玉米果穗剥皮机的设计【说明书+CAD+三维】
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玉米果穗剥皮机的设计【说明书+CAD+三维】,玉米,果穗,剥皮,设计,说明书,CAD,三维
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LINKING AND CREATTION OF MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY WITH COMPUTER IN 21 CENTRYModern MachineryAbstract:The concept and connotation of manufacturing automation is always in development, and has become quite extensive The State of the art on manufacturing automation are analysed, and the developing trends are summed as six aspects: global manufacturing,agile manufacturing, manufacturing based on network, virtual manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing. The vertical bearing drill combination machine, which is widely used for its high efficiency. It also analyzes the selections of the positioning of parts, clamps, cutters, and electromotor, as well as the design calculation.Key word: CAD/CAM, Modular machine tool，Modular design, PLC.Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) refer to the integration of computers into the design production procees to improve productivity .The heart of the CAD/CAM system is the design terminal and related hardware,such as computer ,printer,plotter,a tape reader,and digitizer.The design is constantly monitored on the terminal until it is completed.A hard copy can be generated if necessary.A computer tape or other control medium containing the design data guides computr-controlled machine tools during the manufacturing,testing,and quality control.The software for CAD/CAM is a collection of computer programs stored in the system to make the various hardware componrnts perform specific tasks.Examples of software are programs developed to generate a NC tool path,to assembel a bill of materials,or to create nodes and elements on a finite element model.Some of these software packages are referred to as sofware modules and can be classified into four categories:operating systems,generl-purpose programs,application programs and user programs.Although there are other kinds of software,these are suffcient for an explanation of the complexities in developing a CAD/CAM system.UserA system structure and model for a manufacturing service enterprise is developed on Intranet/Internet The system has two tiers: the bottom function tier provides the network for the internal manufacturing environment and integrates the manufacturing processes, the top service tier supports the agility of the networked manufacturing enterprise and manages the workflow of the manufacturing processes. The proposed system is targeted to Rapid prototyping (RP) manufacturing services.Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) has become an important production manner by its flexibility, but many firms have failed to solve the problem to improve the average station utilization through allotting various tasks equally. This paper describes the basic construction and the scheduling control method of FMS. To take into account the workload of the bottleneck workstation, a basic method of the task assignment based on the workload equality in distribution was given. The flexible automation manufacture technology is developing rapidly, flexible manufacture system can be the most representation, the processing system in the flexible manufacture system is the actual execution system to change and finish the task.In flexible manufacturing