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梳棉机
装配线
承载
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梳棉机装配线承载装置及传动机构设计,梳棉机,装配线,承载,装置,传动,机构,设计
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翻译Current driveline concepts1. Engine developmentsGasoline and Diesel engines are the dominant drive units of today. Hybrid concepts and fuel cells have so far only conquered market niches or have not yet developed beyond the design stage.New injection technologies, such as pump nozzle and common rail, are now common for Diesel engines. This resulted in significant fuel savings and improved driving dynamics due to raised torque and performance.Presently, multi-point injection is the dominant method for gas engine concepts. Increasingly stringent emission laws, the requirements of the European Parliament and the voluntary commitment of the European automobile industry to reduce the average CO2 emission of newly registered passenger cars by 25% by the year 2008 compared to the year 1995, will require significant reductions in fleet consumption and emissions within the next few years. this will result in a diversification of drive concepts for gas engines .DI versions will share the market with displacementreduced, supercharged engines , electromechanical and mechanical valve-gear systems and their combinations .The future-oriented concepts of complete de-throttling of the gas engine by means of charge stratification or volumetric efficiency control and shifting of the load cycle into the efficiency-optimal range of the engine graph will decisively contribute to the technology of the gas engine in the coming decades .Downsizing and supercharging will significantly raise specific maximum engine torque levels in the next few years.2. Transmission types The Manual Transmission/MT and the Automatic Transmission/AT are the transmissions presently firmly established in the market . For some years the market has seen the appearance of the Automated Manual Transmission/AMT and the Continuously Variable Transmission/CVT, whose shares in the market are still very small.Manual transmissions are cheap , of relatively small size ,and their spur gears provide good efficiency , Consumption largely depends on the drivers shifting style and the vehicle concept.The comfort of an automatic transmission is approached through automated shifting and cluthing . More gears snd the concomitant enhanced spacing also increase comfort . High efficiency ,favorable weight and low cost are factors that ate retained.Traction interruption , associated with automated shifting and regarded as impairing comfort , will be reduced in future AMTs by an optimized gearshift process . The powershifting double-clutch transmission with two separate transmission input shafts is part of this development . Gears are preselected in the load-free section of the transmission ,gear steps ate changed under full load through controlled trolled torque transfer from the first to the second clutch.Ats have undergone a continuous development process in recent years an have become even more comfortable ,lighter and economical . New gear set comfortable , lighter and economical .New gear set concepts and more gear steps will continue this trend . Their very high level of comfort ,how ever , is associated with a complex design and a relatively high weight and limited efficiency .Comfortable shifting with the CVT is principlerelated . Acceleration ideally follows the traction hyperbola , The initial engine speed increase fllowed by comtinuos transmission ratio variation , how ever ,is new .There is a delay between the initiation of acceleration and the following response . The hydraulically produced frictional connection in the variator , which transfers the torque to the output ,suggests increased consumption . Wide spacing , however ,lowers this for vehicles with manual transmissions.3. Starting components Today ,there basic concepts are available for shifting and starting :. the dry clutch ;. the wet clutch ;. the torque converter;The dry clutch is known for . its very good efficiency;. its good controllability;. its drag torque free feature:. its relatively small mass moment of inertia . The very good efficiency of the normally-closed dry clutch is due to the absence of auxiliary power .Other solutions always need pressure and thus additional power in the bridged or closed condition .Wet clutch advantage are :. little mass ;. very small mass moment of inertia;. very good controllability;. high power density and great torque capacity.The wet clutch is therefore optimally suited for vehicles with small installation space and very high torque levels.Due to its function as a hydrodynamic hydraulic transmission ,the torque converter with or without slip-controlled lockup clutch and torsionalvibration damper offers . efficiency advantages in the non-bridged condition and . and a torque translated by the hydraulic transmission as well as. over load protection 目前的传动系概念1 发动机的发展 汽油和柴油发动机是目前主要的驱动元件，混合驱动和燃料电池仍处于设计开发阶段尚未占领市场。新型的喷射技术，如共轨泵喷射，通常被应用于柴油发动机。它大幅度降低了油耗并由于提高了发动机的转矩和性能改善了动态传动特性。 目前多点直接喷射广泛应用于汽油发动机。为了满足苛刻的排放法规，欧洲议会和欧洲汽车工业协会要求在2008年将新注册的轿车的CO2排放量在1995年水平上降低25%，这需要在近几年内明显降低车辆的能耗和排放，这导致了汽油发动机用传动系的多样化。直接喷射系统将通过减少排量，发动机增压、机电一体化或机械式阀门配气机构系统及他们的组合占领部分市场。采用分层进气或容积效率控制的汽油机多气门技术和是发动机工作在高效率区的负荷循环换挡概念将是全分离节气门汽油发动机今后几十年的两大主要技术。 小型化和发动机增压技术在未来几年内将明显提高发动机最大转矩的水平。2 变速器类型手动变速器（MT）和自动变速器（AT）是目前变速器市场的主要产品，几年前市场上开始出现机械自动变速器（AMT）和无级变速器（CVT），但它们仅占有极小的市场份额。 手动变速器便宜，体积较小、并且圆柱齿轮组的效率很高，能耗主要取决于驾驶员的换挡技术和车辆形式。 自动变速器的舒适性体现在自动换挡和离合器的自动工作上，教多的挡位及相应增加的间距也改善了舒适性，效率高、重量合适和成本底是该类变速器生存的要点。 换挡时存在的牵引力中断现象对舒适性有影响，将来的AMT可通过采
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