSI/RMAIP-20 and ASAE S 211.4Table 22Narrow V-belts:Programmes 10, 11 and 12Classical V-belts:Programmes 15, 16, 17, 20, 21 and 30W dgbhfed dClassical V-belt sectionsNarrow V-belt sectionsg At datum-diameter ddmmWd = 34 = 38b min.h min.ef3438ZZX10SPZXPZ8.511141619111518.922.126.311.315.419.522.927.346.581012911.514.51619.514 0.318 0.323 0.427 0.531 0.59 0.611.5 0.614.5 0.817 120 1 80 118 190 250 315 80 118 190 250 315SPAXPASPBXPBS19SPCXPC131722AAXBBXCCXTotal width B mm of pulley with number of grooves: B = (x-1)e + 2f mmDEEP - GROOVE PULLEYS - GROOVE DIMENSIONS48For further information, please refer to the stan-dards RMA/MPTA IP-22 and ASAE S 211.4Table 23Narrow V-belts:Programmes 10, 11 and 123V SPZ3VX XPZ5V SPB5VX XPBb eh gS gS ed eGrooveprofile3V5V8V 9036 90 15038 150 30540 305428,898,610,39,09N15,2415,017,513,015N25,425,128,619,025N 25538 255 40540 40542 40538 405 57040 57042demm hgmin.beSgSemin.GrooveprofileISOTotal width B mm of pulley with number of grooves: B = (x-1) Sg+ 2 SemmPULLEYS - GROOVE DIMENSIONS49For further information, see the standards ISO5290, ISO 5291, ASAE S 211.4, ANSI/RMA IP-20and RMA/MPTA IP-22Table 24 Standard ISO 5291Table 25 Standard ISO 5290Joined V-belts:Programme 23fed eh gW eGrooveprofile3V5V8V 9036 90 15038 150 30040 300428,98,910,39,09J15,215,217,513,015J25,425,428,619,025J 25038 250 40040 40042 40038 400 56040 56042demm hgmin.weefmin.GrooveprofileISOTotal width of pulley with number of grooves: B = (x-1)e + 2 f mmGrooveprofileHA/AHB/BHC/CHD/D 12534 12538 19534 19538 32534 32538 49036 49038131215,889AJ16,51419,0511,5BJ22,41925,4016CJ32,82636,5323DJdemm hgmin.weefmin.GrooveprofileISOJOINED V-BELT PULLEYS - GROOVE DIMENSIONS50ROULUNDS standard flat belt types are describedin programme 50, PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS,and in the following calculation procedure theirpower rating is listed in tables 3 and 4, page 52.The belt type to be used for the drive in question isselected on the basis of this.CALCULATIONTerms and units used.BWidth of pulleymmbBelt widthmmCCentre distancemmc1Service factorc2Arc of contact correction factorDDiameter of larger pulleymmdDiameter of smaller pulleymmhCrown of camber on pulley facemmiSpeed ratioLiInside belt lengthmmn1Number of revolutions of smaller pulley rev/minn2Number of revolutions of larger pulley rev/minPMPower consumptionkWPNPower rating per 10 mm belt widthkWvBelt speedm/sxAdjustment of centre distancefor take-up allowancemmyAdjustment of centre distancefor installationmmArc of contact on smaller pulley1.Service factor c1Table 1, page 51.The power rating tables are based on themaximum permissible tension in the applica-ble belt types at the stated pulley diameterand rev/min. It is therefore important thatcalculation is carried out with a service factorthat makes allowance for the operating con-ditions of the driven unit, e.g. overloadingwhen started, shock loads etc.2.Belt typeTo be selected according to application, seeprogramme 50.3.Speed ratio iis the ratio of the rev/min of the smaller tothat of the larger pulleyi =n1n2or the ratio of the diameter of the larger tothat of the smaller pulley.i = Dd4.Pulley diameterThe diameter of the smaller pulley d mm isselected from the power rating table for theselected belt type, tables 3-4 page 52.The diameter of the larger pulley D mm iscalculated as follows:D = d i mmTension idlers, see point 13, page 53.5.Centre distance C mmC may be determined on the basis of theapplicable conditions or it may be chosen tobe 2 the diameter of the larger pulley Dmm.For installation and take-up allowance, seepoint 11, page 53.6.Belt length LimmThe inside belt length is calculated as fol-lows:Li= 2 C + 1,57 (D + d)+(D - d)2mm4 CC = Centre distance mmD = Diameter of larger pulley mmd = Diameter of smaller pulley mmFor further detail, see point 14, page 53DRIVES WITH FLAT BELTS517.Belt speed v m/sv =d n1m/s19100d= Diameter of smaller pulley mmn1= Rev/min of smaller pulleyThe recommended maximum belt speed islisted in the power rating table for the selec-ted belt type.8.Arc of contact correction factor c2Table 2, page 52In drives with more than two pulleys, the arcof contact is calculated according to draw-ing.9.Power rating PNkWThe power rating per 10 mm belt width isdetermined from the table for the selectedbelt type, tables 3-4, page 52.For further detail, see point 14 for fully- and semi-turned drives.Table 1 Service factor c110.Necessary belt width b mmb =PM c1 10mmPN