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桥式起重机
结构设计
10
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桥式起重机结构设计【Q=10t】,桥式起重机,结构设计,10
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附录Bridge craneBridge crane is horizontal plane in workshop, warehouse and yard over rigger materials of lifting equipment. Because of its ends located in tall cement posts or metal stents, shape like bridge. Bridge crane along the bridge on both sides laying in elevated the orbit of longitudinal operation, can make full use of the space below girder hoisting materials, does not suffer ground equipment obstacles. It is to use the widest range, the largest number of a kind of hoisting machinery.Bridge crane is the modern industrial production and lifting transportation in realizing realize mechanization, automation production process to important tools and equipment. So bridge crane in interior industrial and mining enterprises, steel chemical industry, railway transportation, ports and logistics departments and establishments are widely used. Bridge crane can be divided into ordinary bridge crane, simple girder crane and metallurgical special bridge crane 3 kinds. Ordinary bridge crane is general by lifting trolley and bridge operation organization, bridge metal structure group into. Lifting car again by lifting mechanism, trolley mechanism and the car frame of three parts. Lifting mechanism including motor, brakes, reducer, drum and pulleys. Driving speed reducer, electromotor through reel rotation of wire rope around the drum drum down, or from lifting weights with. Car frame is a torre and installation of hoisting mechanism and the car mechanism, etc. Parts of the frame, usually for welding structure. Crane operation organization drive mode can be divided into two kinds: one kind is concentrated drive, which is a motor driving long shaft drive on both sides of the active wheels, Another kind is respectively driven, namely on both sides of the active wheel each with a motor drives. Medium and small bridge crane is increasingly used brakes, reducer and electric generator synthetic one of three-in-one drive mode, a big weight of ordinary bridge crane for ease of installation and adjustment, device drivers often adopt universal shaft coupling. Crane operation organization generally in four active and driven wheels, if lifting weight is very big, commonly used to increase the wheel to reduce the pulley. When more than four wheels when, must use hinged equilibrium frame device to make the crane load evenly distributed in each wheel. Bridge of metal structure composed by main girder and girders, divided into the single girder frame and main double girder frame two kinds. Single main girder bridge girder and frame is located in single span on both sides of the girders composition, double girder frame girder by two root and girders composition. Girder and girders rigid connection, girders, supporting both ends with wheels in elevated bridge to run on. The main welding have orbit, for lifting car running. Bridge girder structure type more comparatively typical have box structure, four truss structure and open-web truss structure. Box structure can divide again on track box shuang liang, slant rail box shuang liang, slant rail box single girder to wait for a few kinds. Track box shuang liang is widespread adoption of a basic form the girder, consists of flange plate and bilateral vertical webs composition, car rail decorate in the center of the flange plate online, its simple structure, easy fabrication, suitable for mass production, but self-respect greatly. Partial rail box double beam and partial rail box single main section is by the upper and lower flange plate and the different thickness of the Lord vice webs composition, car rail decorate in the main webs, short circuits inside above stiffening plate can save, including partial rail box girder is composed of a single root box girder wide flange instead of two root girder, respect smaller, but manufacturing complex. Four truss structure featured by four plane truss by combined into closing in on the spatial structure, the level of general shop to have walked surface truss bedplate, light dead weight, stiffness big, but compared with other structure size, shape, manufacturing is relatively complex, fatigue strength low, has less production. Open-web truss structure similar to slant box girder by