A Study of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Among Middle School Students英语毕业论文

1、a study of vocabulary learning strategies among middle school students thesis statement if students can enlarge the vocabulary effectively, their interest of english can be aroused and their learning efficiency can be improved. abstractthis paper discuses middle school learners strategies in learnin

2、g of vocabulary .the vocabulary, an integral part of language, plays an important role in the process of learning language. so middle school english learners must acquire a large number of vocabularies. then, how to acquire vocabulary efficiency ? the strategies study in this paper includes direct a

3、nd indirect strategies of enlarging vocabulary and the five steps of vocabulary learning are helpful for middle school learners. if the learners can learn these strategies of acquiring vocabulary easily. of course, if the middle school learners can realize the features of vocabulary and know that th

4、ey are complicated and the vocabulary of english language is very large. various occupations and disciplines have their specialized vocabularies, they can acquire vocabulary effectively. at the same time, proper strategies on guiding middle school learners to acquire vocabulary are also important. t

5、herefore, in english language learning, the middle school learners must attach importance to all kinds of guidance in this paper on acquiring vocabulary including the guidance of guessing words and using reference books and dictionaries and other guidance. much attention should be paid to the traini

6、ng of the learners ability to learn and to use english. vocabulary training should be reinforced in order that students can pronounce a word correctly and understand its meaning well. if the students master the way to remember the words in a simple but scientific way, they can enlarge vocabulary eff

7、ectively, their learning interest can be generated and learning efficiency can be improved.key word: study; middle school learner; vocabulary摘要：本文研究的是中学生学习英语词汇的技巧的问题。词汇是语言学习的一个重要组成部分。因此，中学英语学习者必须要掌握大量的词汇。那么，如何有效地学习和掌握英语单词呢？本文中提到的扩大词汇量的直接法、间接法和五步学习法等几种学习技巧，对中学生是有很大帮助的。如果学生能学会这些快速掌握英语词汇的技巧，他们就会很有效地扩大英

8、语词汇量。同时，正确地引导中学生学习英语词汇也是提高英语词汇习得的一种方法。 outline . introduction. literature review 2.1. direct and indirect strategies of vocabulary acquisition 2.2. five steps of vocabulary acquisition 2.2.1. encountering new words 2.2.2. getting the word form 2.2.3. getting the word meaning 2.2.4. consolidating wor

9、d form and meaning in memory 2.2.5. using the word. strategies on guiding middle school learners to acquire vocabulary 3.1.guiding middle school learnershow to use referenece book and dictionaries3.2. guiding the technique of guessing words3.3 other guidance about vocabulary acquisitioniv.conclusion

10、 the vocabulary, an integral part of language, plays an important role in the process of learning language. the important of vocabulary is illustrated by wilkins who says“without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”1.to middle school learners who learn for

11、eign language, mastering vocabulary of language is an important aspect of improving quality of learning language. however, because of complicated features of english vocabulary, it often brings many difficulties to middle school learners in the process of learning language. some middle school learne

12、rs are good at grammar, and they can even master the principles of grammar exactly. however, no matter how well they learn the grammar, no matter how successfully the pronunciation is mastered, they cant still understand the materials of reading and listening very well because of the limited words o

13、r the misunderstanding of the meaning of words. they cant still communicate and write an article in english. the learners often complain that they cant remember the new words easily or the words, which are remembered, are often forgotten very soon .they even complain that some new words are remember

14、ed, but they dont know how to use them correctly. therefore, to middle school learners, the ability of learning, expanding and using vocabulary is very important. as teachers of english, we must study and discuss learners strategies in the acquisition of vocabulary.in order to teach students to enla

15、rge their vocabularies in an effective way, attention should be paid to the following features of english vocabulary.1. the vocabulary of english language is very large, due to its manifold sources, probably the largest of all language; various occupations and disciplines have their specialized voca

16、bularies2. english vocabulary is subjected to constant change. according to the lexicographers. the rapidity with which words come and go is vastly accelerated in the recent decades as the result of the rapid expansion of knowledge and technology.3. a word, especially an active one, may have many “s

17、ense”, and moreover , acquire new sense.4. the meaning of a word or phrase in a text can only be inferred by relating the sense given in the dictionary to the context, linguistic, or sociocultural.5. fixed expressions are not always self-evident. the meaning of a fixed expressions are not be inferre