c2PM= Power consumption of driven unit inkW or rated kW of motor.PN=Power rating kW per 10 mm beltwidth, tables 3-4.c1=Service factor, table 1c2=Arc of contact correction factor, table2.The belt width b mm is rounded up to theclosest standard width, see table 5, page 53.1.01.21.3Driven unitDriving unit/motorAC motors, single- and three-phasewith star-delta start.DC shunt-wound motors. Multiplecylinder internal combustion engines.Agitators for liquids. Small centrifugalblowers. Fans up to 7.5 kW. Light-dutyconveyors.Belt conveyors for sand, grain, etc. Doughmixers. Fans over 7.5 kW. Generators.Washing machines. Machine tools.Punching, pressing and shearing machines.Printing machines. Positive displacementrotary pumps. Vibrating and rotary screens.Brick-making machinery. Bucket elevator.Piston compressors. Screw conveyors.Hammer mills. Hollanders. Piston pumps.Positive displacement blowers. Crushers.Woodworking machinery. Textile machinery.Number of operating hours per 24 hoursNumber of operating hours per 24 hoursAC motors, single- and three-phase,series wound, slip-ring motors withdirect start.DC motors, series and compoundwound. Single cylinder internalcombustion engines.Up toOver 10OverUp toOver 10Over10to161610to161652Table 3 Power rating PNkW per 10 mm belt widthD-dCArc of contact 0.0000.400.500.600.701801741691631571511451391.000.980.960.930.910.880.860.82D-dCArc of contact 0.800.901.0001.401.501331271201131069991830.800.780.740.710.660.640.590.54dmm80100125160200250315400160200250315400630250400500630700800900Number of revolutions of smaller pulley rev/min2004007208009201200 1450 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4500 5000 5500 60000.070.180.260.290.350.490.560.600.740.880.951.020.110.260.490.570.730.820.961.011.231.381.511.601.721.801.801.781.761.710.180.440.780.890.981.181.341.431.671.892.032.162.602.292.292.212.031.930.290.601.071.211.381.601.821.942.232.462.632.692.712.572.271.960.440.821.431.581.872.142.452.602.943.183.353.233.032.712.020.531.011.952.132.402.763.743.573.212.570.711.372.362.542.903.363.683.833.963.712.990.891.712.943.173.512.910.370.661.181.261.431.711.952.062.362.612.712.782.802.612.211.640.551.031.661.812.082.432.762.933.313.533.683.593.212.822.020.741.402.282.462.763.243.693.854.234.404.193.712.930.921.762.933.203.554.104.494.664.904.674.451.182.273.754.044.505.075.385.384.961.793.495.165.385.675.494.490.261.201.882.032.282.432.292.041.891.011.913.013.243.653.883.681.452.784.324.544.944.902.093.745.465.685.774.952.404.326.136.306.254.612.744.966.626.826.323.075.596.796.535.30v approx. 40 m/sRecommended maximum belt speed 40 m/sDANCORD MDANCORD GDANCORD Hdmm80100125160200250Number of revolutions of smaller pulley rev/min2004007208009201200 1450 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 45000.040.060.320.380.410.520.630.710.780.850.911.020.060.150.280.310.370.440.560.600.760.901.00170.430.510.650.780.871.041.221.411.501.591.690.160.310.540.620.740.881.071.181.471.621.741.871.990.190.410.740.870.971.171.431.521.791.952.130.290.550.941.061.171.291.511.761.902.132.263 plies12516020025031540000.530.570.650.870.991.251.311.381.451.570.180.330.590.680.810.961.201.311.541.711.910.260.480.810.921.101.361.581.691.972.240.350.531.191.261.471.642.062.192.490.460.851.511.671.972.322.572.720.611.141.972.152.432.823.014 plies1602002503154005000.180.370.620.740.840.961.071.181.461.631.870.260.530.931.021.251.501.761.912.182.400.390.711.311.451.672.022.362.492.800.510.981.741.932.232.692.973.170.741.382.322.512.903.293.540.961.762.903.143.513.835 plies2002503154005006300.290.560.961.061.241.501.741.892.160.410.741.381.491.742.142.472.652.880.561.121.882.092.442.903.313.410.791.542.592.843.243.713.971.061.963.283.533.821.382.624.074.386 pliesv approx. 20 m/sRecommended maximum belt speed 20 m/s for belts with endless joint.Table 2 Arc of contact correction factor c2Table 4 Power rating PNkW per 10 mm belt widthDANCORDSTARKODDER C2C25311.Installation and take-up allowance.12.Pulley crown, camber h mmTo achieve optimum exploitation of the drive,the belt must be assured an even run on thepulleys. This can be achieved by giving thepulleys a smooth, crowned face with a cam-ber h mm according to the sketch below.The pulleys must never be equipped withside edges/flanges.13.Tension idlersIf a tension idler is used, it should have atleast the same diameter as that of the small-er pulley, and it must provide the same pos-sibilities with regard to installation and take-up