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链传动 双向 伸出 结构设计

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链传动双向伸出货叉的结构设计,链传动,双向,伸出,结构设计

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山东轻工业学院毕业设计（论文）中期进展报告表学 院机械工程学院专业班级机械05-4班学生姓名金玉良学 号200501042122 导师姓名范维华设计（论文）题 目链传动双向伸出货叉设计根据设计要求和货叉性能参数，在老师的指导下，前段时间主要完成了开题报告、英文翻译、实习报告的工作，并查阅相关的资料，拟定了设计方案。初步完成了货叉中动力装置的选择，传动机构的设计，货叉整体装配图。电动机的选择主要根据货叉所承载货物的重量来估计，计算出行走轮在导轨上的摩擦力。摩擦系数的选择查阅了机械设计手册。根据摩擦力和设计要求的水平行走速度初步计算出电机功率。然后，根据各级传动机构的效率来确定电动机功率。电机输出的功率通过联轴器传到主动链轮，主动链轮通过链条将电动机功率输出来带动中层货叉运动，上叉的运动由链轮实现从而完成货物的存取。链轮链条传动的设计参考了机械设计手册，根据电机输出转速以及传递功率计算出链轮的一系列参数。完成了电动机功率输出轴的设计，实现了链轮、张紧链轮的定位，并对轴进行了应力校合。应力校合根据第三强度理论，对弯扭组合变形进行应力计算。在设计过程中，自己遇到的问题在老师和同学的帮助下，基本上都得到了解决。在以后的设计中将继续查阅相关资料，参考现有的设施对装配图进行优化。同时绘制零件图。根据设计要求，在老师的指导下，顺利完成各项工作。2009年05月22日指导教师评价意见1设计（论文）进展情况评价 （基本完成计划、部分完成计划、没有完成计划）2学生工作态度情况评价 （认真、一般、较差）3已完成设计（论文）质量评价 （较好、一般、较差）4设计（论文）不足之处及改进意见 指导教师签字： 年 月 日注：每名学生填写一份，并由指导教师填写意见、签字后，返还学生归档。山东轻工业学院毕业实习报告院系名称 机 械 工 程 学 院 学生姓名 金 玉 良 专业班级 机械设计制造及其自动化05-4 指导教师 范 维 华 二九 年 四 月 十五 日1时间地 点实习内容（讲座、参观、车间工作、总结等）指导教师备注3月10日2#JT404讲座：毕业实习动员大会高进宫涛万金领3月11日学校统计实习人数、通报实习地点宫涛3月12日至 4月3日图书馆、网络查阅相关资料、了解实习单位情况宫涛4月6日中国第一拖拉机集团有限公司到达实习单位，准备实习张玉伟宫涛王明禄4月7日中国第一拖拉机集团有限公司上午：进厂安全教育讲座 下午：参观一拖第一装配厂张玉伟宫涛王明禄4月8日中国第一拖拉机集团有限公司上午：参观一拖齿轮加工厂 下午：集中讲授发动机有关知识张玉伟宫涛王明禄4月8日中国第一拖拉机集团有限公司上午：参观一拖第一发动机厂、第三装配厂 下午：自由活动张玉伟宫涛王明禄4月9日中国第一拖拉机集团有限公司实习总结、准备回校张玉伟宫涛王明禄 4月10日学校回校张玉伟宫涛王明禄4月17日下午 济南烟草物流公司参观烟草的分拣、仓储物流系统，部长对系统流程做了详细的介绍范维华 金玉良实习报告一、 实习目的或研究目的1、实习目的和意义1）、验证和扩大本专业的相关内容，为毕业设计做准备通过毕业实习具体参观常用机械设备，进一步加深我们对机械这一行业的认识，并从实际上验证和扩大理论知识，使我们完成从理论到实际的转变。2）、具体观摩企业产品的生产、管理过程 在生产实习的基础上进一步熟悉企业的生产过程，从总体上了解一产品从设计、加工、装配、调试到出厂的过程；同时培养学生树立理论联系实际的工作作风，以及在生产现场将所学过的理论知识加以验证、深化、巩固和充实，并培养学生进行调查、研究、分析和解决工程实际问题的能力。3）、了解企业工厂的组织结构及组织管理 通过企业各厂房负责人的介绍，了解企业的构成，熟悉企业的组织结构和管理方法。4）、虚心向工人师傅学习，为以后就业做好准备 通过向工人师傅、工程技术人员学习产品加工和操作方法，培养正确的工作和为人处事的态度，增加对自己专业的认识，为以后进入企业就业做好认识准备。2、实习公司简介 1）、中国一拖集团有限公司 中国一拖集团有限公司是我国“一五”时期兴建的 156 个重点建设项目之一。一拖公司目前已发展成为以农业装备、工程机械、动力机械、车辆和零部件制造为主要业务的大型综合性机械制造企业集团，最大的子公司第一拖拉机股份有限公司是我国唯一在香港上市的农机制造企业。一拖公司所拥有的“东方红”商标为中国“驰名商标”，五十年来，累计为社会提供大中小型拖拉机、工程机械、动力机械等产品 300 多万台，向国家上缴利税 45 多亿元，相当于建厂初期国家投资的 16 倍。一拖公司拥有国家首批认定的 42 家国家级企业技术中心。 2003 年至今，完成省级自主创新新产品、新技术鉴定 27 项，获得中国机械工业科学技术奖、省（市）科技进步奖等 67 项。 “十一五”期间，一拖公司通过建设拖拉机、压路机、非道路柴油机等全国或区域性产业基地，将一拖建设成为国内先进装备制造企业，为实现“中原崛起”和新农村建设做出更大的贡献。作为共和国农机工业的“长子”，一拖集团公司得到毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛等党和国家领导人的亲切关怀。1959年10月，周恩来总理在视察一拖时谆谆教导：“你们是中国的第一啊，要出中国第一的产品，出中国第一的人才，创造中国第一的业绩”，周总理的教诲后来被一拖人尊为企业的核心价值观。1995年，一拖建厂四十周年庆典前夕，江泽民总书记亲笔题词：“发扬一拖精神，为农业现代化作出新贡献”。这里，是中国第一台拖拉机、第一台压路机和第一台军用越野汽车的诞生地，“东方红”这个响亮的名字，见证了新中国农机工业的发展历史和改革开放的全过程。经过五十余年的发展，一拖已经由建厂初期的农机制造企业，发展成为以农业机械、工程机械、动力机械、车辆和零部件制造为主要业务的大型综合性机械制造企业集团。 五十多年来，一拖累计为社会提供了200多万台拖拉机和100多万台工程机械和动力机械，大中小型拖拉机市场占有率和社会保有量居全国首位。改革开放以来，累计向100多个国家和地区出口数万台拖拉机、压路机等产品，出口创汇数亿美元。 2008年2月20日，国务院国资委正式批准了国机集团与一拖集团重组方案，这是中国装备制造业的一件大事，也是一拖发展进程中的又一个历史性时刻，中国一拖，又面临重新打造“东方红”的历史性机遇。2）济南烟草物流公司二、 实习内容及要求1、企业有关负责人对我们进行了安全教育讲座，增强我们的安全意识。2、参观工厂如何组织生产和技术管理，企业概况，生产的主要产品和主要加工设备3、进一步学会如何阅读图纸，了解加工产品结构和用途、技术要求、结构工艺与技术制造工艺性、零件的合理性。4、观察设备的加工过程，了解各种不同传动方式的传动装置。5、学习思考各种不同机床夹具的定位原理及辅助装置的结构。6、企业负责人对气缸的生产工艺流程做了详细的讲解。首先给我们介绍了机体的情况：1）机体是骨架，需要有足够的刚性和强度。2）材料：气缸体的材料是球墨铸铁 铝合金然后给我们介绍了气缸体和气缸套的形式：1) 平分式：上曲轴箱、底平面一体品平分线右同一个平面上。2)龙门式气缸体：刚性、强度较好、大型机、组合式、滚动轴承。3)气缸套：灰口铸体、耐磨. 4)气缸套：干式气缸套装入气缸体后，其外壁不直接与冷却水接触，而和气缸体的壁面直接接触，壁厚较薄，一般为13mm。 湿式气缸套装入气缸体后，其外壁直接与冷却水接触，气缸套仅在上、下各有一圆环地带和气缸体接触，壁厚一般为59mm。 最后给我们讲解了气缸体的具体工艺。7、具体从整体层次了解一种产品如何从设计、加工、装配、调试、包装、出厂的过程，为毕业后进厂工作做好准备8、去济南烟草物流公司进行参观实习，对物流系统的分拣、仓储有了初步的了解，对物流系统中一些机械零部件有了初步的认识。三、 实习总结和体会本次实习以参观为主、讲座为辅。