environment, various internal and external disturbances occur stochastically and dynamically and a requirement for fast and effective rescheduling is needed. In such cases, to realize dynamic scheduling effectively, a structure model of dynamic scheduling decision system was presented and a filtered-beam-search based heuristic algorithm was proposed as the kernel of the model. The proposed algorithm makes improvement in the generation procedures of branches and the local/global. Flexible assembled fixture was designed. With the fixture, the goal of integrating the lathing and welding process in one machine was achieved. This can simplify the whole process and improve the welding quality. Review the research actuality and fixing methods toward flexible manufacturing. Discuss the principle, chief components and process of the reference free part encapsulation (RFPE) technique. Point out the weakness of this technique in production practice. Put forward and develop a universal fixture system with rapid locating and state memory and promote its practical application in agile manufacturing.Flexible manufacturing technology is novelty concept pattern and new developing trends to realize unborn factory, it is also strategic action to decide developing future of manufacturing enterprises. Based on flexible manufacturing technology, design scheme of new MCCB technical equipment system was brought forward to realize machinery flexibility, technology flexibility, producing capacity flexibility, extending flexibility, maintenance flexibility and control the coherence of product. It brings new product.According to modularization design theory, the modules of aggregate machine tool are divided in this paper on the basis of function analysis. Taking UG software as developing flat, the parametric 3D modeling module bank is set up. The database for storing the data used in design is also set up at the same time. Under the guiding of the system, users can complete such tasks as module choice, module combination, and calculation, etc. Therefore, computer aided modularization design of aggregate machine tool can be realize. Through synthetical application of CAD technology and various design methods，a theory of the quick-responded adaptive design is put forward based on feature-based parame-terized modeling system and modular design method Taking spindle box of modular machine tool for example，the quick re-construction of modular moz3hine tool is realized by using UG softwareThis paper gives a feasible technology routine for design of modular machine toolBased on the characteristics of the design of machine tool, the modular designing technology is applied to CAD system for modular machine tool. The modules of machine tool are divided according to their different functions. The interface between the modules is designed based on the principle of assembly. The system which is developed on UG supports the modular designing technology and includes parametric-driving 3-D models which correspond to every module of machine tool. When designing aggregate machine tool, many clamps are general and standard parts. This paper describes how to use AutoCAD as the developing tool to design and develop. the clamp components library and achieve parameter drawing. This method can be extended to the other parts of aggregate machine tool and set up the parts library. So it makes the design