羚羊汽车绳轮式电动玻璃升降器的总体设计【6张PDF图纸+CAD制图+文档】
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本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系 别： 工程技术系 专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓 名： 学 号： 05207417 2011 年 4 月 25 日外文资料翻译译文轿车电动玻璃升降器的探讨与研究前言车门玻璃升降器作为车门附件，其作用是保证车门玻璃平稳升降、门窗能随时并顺利地开启和关闭，并能使玻璃停留在任意位置，不随外力作用或汽车的颠簸而上下跳动。因此要求玻璃升降器结构可靠、操纵轻便省力，并需有防止玻璃升降器倒转的制动装置。随着汽车的不断改进和发展，玻璃升降器也由简单的丝杆式、单臂式逐渐发展为今天的电动式。电动玻璃升降器结构简单可靠，操纵方便省力，被现代轿车普遍采用。它可以在副仪表板上布置控制开关，也可以在各自的车门上单独设置开关，分别操作。驾驶员可以在自己的位置上通过控制开关开闭任一车门玻璃，提高了轿车的舒适性和方便性。结构及原理为了与车身造型协调一致，现代轿车车门玻璃基本上采用大曲率弧面玻璃。当玻璃下降到车门内部时，所需空间较大。然而，为了增加车身内部乘坐空间，要求车门的厚度又要尽可能小。钢丝绳式升降器由于具有占位小、质量轻、易于安装布置，尤其适用于曲面玻璃，且具有成本低等优点，被现代轿车广泛采用。 钢丝绳式电动玻璃升降器有双导轨和单导轨两种结构型式。双导轨电动玻璃升降器使玻璃运行平稳、噪声低，但安装精度要求高，成本也比较高，适用于大车门轿车、旅行车以及无框车门轿车（如敞蓬车）。单导轨电动玻璃升降器由于车门玻璃与导轨间只有一个固定点，玻璃运行时需要靠车门窗框上的玻璃导槽进行导向，因此玻璃升降的平稳性靠导槽的精度保证。单导轨电动玻璃升降器具有结构简单、成本低、安装方便等特点，被中低档轿车普遍使用。这两种电动玻璃升降器虽然结构上有些区别，但工作原理却是相同的。钢丝式玻璃升降式通常由减速装置、电机、线轮毂、钢丝绳、滑块、导轨、止动块等组成。电机与减速装置通常做成一体，通称减速电机。通电时电机转动，通过蜗轮蜗杆减速器进行减速并带动线轮毂转动，从而带动钢丝绳拉着滑块及玻璃 （玻璃固定在滑块上）沿导轨运动。通过电机正反转，使玻璃上下运动。玻璃上升到顶部时由门框上导槽密封条止动，玻璃下降到底部时由升降器止动块止动。止动时电机电流迅速增大，电机产热升温。当温度升到一定值时，电机内部热敏保护装置膨胀断开，使电机断电，保护电机不致因温度过高而烧损。当电机温度下降后，热敏保护装置又接通，电机又可以正常工作。减速电机减速电机是电动玻璃升降器的核心部分，其性能好坏直接影响总成性能。升降器电机采用直流永磁电机，它由机壳（俗称磁缸）、磁瓦、转子、转子轴、换向器以及密封件等组成， 通常转子轴也用作为减速器的蜗杆。为了防止负载过大或控制开关失灵而烧毁电机，因此电机内部设置有热敏保护装置。当电机换向时，电机换向器会产生火花并产生电磁波。为防止对汽车其它电器产生干扰，电机内部也设置有电感电容滤波器。电机的减速装置由蜗轮蜗杆组成。蜗轮蜗杆减速器传动比大，工作平稳无噪声， 结构紧凑。当螺旋角小于摩擦角时， 自锁性强，能有效地防止车门玻璃倒转。但蜗轮蜗杆减速器传动效率低， 因此影响升降器总成的工作效率。由于电机由专业厂生产，因此在设计电动玻璃升降器时， 只需根据车门结构、车门密封条及玻璃的技术参数以及升降器导轨的型式来选择电机。只有在性能匹配良好时，才能使玻璃运行平稳。导轨及其它零件导轨在玻璃升降器中也是比较重要的零件，其制造质量和精度都将影响玻璃上升的平稳性。由于现代轿车侧围采用大曲率弧面造型，这就给升降器导轨的制造带来一定难度。因此在选择导轨材料时要考虑较容易成形的材料；又因导轨要承受玻璃的质量以及玻璃运行时的阻力，因此又要求导轨要有足够的强度和刚度。此外，因玻璃升降器安装在车门内，容易受潮气、水以及灰尘的侵蚀，因此要求导轨具有耐腐蚀性能。升降器钢丝绳在工作中起传力作用，因此要求钢丝绳柔性好并具有足够的抗拉强度和良好的耐磨、耐腐蚀性。钢丝绳及夹头抗拉强度应大于2000N，并经过25000次循环无损坏。滑块在工作中主要是带动玻璃沿导轨上下运动，因此要求滑块强度高，耐热性好，摩擦系数小。聚甲醛 POM是滑块的理想材料。止动块在工作中起减缓滑块的冲击并阻止其运动的作用，因此要求止动块弹性好、抗冲击性强，并且耐油污性能好。选择聚氨酯或氯丁橡胶作止动块材料比较合理。防夹电动玻璃升降器随着汽车工业的不断发展和电子技术在汽车上的广泛应用，最近国外已开发了防夹电动玻璃升降器。它是在原电动玻璃升降器基础上增加 ECU （又称电子模块） 及传感器等，利用微电子技术对升降器工作进行系统监控、数据采集、计算处理、诊断及输出控制等。当玻璃上升到一定距离时，便进入防夹区。 在防夹区内，如果玻璃遇到一定的外来阻力， 则玻璃停止上升并立即下降;如果玻璃没有遇到外来阻力，则玻璃继续上升。为了确保玻璃上升时能够关严，防夹电动玻璃升降器还具有数据自动修正功能。它对玻璃运行的数据作记录，并且每运行20次就会自动修正一次，即每运行20次升降器就会使玻璃上升到顶部一次，电子模块记录新的运行参数并调整电机工况。避免了因车门变形或车门附件磨损而造成玻璃无法关闭到位的情况发生。未来智能型电动玻璃升降器汽车电子技术的高速发展和纳米技术的应用，加速了汽车智能化的进程。未来几年将是汽车智能化发展的快速时期，玻璃升降器也将变得越来越自动化、智能化。当人们打开车门时，如果该车门玻璃处于关闭状态，电子控制系统检测到信号后，指令电动玻璃升降器将车门玻璃自动下降一定距离；关上车门后， 玻璃又自动上升关闭。由此避免了在关门时车内气压过高而影响车内乘员的舒适性。 对于无框车门，还可以避免在关门时玻璃对车门密封条的摩擦。下雨时，当智能自动雨刮系统启动工作时，电动玻璃升降器电子控制系统检测到雨刮工作电流，并指令所有车门升降器自动关闭车窗玻璃。发动机熄火后，在驾驶员侧车门关闭并锁止30s内，所有车门玻璃升降器电子监控系统将对车门玻璃状态进行智能扫描，如发现玻璃没有关闭，则自动关闭车门玻璃，以防止驾驶员离开车时，因疏忽忘了关闭车门玻璃而发生失窃的后果。外文原文Electric window regulator research and discussionPreface Door window regulator for door accessories, door glass, whose role is to ensure a smooth landing, doors and windows ready and open and close smoothly, and allows the glass to stay in any position, not with external force or the car bumps up and down beat. Therefore requested glass lifter reliable structure, manipulation of light and effort, and the need to prevent lifter reverse braking device. With the continuous improvement and development of automotive, glass lifter also by a simple Screw-type, single-arm gradually developed into todays electric. Electric window regulator simple, reliable, easy to manipulate effort, commonly used by modern cars. It can be arranged in