通过带队老师的指导以及企业有关负责人的介绍，我们对中国一拖有了更深的了解，同时系统的了解了产品的整个生产过程，将我们所学的理论知识和实际生产结合起来。下面就是本次实习的一些总结和体会。 首先，通过实习，使我了解到作为一个企业在为社会创造价值的同时安全是首要任务通过进行进厂安全教育讲座，我们知道了进入一个企业要注意的问题，这不仅是出于企业效率的考虑，更是对人身安全的负责。比如在此次参观实习的中国一拖中，新进员工要进行三级安全教育，告诉我们在工厂中不要穿拖鞋、要戴好劳保用品、要将长头发束起、不准开袖口、在加工点不要打闹、不要吸烟喝酒等等。无规矩不成方圆，一个企业无论从哪个方面考虑都应该有一套自己的规章制度。这次实习，加深了我对自己行为举止的认识，为以后进入企业要注意什么问题有了了解。其次，态度决定一切，要有团队意识，要有不断学习、不断追求、不断创新的精神 工作后我们不可能在想在学校一样有老师督促学习，有考试可以检验学习成果，而是一切要靠自己主动去学去争取，老职工可以帮助你少走弯路，企业还可以通过不断的培训来提高你的专业能力，所以我们一定要学会自主学习；再者在企业里要有积极的工作态度，在单位里你作为其中的一份子不只在为企业创造利润，同时也在提高自己，所以我们要积极主动地向别人学习，争取多做事、少说话，这样才能多积累进而提高自己；还有在企业中要有团队精神，要有基本的礼貌，要有欣欣向荣的进取精神，这样才能展现企业的精神面貌。再次，拓宽了自己的知识面，对自己有了重新定位这次实习，通过参观中国一拖和济南烟草物流中心，使我了解到科技的力量，真正体会到科技是第一生产力的内涵。同时从实际方面拓宽了我们的眼界和知识面；经过和一线师傅的聊天，对自己以后的工作有了重新定位。在工作中要有不怕累、不怕苦的精神，要知道刚进企业你不能立即为企业创造利润，也需要到车间工作一段时间，这都是可以理解的，要找准自己的位置，不能为此对企业心生不满。最后，在实习中也发现了很多自己的不足一、缺乏工作经验，因为没有离开校园，所以在一些参观学习重点难点方面，分不清主次，我想随着以后的工作的进行，经验必定会得到积累的；二、工作学习态度仍不够积极，在实习期间，对老师布置的任务不能很好的完成，对一些难点技术问题，不能很好的查阅资料完成，没有任务时不能自主学习；三、态度不够认真，在企业中只有严谨认真的工作态度，有追求完美的精神，更要有不断进取的毅力，这样才能不断提高自己，为企业创造更多的价值，从而实现自己的人生价值。指导教师评语：实习成绩：指导教师： 年 月 日6山东轻工业学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告课题名称链传动双向伸出货叉的结构设计课题类型工程设计X导师姓名范维华学生姓名金玉良学 号200501042122专业班级机械05-4一. 目的及意义链传动双向伸出货叉是现代仓储物流系统的重要设备之一，是有轨巷道堆垛机的主要工作装置，其作用是随载货台沿有轨巷道堆垛机立柱轨道上下升降运动，在作业货位停准定位，进行叉取作业。本课题设计的链传动双向伸出货叉主要用于教学和研究目的，可广泛应用于高等学校物流实验室中，作为物流实验装置。近年来，随着企业生产与管理的不断提高，越来越多的企业认识到物流系统的改善与合理性对企业提高生产率、降低成本非常重要。二.目前现状 现代产业物流管理中，产品和原材料采用现代化立体仓库周转储运是发展方向。现代储运立体仓库通常由固定的立体货架和自动化堆垛机2部分构成，由堆垛机实现物料自动化入库出库。而货叉是有轨巷道堆垛机装置中重要的存物取货机构。货叉下挠度，是堆垛机的一项非常重要的性能参数，直接关系到堆垛机是否能正常工作。因结构型式、材料及加工热处理工艺的限制，同等状况下，目前国内立体堆垛机的货叉下挠度要比国外大20%30%。改进货叉结构，合理选材，提高工艺手段，是减少货叉下挠度，保证堆垛机工作性能的重要措施。世界主要工业国家都把着眼点放在开发性能可靠的新产品和采用高新技术上，更加注重实用性和安全性。在堆垛机货叉方面，我们应当看到和世界发达国家的差距，总结经验，找出不足，打破传统思路，推出新的外形和更高性能的堆垛机。相信，通过我们的不断努力，必能设计出结构安全、可靠性能高的堆垛机货叉，为增强我国综合国力，为我国填补一分科技空白。三研究设计内容堆垛机的主要机械动作有转运车巷道运输行走, 货物周转箱自动提升下落, 货叉伸缩向立体货架存物取货。其中, 货叉的自动伸缩机构设计难度最大, 主要体现在（1）为了尽可能合理利用立体货架空间, 自动伸缩货叉机构在满足刚度要求的前提下, 应尽可能降低自身高度, 结构也不宜复杂庞大。（2）为使货物在立体货位上摆放整齐, 稳定可靠, 货叉伸出行程应大于等于物品周转货箱的长度。（3）为使堆垛机存物取货动作灵活可靠, 货叉伸缩机构应尽可能减小摩擦阻力和机构运动间隙。（4）根据巷道堆垛机的工作空间限制, 为使货叉结构紧凑, 尽可能降低造价, 伸缩货叉的原动机应重量轻、体积小,动作行程短, 满足货叉双向伸缩的工作行程要求。 设计要求：货叉长度500mm，货叉宽度300mm，货叉伸出长度550mm，货叉负重100kg。中叉运动链传动，上叉采用链传动倍增机构。要求定位精准，效率高，可靠性高，结构紧凑，并具有一定的智能化。此设计属开发设计。四研究设计方法及技术路线 货叉装置是堆垛机存取货物的执行机构，装设在堆垛机载货台上。货叉可以横向伸缩，以便两侧货格送入或取出货物。货叉一般采用三级直线差动式伸缩货叉，由上叉、中叉、下叉（固定叉）及起导向作用的滚针轴承等组成，以减少巷道的宽度，且使之具有足够的伸缩行程。货叉的动作包括伸叉、微起升（微下降）、收叉三个动作。货叉的结构形式采用链轮链条方式。下叉安装在载货台上，中叉可在链轮链条的驱动下，从下叉的中点下左或向右伸出比自身长度一半稍长的长度。上叉由两根滚子链驱动，链条的一端固定在下叉或载物台上，另一端固定在上叉上。货叉机构的传动原理是由电动机通过限力矩联轴器、减速机、链轮和链条带动货叉传动链轮使上叉或中叉作伸缩运动。限力矩联轴器可防止货叉伸出时卡住或遇障碍物而损坏电动机。五 毕业设计时间安排3月中旬：领取设计题目3月中旬到4月初：查阅相关资料，初步提出设计方案4月6日到10日：进行毕业实习4月下旬：撰写开题报告和实习报告，并提出设计方案4月下旬到5月初：进行结构方案设计，绘制装配草图5月初到六月初：进行设计计算，对方案中涉及到的各轴、轴承、齿轮、键、带等零部件进行选择并对其刚度、强度等进行核算，并绘制零件图、装配图6月上旬：整理、编写任务说明书，并打印零件图、装配图、任务说明书，准备毕业答辩六参考文献：1、张晓川.现代仓储物流技术与装备.北京：化学工业出版社，20032、孟初阳.物流设施与设备.北京：机械工业出版社，20033、姜大力.现代物流装备.北京：首都经济贸易大学出版社20044、蒲良贵，机械设计.北京：高等教育出版社，2001指导教师意见：指导教师： 2009 年 月 日注：课题类型填写：工程设计、技术开发、软件工程、理论研究等，同时注明X真实课题；Y模拟课题；Z虚拟课题At present mold technology development tendency currentIndustrial production characteristic is the product variety many, renews quick and themarket competition is intense. In this kind of situation, the user the request which makes to the mold is the date of delivery short, the precision high, the quality good, the price is low. The mold technology development will be supposed to adapt with these requests) 。