simple and the efficiency improved and brings considerable benefits. According to modularization design principle, the modules of multi-spindle box of modular machine tool are divided on the basis of function analysis. By combining 3-D CAD technology with modularization technology and taking Unigaphics (UG)as the software development flat, the parametric 3-D modeling module bank of multi-spindle box is set up by means of its strong 3-D modeling function and assembling function. The database for storing the data used in design is also set up at the same time.This paper has developed the system of training CAD and boxes CAM of major axis boxes by VB. It may finish the procedure of obtaining the data, training CAD and boxes CAM. The characteristics of the system is more optimization and more highspeed of the design. It improves the productivity and accuracy of boxes. Put forward a mode of developing three-dimensional variational CAD for the multispindle box of modular machine, and developed a set of practical three-dimensional variational CAD system for the multispindle box by using existing CAD software-Solid Edge. This provides an efficient tool for improving efficiency of designing the multispindle box. The standardized and assembled fixture of machine tools is created in Pro/Engineer, s mass of function and method of group technology, and establishing a library of component includes standardized parts and generalized parts, forming a design, s library on fixtures of machine tools, Designing fixtures of machine tools. This kind of design, s library on fixtures of machine tools applies simply and expands easily. A numerical control machining-oriented box CAPP system was developed based on Pro/E, which solves the problem of conversion between CAD and CAPP, achieves automatic recognition and extraction from design feature to manufacturing feature, and integrates with CAD.In the view of the mass customization several manufacturing systems including the modular production system are compared in this paper. The characteristics, design method and application foreground of the modular production system are analysed. The research results showed that the modular production system with higher productivity and better flexibility, lower investment and higher benefit is much suitable to the Chinese situation.Parallel Machine Tool (PMT) whose principal axis is connected with machine base adopts multi-poles parallel structure, which breaks traditional concept. Thus, the rigidity of Machine Tool, the precision and quality of process are improved. Moreover, the high-speed process can be done easily. It conquers many shortcomings of the traditional machine tool, such as tool processing only along fixed path, the lower degree of freedom of tool-task and so on. CNC system of PMT is based on the open architecture,.The over-restriction of a parallel kinematic machine (PKM) is simplified and through analysis the 1-differential and 2-differential kinematic equation, the identified parameters among which there are strong relationships are eliminated and it proves that the vertical tolerance along z axis is approximately only related with the non-vertical coefficient of the two columns, so that the parameter errors are classified from the view of output errors. A novel parallel machine-tool mechanism based on the compound-sphere-joint is presented. The parallel machine tool consists