18、d through a knowledge of the normal sense of its constituent words. what is more, certain types of fixed expressions are closely bound to the history and culture of the englishspeaking countries.6. the collocation of a word may or may not be fixed.2. literature review2.1. direct and indirect strateg

19、ies of vocabulary learning according to nation. “there are two strategies of acquiring vocabulary. that is direct and indirect”2 .in direct vocabulary acquisition, students do exercise and activities that focus their attention on vocabulary. such exercises include word-building exercises, guessing w

20、ords from context, learning words in lists, and vocabulary games. in indirect0vocabulary, students attention is focused on some other feature, usually the message that is conveyed by speaker or a writer. if the amount of unknown vocabulary is low in such message, considerable acquiring vocabulary ca

21、n occur even the students attention is not directed toward acquiring vocabulary. krashen calls this the input theory of language learning to occur. first, the learners must be interested in understanding the message. from the point of view of vocabulary acquisitions, this interest cerates a need to

22、understand the unknown. words in(the message are just beyond present level of achievement. these items, however, should be understandable from the context in which they occur, this include both language and non-language context. third, the learners should0not feel worried or frightened by their cont

23、ext with foreign language”3.one of essential ideas we advocate is that there should be a place for both direct and indirect acquiring vocabulary. opportunities for indirect acquiring vocabulary should take up more time in a language course that direct acquiring vocabulary activities. in other words,

24、 contact with language in use shuld0be given more time than de contextualized activities. the range of contextualize activities of course the range of the uses of language. as long as suitable conditions for language learning applies. such as those described by krashen then indirect vocabulary acqui

25、sition can take place.in vocabulary acquisition, teachers must pay attention to some points of following: the time available, the age of students, the amount of contact with english outside school hours, and the teachers theory of how language is best neared. the four ways described below are listed

26、 from the most indirect to the most direct.1.materials are prepared with vocabulary acquisitions as a consideration.2.words are dealt with as they hippo to occur. this means that if an unknown word appears in a seeding passage, the teacher gives some attention to it at the moment it causes a problem

27、.3. vocabulary is acquired in connection with other language activities.4. time is spent either in class or out of school on the study of vocabulary with an immediate connection with some other language activities.2.2. five steps of vocabulary enlargementin above exploration, i have mentioned strate

28、gies of vocabulary acquisition: direct and indirect. in fact, both direct vocabulary acquisition and indirect vocabulary acquisition include the five steps of following: “encountering new wordsgetting the new word fromgetting the word meaning consolidating word form and meaning in memoryusing the wo

29、rd”. new word analysis encountering new words is the first important step of vocabulary acquisition, that is, having a source for words. the students strategies here included “learning new words by reading book, listening to tv and radio, and reading newspaper and magazines”5. as far as incid

30、ental learning of vocabulary goes. this step is obviously the most vital. because incidental learning of vocabulary must occur if second language learners are to approach a vocabulary that compares with that of native speakers. this step is very important. therefore, reading is not only way in which

31、 learners encounter new words. the learners must listen as good way to acquire vocabulary. at the same time, the teacher must train the learners interest or motivation of learning vocabulary.2.2.2. getting the word formthe second step essential to vocabulary appears to be getting of a clear imageof

32、the form of the vocabulary item. this step was shown in comments such as “associating new words with word that sound similar in my native language” “writing the sounds of words using sound symbols from my native language”, “associating words that are similar to words in other language i have know” a

33、nd “seeing a word that look like another word i already know”.the important of getting the from of the word also appear when students are asked to give definitions for words. beginning students are particularly likely to make mistakes that are obviously related on confusions of the form of one word

34、with the form of other words. in one experiment learner were given an english sentence write one word underlined and were asked to write their native language translation of the word. their translations ware then back translated to english.2.2.3. word meaning the third essential step in the learners

35、 reported strategies is the one which is most often associated with the idea of vocabulary acquisition: getting the word meaning. this step includes such strategies as “ ask people who speak my native language the meaning of new words” “making pictures of word meanings in my mind” and “explaining wh

36、at i mean and asking someone to tell me the english word.”although the depth of definition needed may vary and the sources from which meaning can be extracted may be quite different, all learners must get the meaning of words in some manner or the words can never be considered truly acquired.2.2.4.