（1） comprehensively will push in the mold design manufactureCAD/CAM/CAE the technique mold CAD/CAM/CAE technology, is a mold technological development important milestone. The practice proved that, the mold CAD/CAM/CAE technology is the mold design manufacture development direction. Now, comprehensively popularizes the CAD/CAM/CAE technology the condition basically to be mature. Along with the microcomputer software development and the progress, the technical training work also day by day simplify. In in the popularization promotion mold CAD/CAM technology process, should hold the opportunity, key support domestic product mold software development and application; Enlarges technical training and technical service dynamics; Further expands the CAE technology the application scope. Has the condition the enterprise to be supposed positively to complete the mold CAD/CAM technology the deepened application work, namely the development enterprise information project, may from CAPP PDM CIMS VR, gradually deepen and the enhancement. Uses in mold design manufacture computer software, to the intellectualization, the integrated direction will develop 。（2）fast prototype system （RPM） and the correlation technology will obtain well sendsFast prototype system （RPM） the technology is US first promotes. It is following, is one kind of brand-new manufacture technology which the computer technology, the laser forming technology and the new material technology development produces, is/piles up (namely the material tired )potential forming thought based on the novel separate, according to the components CAD model, fast automatically completes the complex three dimensional entity (model) to make. TheRPM technology is the collection precision machinery manufacture, the computer, the NC technology, the laser forming technology and the materials science most recent development high tech technology, is recognized after is continues the NC technology a technological revolution。The RPM technology may be direct or indirectly use in the mold manufacture. First is firmly conceals SLA through the three-dimensional light), folds the level solid system (LOM), the laser electoral district agglutinates (SLS), three dimensional hits minister 3D-P), fuses deposits FDM) and so on the different method to obtain the workpiece prototype. Then through some traditional fast pattern making methods, obtains the long life the metal mold or the nonmetallic low life mold. Mainly has the precision casting BR powder metallurgy, the electrolytic casting and the melt shoots (hotly spurts drips and so on the method. This method pattern making, has technological advance, the cost lower, the design manufacture cycle is short, the precision suitable medium characteristic, to the manufacture completes from the mold conceptual design,only is the tradition processing method needs the time dish 1/3 and about cost 1/4. Therefore, the fast pattern making technology and the fast prototype manufacture technology union, will be the traditional fast pattern making technology further thorough development direction. Makes the prototype after the RPM technology, or uses the material object, the use to revolve casts makes the mold with the rubber to be possible fast, the low cost to make the small batch components, the prospects for development is very good. The RPM technology also may solve the graphite electrode pressure vibration (to grind) center the female mold (electrode to grind has) makes the difficult question, causes this law to obtain the new student. The Qingdao Haire mold limited company has also constructed based on RE (the reversion project technique /RPM mold parallel development system, has the development quality high, the development cost low and the development cycle is short and so on the merit 。