the dashboard control switch, vice, can also be set separately on each door switch operation, respectively. The driver position in their own control switch through any door opening and closing of glass and improve the cars comfort and convenience.Structure and Principle Coordinated with the body shape to the modern car door glass is basically glass with large curvature arc. When the inside of the glass door down to the required larger space. However, in order to increase passenger space inside the body, requiring the thickness of the door again as small as possible. Wire rope hoist with a footprint as small, light weight, easy to install and layout, especially for curved glass, and has a low cost, widely used by modern cars. Electric wire rope hoist with double glass, single-track rail and two structural types. Dual-rail electric window glass allows smooth operation, low noise, high precision but the installation cost is high, the door for large sedans, station wagons and frameless doors cars (such as convertible). Single-rail power window regulator and the slide between the glass door is only one fixed point, the glass run to rely on the glass door frame on the guide groove for guidance, so the smoothness of the glass by lifting guides to ensure accuracy. Single-rail power window regulator with a simple structure, low cost, convenient installation, is commonly used in middle and low cars. Both the structure of electric glass lifter Although there are some differences, but the principle is the same. Wire glass lift is usually slow, motor, wire wheels, wire rope, slide, rails, stop block and so on. Motor and reduction gear is usually made of one, known as the gear motor. Turn the motor is powered through the worm gear reducer and drive line wheels turning, so as to drive wire rope pulling the slider and glass (glass fixed to the slider) along the rail movement. By reversing the motor, the glass up and down. Rise to the top of the glass from the door seal on the stopper guide slot, the Ministry of the glass down in the end stop by the hoist block stop. Stop when the motor current increases rapidly, the motor heat to heat up. When the temperature is raised to a certain value, the expansion of the motor thermal protection device off, the motor power to protect the motor will not burn due to high temperature. When the motor temperature drops, the thermal protection device and connected to the motor and can work properly. Geared MotorElectric gear motor is the heart of the glass elevator, the performance of a direct impact on assembly performance. Hoist motor DC permanent magnet motor, which consists of casing (known as magnetic cylinder), magnetic tile, rotor, rotor shaft, commutator, and seals and other components, often also used as a rotor shaft worm reducer. In order to prevent overload or failure of burning motor control switch, so the motor has thermal protection device within the set. When the motor commutation, the motor commutator will produce sparks and produce electromagnetic waves. To prevent electrical interference of other cars, the motor is also set with inductor-capacitor filter. Motor speed control device composed by the worm. Worm gear transmission ratio, smooth no noise, compact structure. When the helix angle is less than the friction angle, the self-locking is strong, can effectively prevent the door glass upside down. However, low efficiency of worm