of a moving spindle system and a fix base connected by 5-SPS serial chains. The moving spindle system is made up of two compound-sphere-joints, one of them is a three-layer sphere-joint connecting three SPS serial chains; the other is a two-layer sphere-joint connecting two SPS serial chains. The two-sphere-joints spindle system replaces the general moving platform and the main axis. Dynamics of a type of 3-HSS parallel kinematic machine is dealt with, and the research on the trail tracking control method is also done at the same time. First, the reverse solution model of position, velocity and acceleration of parallel kinematic machine is deduced including parallelogram strut structure and the outer translation pair driving fashion. Parallel machine tool numerical system needs kinematics transform module to perform coordinates transform between Cartesian space and joint space. In order to increase design efficiency and quality of parallel machine tool (PMT),a main process of PMT virtual concept design is researched. Based on ADAMS, a design platform of PKM virtual prototype is developed. A parallel mechanism case base and a modular component base are built. The management of the parallel mechanism case base and the modular component base and virtual assembly of PMT are realized. By using animated technique and simulating analysis function of ADAMS, kinematic simulation and analysis of PMT.Conventionally mechanical engineers design the schematic 3D layout at first, and then represent it in 2D, assembly drawing. This 3D layout can be only expressed in 3D isometric projection by quite a few masters. But it can be hardly used as precise engineering drawing. In the last decades, researchers undertook works on 3D reconstruction. Nowadays, computer-aided 3D assembly drawing can be implemented by using CAD software systems. Accordingly, the unit assembly and detail drawing can be done automatically.A parametric drawing software of combination machine project CAD System is developed based in using HIGH C/C+3.04 and ADS (AutoCAD Development System) language. It makes design simple, decreases design cycle and improves design quality. The probability and necessity of combination machine applying CAD technique, the program framed box, the two key problem in program design, the characteristic and reliability in program design is introduced. The vertical bearing drill combination machine, which is widely used for its high efficiency. It also analyzes the selections of the positioning of parts, clamps, cutters, and electromotor, as well as the design calculation.References:1 LI Yugui, YANG Xiaoming, GAO Xuejie. Study on static characteristic of PWM high speed on/off valve3. Joumai of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute, 2002, 23(1): 68-71. (In Chinese)2 DENG Xiaohang. Design of the fluid pulse modulation digital testing and control laboratory bench.Machine tool&hydraulics，2004(12):120-122. (In Chinese).21世纪制造业和计算机的结合与创新现代机械摘要：分析了计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造的内涵，论述了制造自动化的研究现状，总结了制造自动化的“六化”发展趋势，即制造全球化、制造敏捷化、制造网络化、制造虚拟化、制造智能化和制造绿色化。关键词：CAD/CAM, 组合机床，模块化设计，PLC。计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）指的是将计算机应用于设计和生产过程中以提高生产率。CAD/CAM系统的核心是设计终端和相应的硬件，诸如计算机、打印机、绘图仪、磁带机和数字化仪等，设计在被完成之前始终在终端显示器上被监视，如果需要还可以进行硬拷贝。含有设计数据的计算机磁带或其他控制媒介在制造、测试和质量控制过程中驱动着数控加工设备。用于CAD/CAM的软件是储存在计算机系统中的程序集合，用来驱动各种构成硬件完成特定任务。如生成NC（数控）加工路径、装配材料清单、在有限元模型中生成节点和单元的程序。