（3）the fast cut processing will obtain a more widespread applicationThe overseas recent years developed the high speed cut processing, the main axle rotational speed might 40000-100000r/min, be quick speed may reach for the speed stabs 0-40r/min, the acceleration may reach 1g, traded the knife time to be possible to enhance 1-2s. Like this large scale enhanced the processing efficiency, and may obtain Ra = mu m the processing surface roughness. Moreover, but also may process degree of hardness 60HRC the module, has formed to the electric spark forming processing challenge. The high-speed cutting processing and the tradition machining compares also has lowly (the processing work piece only to rise , the thermal deformation is small and so on the merit. At present it to higher has been agile, the intellectualization, the integrated direction develops. High speed cut must with corresponding software, the processing craft, the cutting tool and its clamps to coordinate. The high speed cut processing technology development, promoted the mold processing technology development, to the automobile, in the electrical appliances profession the large-scale cavity mold manufacture has specially poured into the new vigor 。（4）The mold rapid scanning and the digitized system will display in the reversionproject does in a big way。The high speed scanner and the mold sweeping system, obtained the application in our country more than 200 molds factories spot, obtains the good effect. This system has provided scans from the model or the material object to processes many functions which the expectation the model needs, greatly reduced the mold in the development manufacture cycle. Some rapid scannings system, but fast installs in already the numerical control milling machine and in the processing center which has, with leini Shaos SP2-1 scanning measured the realization fast data acquisition, the gathering data may automatically produce each different numerical control system through software the processing procedure and the different form CAD data, uses in the mold manufacturing industry the reversion project. High speed scanner scanning velocity most Gao Ke3 m/min, greatly reduced the mold manufacture cycle。 Because the mold sweeping system in profession and so on automobile, motorcycle, electrical appliances has achieved success the application, believed willplay the major role in the period of the first five-year plan. The reversion project and the parallel project will play the more and more vital role in the next mold production。（5）The electric spark cut processing technology will obtain the developmentThe electric spark cut processing technology also is called the electric spark to create the processing technology, this is one substitution tradition with takes shape the electrode processing cavity new technology, it has the simple tubular electrode which high speed revolves to make three dimensional or the two-dimensional outline processing (likes the numerical control mill one) , therefore no longer needs to make complex takes shape the electrode, this obviously is the electric spark forming processing domain significant development. Overseas had uses this technology the engine bed to apply in the mold processing. Estimated this technology will obtain thedevelopment 。