allowance as those mentioned in point11.The tension idler should be installed againstthe slack part of the belt, as illustrated in thesketches below.14.Fully- and semiturned transmissionsFully turned transmission - 180Belt length LimmLi= 2 C + 1,57 (D + d) + (D + d)2mm4 CPower transmissionPN= Table value 0,75 kWSemiturned transmission - 90Belt lenght Limmd2Li= 2 C + 1,57 (D + d) +(D +2)mm4 CPower transmission PN= Table value 0,75 kWPN= kW per 10 mm belt width.DCdDdCh = 0,005 x B mmD 1D = D1 + B x 0,01BhDdCyXy 0,015 x C mmX 0,030 x C mm Belt width b mmBelt width b mmCorrespondingpulley width B mmCorrespondingpulley width B mm253240506371809010011212532405063718090100112125140140160180200224250280315355400450500160180200224250280315355400450500560Table 5 Recommended belt and pulley widths54The following is a description of the basic designsused for the belt types listed in the PROGRAMMEKEY.The technical features, fields of application anddata of the individual belt types, which are intend-ed for use in the design of the drive, are listed inthe DIMENSION TABLES, pages 41 - 43.WRAPPED V-BELTSThe term “wrapped” indicates that the V-belt coreis protected by one or more plies of fabric calledfabric cover.The fabric cover is of cotton or polyester, it is wearresistant and coated with rubber.The power transmitting element in the cord zone isordinarily polyester cord or several plies of specialcord fabric. Kevlar cord is used in certain specialbelts.Tension, cushion and compression are rubbercompounds with specific properties.The cushion bonds the cord to the other rubberelements and absorbs shock loads.The compression gives the belt cross section formstability and supports the cord zone against deflec-tion while under load.This design is used for both classical and narrowV-belts.Classical V-beltsare defined in terms of dimensions in standardssuch as ISO 4184, DIN 2215, BS 3790, ANSI/RMAIP-20 etc., see standards summary on page 57.The ratio of the top width to the height of the sec-tions is approx. 1.6.Narrow V-beltsDimensions according to the standards ISO 4184,DIN 7753/1, BS 3790, RMA/MPTA IP-22 etc., seesummary on page 57.The top width of the section is often bevelled tofacilitate adaptation to minor deviations from thestandard for pulley groove dimension.The ratio of the top width to the height of the sec-tions is approx. 1.2. Hence the term narrow V-belts, as seen in relation to classical V-belts.Joined V-beltsare often termed JV-belts. These consist of 2-5standard V-belts which are joined into one unit bymeans of an overlaying band.This design reduces vibrations in drives subjectedto shock loads. This belt type is also used as acoupling belt, for example on combine harvesters.Dimensions are defined in the standardsANSI/RMA IP-20, RMA/MPTA IP-22 and ASAE S211.4, see summary on page 57.Double V-beltsare also termed HEXAGONAL belts. The sectionwidth corresponds to the top width of the corres-ponding V-belt section.This belt type has been designed for the so-calledserpentine drives with more than two pulleys andin which the direction of rotation of at least oneshaft is reversed.Standards: ISO 5289, DIN 7722, ASAE S 211.4,see summary on page 57.BandFabric coverTensionCushionCordCompressionBELT CONSTRUCTIONS55RAW-EDGE V-BELTShave no fabric cover on the sides of the belt profile.A special rubber compound ensures this belt typea greater resistance to wear than wrapped V-belts.Also, it is characteristic of raw-edge belts that theykeep a constant friction level for the remainder oftheir life after running in.The compression in ROFLEX raw-edge V-belts is aspecial rubber compound - STIFLEX - with textilefibres oriented across the belt length. This safe-guards the form stability of the cross section andprovides effective support for the power transmit-ting polyester cord.The inside moulded cog gives the belts high flexi-bility and a good fit in the pulley grooves as well asa low operating temperature.This design is used for both classical and narrowV-belts.Classical V-beltsin the raw-edge design are designated with an “X”after the ordinary section designation, for exampleBX.This designation has not yet been introduced by allstandards but as far as dimensions are concernedreference can be made to ISO 4184, DIN 2215, BS3790, ANSI/RMA IP-20 etc., see summary on page57.Narrow V-beltsof the raw-edge type are designated by changingthe SP before the section designation
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