gear reducer drive, thus affecting the efficiency of the lifting assembly. As the motor by professional plant production, so the design of electric window regulator, just under the door structure, door seals and glass technical parameters and type of rail movements to select the motor. Only when well-matched in performance, to make the glass smooth operation.Rails and other partsRail in the window regulator is a rather important part in its manufacturing quality and accuracy will increase the stability of the glass. Around the side of modern cars with large curvature arc shape, which gives the manufacture of elevator guide rail to bring some difficulties. Therefore, material selection guide easier to consider when forming the material; because of the quality of rails to bear the glass and glass run the resistance, it is also required to have adequate rail strength and rigidity. In addition, because the glass lift installed in the door, the easy to damp air, water and dust erosion, thus requiring corrosion resistant rails. Hoist wire rope in the work force from the transmission, it requires a good and flexible steel wire rope has sufficient tensile strength and good wear and corrosion resistance. Tensile strength of wire rope and chuck should be greater than 2000N, and after 25,000 cycles without damage. Slider in the work is mainly driven up and down movement of glass along the rail, thus requiring the slider, high strength, heat resistance, low coefficient of friction. POM POM is an ideal material for the slider. Stop slow down the block from the slider in the work and prevent the impact of the role of its movement, thus requiring the stopper block flexibility, impact resistance and oil resistance and good performance. Select polyurethane or neoprene material for the stopper block is reasonable.Anti-pinch electric window regulatorWith the continuous development of the automobile industry and electronic technology in a wide range of automotive applications, has recently been developed abroad, anti-trap electric window regulator. It is in the original electric glass lifter adds ECU (also known as electronic modules) and the sensors, the use of microelectronics technology on the work of the hoist system monitoring, data acquisition, computing, control, diagnosis and output. When the glass up to a certain distance, then enter the anti-trap area. In the anti-trap area, if some alien encounter resistance of glass, the glass stop the rise and fall immediately; if the glass did not encounter resistance outside, the glass continues to rise. In order to ensure that the glass rises to locked, anti-trap electric window regulator also has automatic data correction. It records data for the glass run and run 20 times each will automatically correct, or one every 20 runs would make the glass elevator up to the top of the time, the new electronic module records the operating parameters and adjusting the motor operating conditions. To avoid deformation due to the door or door glass attachment caused by wear and tear can not be closed in place to happen.Future intelligent electric window regulatorThe rapid development of automotive electronic technology and the application of nanotechnology to speed up the process of automotive intelligence. The next few years will be the rapid development of intelligent vehicles during the gl
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