（6）The superfinishing and the compound processing will obtain the development Department and so on aerospace has applied a nanotechnology, must have tohave the superelevation precision the mold manufacture superelevation precision components. Along with the mold to is precise and the large-scale direction develops, processing precision ultra 1mu technology and so on m superfinishing technology and collection electricity, chemistry, ultrasonic wave, laser synthesizes in the together compound processing will obtain the development. Will have both two kind of above crafts characteristics the compound processing technology to have broad front Pu in the next mold manufacture。（7）The hot flow channel technology will obtain the promotionBecause uses the hot flow channel technology the mold to be possible to enhance workpiece the productivity and the quality, and can large scale save the workpiece the raw material and saves the energy, therefore widely applies this technology is a plastic mold big transformation. Overseas hot flow channel technology development very quick, many plastics molds factory production mold had one partly uses the hot flow channel technology, some factories 8% above, the effect extremely has been even obvious 。The home in the last few years started to promote the application, but the overall cannot achieve 10%, the individual enterprise has achieved about 30%. Draws up the hot flow channel primary device the national standard, positively produces the moderate price high grade primary device, is develops the hot flow channel technology key 。（8）Gas assistance craft and so on injection technology and high-pressured injectionforming further will send 。The gas assistance injection forming is one kind of plastic forming new craft, it has the injection pressure low, the product warp distorts young, the surface quality good as well as is easy to form merit and so on wall thickness difference bigger product, may in under the guarantee product quality premise, large scale reduce the cost. Overseas quite has been mature. Domestic at present gradually is promoting the use in the automobile and in the electrical appliances profession. The gas assistance injection forming package takes the BR plastic melt body injection friendly to cause generally to use the nitrogen) to inject forms two parts, has the more crafts parameter compared to the traditional ordinary injection craft to need to determine and to control, moreover the gas assistance injection commonly used to a more complex large-scaleproduct, the mold design and the control difficulty is bigger, therefore, developmentgas assistance forming flow analysis software, appears extremely importantly 。In order to guarantee the plastic precision, will continue to study the development high pressure injection forming craft and the mold as well as the injection compression takes shape the craft and the mold. In the injection forming, affects the forming precision the biggest factor forms the contraction. The high-pressured injection forming may force the tree shrinkage, the increase plastic size stability. The mold request rigidity is good, bears the high pressure. Specially the precision mold the cavity should quench, is dense：A. The forming partial planted agent manages slightly; B. May obtain the shrink hole few thick walls forming; C. Regarding models a narrow part also to be possible to pour into the resin; D. Can obtain the fine product with the small injection strength. This kind of mold ideal mold structure is: A. When injection resin by low flow resistance rapidly filling cavity; B. After fills can interdict the pouring oral area immediately. C. The compressibility effect should only the being restricted in cavity department。