rail, four plates form a closed structure, in addition to the main webs for real abdomen i-section beam outside, the rest 3-piece plate according to the design demand cutting into many window, forming a without rods of open-web truss, in the upper and lower horizontal truss surface covered go bedplate, crane operation organization and electrical equipment installed in bridge internal, self-respect lighter, whole stiffness big in China is that more widespread adoption of a type. Ordinary bridge crane mainly adopts electric drive, it is to be in commonly driver indoor manipulation, also have long-distance bridge crane ，Control. Lifting weight can reach 500 tons, span of 60 meters. payments and plate steel composed of simple beam, with the hand type hoists or electric hoist match on simple car as lifting car, the car is in commonly strander beam under operation on the flange. Bridge along on a high orbits, also can along the suspensory on elevated the following orbits, this kind of crane beam cranes called suspension. Metallurgy special bridge crane in steel production process can participate in particular process operation, its basic structure and ordinary bridge crane is similar, but in lifting cars also has a special working organs or device. This kind of crane characteristics of the work is used frequently, conditions and job level is higher. Basically has five types.Bridge crane safety check to ensure the safe operation of the bridge cranes, in crane operation period to some general safety inspections and inspection items and points as follows: (1) the hoisting height peneumatied device, travel limit switches and all the interlock device performance is bridge crane Often, safe and reliable. (2) the main parts meet safety requirements: less than the original size increase openings less than 10%,15% torsional deformation, Board hook bushing wear less than the original size, 50% of the board hook mandrels wear less than 5%, no spalling, burr, weld repairs. Hook rack and pulley without obvious flaw. Wire rope surface wire wear and corrosion is less than 40% of wire diameter, broken wires in a twined within less than the total silk from the number of 10%, no bufo, without obvious attenuate, without mandrel department of emergence, blind Angle twisting, extrusion, annealing, burning phenomenon. At the end of the wire rope connection and fixed clip next, clips, -200 block connect intact, without loosing, linking piece not less than 2, clip next amount not less than 3. S no crack, links, fixed without shake, A hollow wear less than 20% of the original wall thickness, Safety coil not less than 2 laps, drum and wire rope diameter ratio meets the requirement. Balance wheel fixed intact, the wire rope should comply with the requirements. Brake flawless, without loose, no serious wear and brake clearance sides equal size, have enough braking force, brake with less than 50% of the original thickness wear. Through the bridge crane safety routine inspection, to prevent accidents and reduce equipment accidents and improve equipment availability, reducing maintenance cost etc are plays a remarkable role.桥式起重机桥式起重机是横架于车间、仓库和料场上空进行物料吊运的起重设备。由于它的两端坐落在高大的水泥柱或者金属支架上，形状似桥。桥式起重机的桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行，可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料，不受地面设备的阻碍。它是使用范围最广、数量最多的一种起重机械。桥式起重机是现代工业生产和起重运输中实现实现生产过程 机械化、自动化得重要工具和设备。所以桥式起重机在室内外工矿企业、钢铁化工、铁路交通、港口码头以及物流周转等部门和场所均得到广泛的运用。桥式起重机可分为普通桥式起重机、简易梁桥式起重机和冶金专用桥式起重机三种。普通桥式起重机一般由起重小车、桥架运行机构、桥架金属结构组 成。起重小车又由起升机构、小车运行机构和小车架三部分组成。起升机构包括电动机、制动器、减速器、卷筒和滑轮组。电动机通过减速器，带动卷筒转动，使钢丝绳绕上卷筒或从卷筒放下，以升降重物。小车架是支托和安装起升机构和小车运行机构等部件的机架，通常为焊接结构。起重机运行机构的驱动方式可分为两大类：一类为集中驱动，即用一台电动机带动长传动轴驱动两边的主动车轮；另一类为分别驱动、即两边的主动车轮各用一台电动机驱动。中、小型桥式起重机较多采用制动器、减速器和电动机组合成一体的“三合一”驱动方式，大起重量的普通桥式起重机为便于安装和调整，驱动装置常采用万向联轴器。起重机运行机构一般只用四个主动和从动车轮，如果起重量很大，常用增加车轮的办法来降低轮压。当车轮超过四个时，必须采用铰接均衡车架装置，使起重机的载荷均匀地分布在各车轮上。桥架的金属结构由主梁和端梁组成，分为单主梁桥架和双梁桥架两类。单主梁桥架由单根主梁和位于跨度两边的端梁组成，双梁桥架由两根主梁和端梁组成。主梁与端梁刚性连接，端梁两端装有车轮，用以支承桥架在高架上运行。主梁上焊有轨道，供起重小车运行。桥架主梁的结构类型较多比较典型的有箱形结构、四桁架结构和空腹桁架结构。箱形结构又可分为正轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形双梁、偏轨箱形单主梁等几种。正轨箱形双梁是广泛采用的一种基本形式，主梁由上、下翼缘板和两侧的垂直腹板组成，小车钢轨布置在上翼缘板的中心线上，它的结构简单，制造方便，适于成批生产，但自重较大。偏轨箱形双梁和偏轨箱形单主梁的截面都是由上、下翼缘板和不等厚的主副腹板组成，小车钢轨布置在主腹板上方，箱体内的短加劲板可以省去，其中偏轨箱形单主梁是由一根宽翼缘箱形主梁代替两根主梁，自重较小，但制造较复杂。四桁架式结构由四片平面桁架组合成封闭型空间结构，在上水平桁架表面一般铺有走台板，自重轻，刚度大，但与其他结构相比，外形尺寸大，制造较复杂，疲劳强度较低，已较少生产。空腹
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