有些软件包指的是软件（程序）模块，可分为一下四类：操作系统、通用程序、应用程序和用户程序。虽然还有其他功能模块软件，但这足以说明研发CAD/CAM系统的复杂性了。CAD/CAM系统中的用户程序是为产生专用输出结果的专业针对性极强的软件包，如用户只要输入一些像齿数、节圆直径之类的参数，就可由用户程序自动生成齿轮。还可用另一类程序在给出刀具尺寸、材料、切削深度等信息后，计算切削时的最佳进给和转速。这类程序通常都是用户在通用软件供应商提供的软件模块基础上自己开发的。尽管用户程序可大大节约时间和精力，但不是所有的CAD/CAM软件包都有用户程序。 计算机图形计算机图形系统计算并储存物理相关数据，以确定精确位置、尺寸标注及每个设计单元的其他征。借助于这些相关设计数据，用户设计人员可在工件制品加工前进行复杂的工程分析、生成材料清单、生产报告、检查设计的不相容性。利用计算机图形学，可将二维图转成三维线框和实体模型。 线框模型简单的线框模型是表示几何模型最经济的一种方法，在检验图形的基本属性和模型的连续性时很有用，但在开发复杂模型时，线框模型就有局限性，实体模型可解决线框模型中出现的大部分问题。 实体模型主要有三种结构实体的技术：构造实体几何法（CSG）、边界表示法（B-Rep）、和分解实体模型。构造实体几何法（CSG）是用各种几何体诸如圆柱、球面、圆锥等经过布尔运算后生成的实体。边界法中，先定出物体轮廓，在通过线性或径向扫描，用其中所包含的区域表示实体。分解实体模型与边界法相似，但加强了构造时有限元模型。商业化软件包中，并不单纯使用某一中方法，例如，在构造实体表达法中可能会用到边界法技术生成初始模型，而在边界法或分解法中可能会用布尔代数法，利用圆柱或圆锥去修剪模型，生成孔洞。计算机辅助制造侧重于一下四方面：数控、工艺规程编制、自动化操作和生产管理。 数控计算机辅助制造（CAM）中数控的重要体现在：可用计算机从几何模型或制品直接生成数控程。目前，这种自动化能力还仅仅限于非对称和其他特殊形状制品。未来，有些公司可能根本不用图纸，就可以通过数据库将产品信息直接从设计传送到制造工序。由于计算机设计与制造使用同一个集成数据库，生成的计算机模型数是一样的，所以随着图纸的消失，好些问题也会随之而去。这样即便部门之间在地域上离得很远也不影响工作，因为实际上他们是通过办公桌上的终端连在一起的。 工艺规程制定工艺规程包括从生产到结束的每一个工序，与计算机辅助制造相连的工艺制定系统几乎不用人工参与就可直接从几何模型数据库生成工艺过程。 自动化制造系统自动化机器人完成了许多改进，如在线装配、在线焊接和线喷涂等。 生产管理生产管理用于交互的工业数据收集以便及时获得和生产相关的信息，并用该数据计算出制造的先后次序，动态的确定下一步要做的工作，从而保证标准制造程序的正常执行。另外，为适应特殊要求，可直接对系统进行修改，无需召集计算机编程专家。网络技术特别是Intranet/Internet 技术的迅速发展,正在给企业制造活动带来新的变革,并给未来的CAD/CAM环境开辟了一个新的领域。未来的CAD/CAM环境将是全球化、网络化、敏捷化的制造群体,不同成员提供各自的制造设备及其分布式设计制造过程的管理。本文介绍了作者在Intranet/Internet下建立的Internet服务企业的系统结构和模式。该系统包括两层结构:底层功能层实现制造环境内部的网络化,完成制造过程的集成;上层服务层实现网络制造企业的敏捷化,完成制造过程中工作流信息管理。本文以快速成形制造服务作为实现对象。在快速成形制造服务中,功能层采用分布结构提供设计制造功能单元,包括CAD插件、截面数据提取单元。服务层采用工作流机制,实现客户、设计人员、工艺人员、加工人员和管理人员之间的协作和协同工作。目前本系统架构于微软的分布式DNA=,未来将采用跨平台的JAVA/CORBA并且引入智能设计和制造。柔性制造系统(FMS)以其灵活性成为现代企业非常重要的生产方式,但如何均衡分配各设备的负荷以提高系统的利用率一直没能很好地解决。柔性自动化制造技术迅速发展,其中柔性制造系统最具代表性,柔性制造系统中的加工系统是实际完成改变物性任务的执行系统.针对柔性制造环境中内外扰动的动态随机发生和快速、高效的重调度需求,构建了动态调度决策系统结构模型,提出了一种基于过滤定向搜索的启发式算法作为模型的核心算法.为了更好地搜索调度解空间和更好地集成作业的交货期、优先权重和资源负载平衡,算法改进了节点分枝策略和局部、全局评价函数.以作业交货延迟时间加权平方和最小为性能指标,通过实例仿真,对算法性能进行了分析评价和比较,结果表明了该算法对实现柔性制造系统动态调度的有效性和实用性.柔性组合夹具,达到了将车削加工工艺和焊接加工工艺同时在同一个专用设备上完成的目的,简化了制造工序,提高了焊接质量。回顾国内外关于面向柔性制造系统的工件安装方法及其研究动态，无基准零件密封技术的基本原理、组成和工艺过程，指出了该项技术用于生产实际尚存在的不足，提出并研制了快速寻位与状态记忆通用夹具系统，以促进RL&SM安装技术在敏捷制造中的应用。柔性制造技术是实现未来工厂的新颖概念模式和新的发展趋势,是决定制造企业未来发展前途的具有战略意义的举措。基于柔性制造技术,提出了新塑壳断路器工艺装备系统的设计方案,实现了机器柔性、工艺柔性、生产能力柔性、扩展柔性、维护柔性,控制了产品的一致性。使传统塑壳断路器有了新的生产模式,同时对其他低压电器的柔性制造也具有借鉴意义。根据模块化设计原理,在功能分析的基础上划分组合机床的各级模块。以三维设计软件UG为开发平台,建立了组合机床各级模块的参数化三维造型模板库,同时还建立了存放设计过程中所需数据的数据库。用户在系统的引导下可完成设计过程中的模块选择、模块组合和设计计算等环节,从而实现了计算机辅助组合机床模块化设计,提高了设计效率。为综合运用CAD技术和各种设计方法，建立了以模块化设计为基础，采用参数化特征造型，进行快速响应的变型设计的理论。以组合机床主轴箱为例，以UG软件为平台实现了组合机床的快速重构，为组合机床的设计提供了可行的技术路线。根据组合机床设计特点,将模块化设计技术应用于组合机床CAD系统。以分级模块化为主导思想,在功能分析的基础上划分组合机床的各级模块并按照面向装配设计的原则设计了模块接口。以三维设计软件UG为开发平台,针对组合机床的每一级模块建立相应的全参数化三维模型库,开发出支持模块化设计的组合机床CAD系统。针对设计组合机床的夹具元件都是通用件、标准件，利用 Auto CAD软件开发工具、设计、开发了夹具元件库，实现了参数化绘图此方法可以扩展到组合机床其它元件上，建立 相应元件库，从而简化了设计，提高了效率，具有实用价值和可扩展性根据模块化设计原理,在功能分析的基础上划分了组合机床多轴箱的各级模块。将三维CAD技术与模块化技术相结合,以UG为软件开发平台,利用其强大的三维造型功能和装配功能,建立了组合机床多轴箱参数化三维造型模板库,同时还建立了存放设计过程中所需数据的数据库。设计人员在系统界面的引导下可完成模块选择、模块组合和设计计算等环节,从而实现了计算机辅助组合机床多轴箱三维模块化设计,提高了设计效率。用VB开发了主轴箱传动CAD及其箱体CAM一体化系统。该系统利用人机交互的方式完成数据的获得、传动系统的CAD和箱体的CAM工作,它的使用可使主轴箱传动系统的设计更优化、更快捷 ,使箱体的加工生产率提高 ,准确性增加。提出了一种组合机床多轴箱三维变量化CAD的开发模式,并利用现有的CAD软件Solid Edge开发出实用的多轴箱三维变量化CAD系统,为提高多轴箱的设计效率提供有效的工具。应用PRO/Engineer强大的功能模块,用成组技术的分类方法,创建机床标准组合夹具,建立和开发相应的标准件、通用件元件库,成形机床夹具设计库,进行机床夹具应用设计。这种机床夹具设计库开发应用简单,拓展容易。以Pro/E为开发平台,开发一种面向数控加工的箱体零件C
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