The metal, the ceramic powder injection forming craft process 75, 85 the technical attack, 95 starts the industry. This craft is suitable for the manufacture geometry shape complex, precise and has the special request small zero to imitate （0.2-200 ）, production efficiency high, is easy to realize the mass production. Will coordinate this craft the mold to send along with this craft development 。（9）The mold hydroform technology further will develop shouldThe hydroform craft is the mold rises one craft method which the shape technology uses, in the past and so in the similar product obtained the widespread application in the belt pulley, at present this technology has developed the automobile profession, used its technological process in the automobile spare part production is: Using the fitting or in two steel plates between, under the seal condition, through pours into the high-pressure oil, causes it the cavity to suppress according to the mold needs the shape the workpiece. This method simplified the mold structure and reduced the vice- number, overcame the material has seriously changed the thin condition in the convention forming process, improved the product quality, large scale reduced the production cost. Presently the Shanghai volkswagenwerks B5 vehicle type product uses this craft to become 。But as a result of the formed craft limit, certain curving changed the big component along the ordinate axis section still not to be suitable. Moreover, lies between the forming bribes the high pressure along to transmit between the plate or the fitting introduction question, solved not very is still satisfied. Therefore waits for further develops this craft, obtains the development in more domains to be supposed 。（10）The mold standardization degree unceasingly will enhanceOur country mold standardization degree unceasingly is enhancing, estimated present our country mold standard letter use putor has reached stabs about 30%. The overseas developed country generally is about 80%. In order to adapt the mold industrial development, the mold standardization work will certainly to strengthen, the mold standardization degree further will enhance, the mold standard letter production also will will certainly to obtain the development。(11) in order to adapt to the mold life request, the high quality material and theadvanced surface treatment technology further will receive heavily In the entire mold price constitution, the material accounts for the proportion not to be big, generally between 10%-30%, therefore selects the high quality steel products and the application corresponding surface treatment technology enhances the mold the life to appear extremely essential. As for the molding tool steel that, must use the electricity dregs heavy melt craft, diligently enhances the steel the purity, dengxian, sends the density and uniform and the development high performance or the special performance molding tool steel. If uses the powder metallurgy craft manufacture the powder high-speed steel and so on. The powder high-speed steel solved carbide which in the original high-speed steel smelting process produced to be thick and the segregation, thus influence material quality question. Its carbide tiny, organization even, does not have the material directivity, therefore it has toughness high, rubs truncates the technology capability well, the resistance to wear is high, the elder uses the size steadily to grade the characteristic, is one kind has the development future very much the steel products. Specially complex flushes and the high speed ramming mold to the shape, its superiority is more prominent. This kind of steel products also are suitable to the injection take shape the increase glass fiber or the metal powder reinforced plastics mold, like cavity, shape core, jiaoko and so on major component. Moreover, the molding tool steel variety specification diversification, the product concentrated feed, the product, reduces supplies goods the time also is the important direction as far as possible. Other high quality mold material like hard alloy, ceramic material, compound material and so on expanded application, also is extremely important 。Mold heat treatment and surface treatment whether can fully display the molding tool steel material performance the essential link. The mold heat treatment development direction uses the vacuum heat treatment. The mold surface treatment eliminates consummates the popularization common surface processing method, namely expands infiltrates for example: The cementation, intan, inpen, inluo, infiltrates outside the vanadium, should develop the equipment to be expensive, the craft advanced gas phase deposition (TiN, TiC ), the plasma spurts spreads and so on the technique 。Because the aluminum alloy material weight light, the cutting value good, the heat conduction daodianlv high, the welding performance is fine, makes the mold material with it to be possible to reduce the pattern making cycle and reduces the mold cost, also uses in the plastic mold to be possible 10,0000above lives, therefore carries on the high-speed cutting with the aluminum alloy to manufacture the fast economical mold to obtain a more widespread use in the world, our country also started to use. Estimated from now on will be able to obtain a quicker development 。（12）The mold will grind polishes to the automation, the intellectualizeddirection developsThe mold surface precision work is in the mold processing has not been able one of very good solution difficult problems. The mold surface quality to mold aspect and so on service life, workpiece outward appearance quality had a more tremendous influence, our country at present still to the handwork grinds polishes primarily, not only the efficiency low (approximately composed the entire mold cycle dish1 /3), also the worker labor intensity was big, the quality was unstable, has restricted our country mold processing to the higher level development. Therefore, the research polishes the automation, the intellectualization are the important development tendency. Japan has developed the numerical control grinder, may realize the three dimensional curved surface mold automation to grind polishes. Moreover, because the mold cavity shape is complex, any kind grinds polishes the method all to have the certain limitation. Should specially pay attention to the development to grind with polishes the method, like the extrusion grinds, the electrochemistry polishes, supersonic polishes as well as compound polishes the craft and the equipment, improves the mold surface quality。 （13）Mold automatic processing system development and developmentAlong with each kind of new technical rapid development, overseas appeared the mold automatic processing system. This also is our country long term development goal. The mold automatic processing system should have the following characteristic: Many engine beds reasonable combination; Has accompanies to locate the jig or to locate the plate; Has the integrity the machines and tools, the cutting tool numerical control storehouse; Has the integrity the numerical control flexible synchronous system; Has the quality to monitor the control system department 。（14）The hypothesized technology will obtain the developmentThe computer and the network development is causing the hypothesized technology possibly to become. The hypothesized technology may form the hypothesized spatial environment, the realization hypothesized cooperation design, the manufacture, the cooperation research development, until establishment hypothesized enterprise. 95 the period mold profession started to explore regarding this, the period of the first five-year plan should have the development。（15）Faces, high speed, comfortable, the style development along with theautomobile, the automobile body mold on the one hand must adapt the new automobile body manufacture material （like aluminum alloy, the plastic and so on）, on the other hand must to large-scale, the complication and the high accuracy direction develops in order to is better unifies with the automobile body production, mold production department besides mold design manufacture, but also must simultaneously do well the development, the coordination body design, the paper vehicle manufacture, the technological design and so on each link. Therefore the request enterprise has a higher overall quality and the comprehensive level.目前模具技术的发展趋势当前，工业生产的特点是产品品种多、更新快和市场竞争激烈。在这种情况下，用户对模具制造的要求是“交货期短”、“精度高”、“质量好”、“价格低”。模具技术的发展应该与这些要求相适应。（1）在模具设计制造中将全面推广CAD/CAM/CAE技术; 模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术，是模具技术发展的一个重要里程碑。实践证明，模具CAD/CAM/CAE技术是模具设计制造的发展方向。现在，全面普及CAD/CAM/CAE技术的条件已基本成熟。随着微机软件的发展和进步，技术培训工作也日趋简化。在普及推广模具CAD/CAM技术的过程中，应抓住机遇，重点扶持国产模具软件的开发和应用；加大技术培训和技术服务的力度；进一步扩大CAE技术的应用范围。有条件的企业应积极做好模具CAD/CAM技术的深化应用工作，即开展企业信息化工程，可从CAPP PDMCIMS VR，逐步深化和提高。用于模具设计制造的计算机软件，将向智能化、集成化方向发展。（2）速原型制造(RPM)及相关技术将得到更好的发展快速原型制造(RPM)技术是美国首先推出的。它是伴随着计算机技术、激光成形技术和新材料技术的发展而产生的，是一种全新的制造技术，是基于新颖的离散/堆积(即材料累加)成形思想，根据零件CAD模型，快速自动完成复杂的三维实体(模型)制造。RPM技术是集精密机械制造、计算机、NC技术、激光成形技术和材料科学最新发展的高科技技术，被公认为是继NC技术之后的一次技术革命。RPM技术可直接或间接用于模具制造。首先是通过立体光固化(SLA)、叠层实体制(LOM)、激光选区烧结(SLS)、三维打印(3D-P)、熔融沉积成形(FDM)等不同方法得到制件原型。然后通过一些传统的快速制模方法，获得长寿命的金属模具或非金属的低寿命模具。主要有精密铸造、粉末冶金、电铸和熔射(热喷涂)等方法。这种方法制模，具有技术先进、成本较低、设计制造周期短、精度适中等特点，从模具的概念设计到制造完成，仅为传统加工方法所需时间的1/3和成本的1/4左右。因此，快速制模技术与快速原型制造技术的结合，将是传统快速制模技术进一步深入发展的方向。用RPM技术制造出原型后，或用实物，使用旋转铸造(用热硬化橡胶做模具)可快速、低成本地制造小批量零件，发展前景很好。RPM技术还可以解决石墨电极压力振动(研磨)成形法中母模(电极研具)制造困难问题，使该法获得新生。青岛海尔模具有限公司还构建了基于RE(逆向工程技术)/RPM的模具并行开发系统，具有开发质量高、开发成本低及开发周期短等优点。（3）速铣削加工将得到更广泛的应用 国外近年来发展的高速铣削加工，主轴转速可达40000-100000r/min，快速进给速度可达到30-40r/min，加速度可达1g，换刀时间可提高到1-2s。这样就大幅度提高了加工效率，并可获得Ram的加工表面粗糙度。另外，还可加工硬度达60HRC的模块，形成了对电火花成形加工的挑战。高速切削加工与传统切削加工相比还具有温升低(加工工件只升高3)、热变形小等优点。目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向发展。高速铣削必须与相应的软件、加工工艺、刀具及其夹紧头相配合。高速铣削加工技术的发展，促进了模具加工技术的发展，特别是对汽车、家电行业中大型型腔模具制造注入了新的活力。(4)模具高速扫描及数字化系统将在逆向工程中发挥更大作用高速扫描机和模具扫描系统，已在我国200多家模具厂点得到应用，取得良好效果。该系统提供了从模型或实物扫描到加工出期望的模型所需的诸多功能，大大缩短了模具的在研制制造周期。有些快速扫描系统，可快速安装在已有的数控铣床及加工中心上，用雷尼绍的SP2-1扫描测头实现快速数据采集，采集的数据通过软件可自动生成各种不同数控系统的加工程序及不同格式的CAD数据，用于模具制造业的“逆向工程”。高速扫描机扫描速度最高可达3m/min，大大缩短了模具制造周期。由于模具扫描系统已在汽车、摩托车、家电等行业得到成功应用，相信在“十五”期间将发挥更大的作用。逆向工程和并行工程将在今后的模具生产中发挥越来越重要的