37、consolidating word form actionthe fourth necessary step of vocabulary acquisition is consolidation of form and meaning in memory. many kinds of vocabulary acquisition drills, such as flashcards, matching exercise, crossword puzzles, etc. strengthen the form-meaning connections. almost all of the ten

38、 memory strategies that oxford mentions consolidate the connection between word form and meaning in memory. he divides these strategies into general categories: “(1) creating mental linkages, (2) applying images and sounds. (3) reviewing well, (4) employing actions”6. which method learners use for t

39、his step doesnt seem to be as important as they do it. the more words learners can get through this step, the more words they will know overall.2.2.5. usage the words the final step of vocabulary acquisition is using the words. some would argue that this step is not necessary if all that is desired

40、is a receptive knowledge of the word. such an argument can apply to many of the other processes as well, since a great amount can be comprehended in context even if a reader or listener knows about many of the words being used. however, if the goal is to help learners move as far along the continuum

41、 of word knowledge as they can, word use is essential. furthermore, use seems to provide a mild guarantee that words and meaning will not fade from memory once they are acquired.possibly because the use of a word tests the learners understanding of the word learners feel more confident about their w

42、ord knowledge once they have used a word without undesired consequence. use of the word may simply be a form of hypothesis testing, allowing learners to see if the knowledge gained in the other steps is correct. students use the new words at least once was likely to lead to increased use of the word

43、s eventually because of the greater confidence which the students had in their word knowledge.in addition to increasing confident and knowledge, use of words seems to be necessary for students to test their knowledge of collocations, syntactic restrictions, and register appropriateness. so, learners

44、 may not know such things when they have only a receptive knowledge of vocabulary.although five essential steps which learners acquire vocabulary learning is a broad range of activities, strategies or techniques that individuals use at each step, the necessity of the steps seems more constant, learn

45、ers need all five in order to have full knowledge of the words they want to acquire.3. strategies on guiding middle school learners to acquire vocabularyin language learning and use, vocabulary deserves special attention because it needs continuing development even after the middle school learners h

46、ave acquired a reasonable command of grammar. vocabulary acquisition should not be confined to the acquisition of a certain number of words and phrases, as prescribed in our syllabus; we must emphasize the development of the students ability to learn vocabulary so that they can attain competence for

47、 their various purpose. at the same time, if learners want to acquire more vocabularies and improve the ability of learning language, they must depend on the teachers guidance.3.1. how to use the reference books and dictionariesstudents should be guided how to use various reference books appropriate

48、ly. they should be made accustomed to using various types dictionaries and reference books. if they do not know certain words or idiomatic expressions, at least they know where to find information on them whenever they need to. they should learn when and when not to use dictionaries when they encoun

49、ter phrasal verbs, idiomatic expressions or familiar words in new senses. usually, they have a tendency to consult a dictionary whenever they meet a polysyllabic latinate word; but would not bother with such simple-looking words or phrases as old in the phrase “any old time” “not all there” “to get

50、away from it all” or “make off” even though they can not make sense of them. at the same time, learners reference books and dictionaries must be checked.3.2. the technique of guessing words“the technique of guessing words is undoubtedly the most important vocabulary learning strategy”7. because the

51、material of the reading is of greater numbers. the content is wide. the new words cant avoid. if the new word appears, we stop to look up in a dictionary. it must affect the velocity of reading and harm activeness of the students reading. so it is very necessary of the students to guide skills of gu

52、essing words in reading outside the classroom. first, we must learn to utilize the relation of linguistic context. thats to say, to pay attention to the new word where it lies and two sentences of the front and the back. it will be helpful to guess the new words meaning. at the same time, the proces

53、s of inference or negotiation of meaning is a kind of problem-solving 待添加的隐藏文字内容3activity in which students learn to “exploit the existing competence” and “to extend that competence to make provision for creativity and change”8.second, utilize the way of word-building and master word-root, prefix an

54、d suffix. they are very useful to guess the new words. for example, we have learned the “polite”(有礼貌的)，then we use the way of word-building and infer the word “impolite”(无礼的), “politely”(礼貌地), “impolitely”(无礼貌地), “politeness”(礼貌), “impoliteness”(无礼). guessing the new word is a very important skill o

55、f vocabulary acquisition. so wen qiufang points out, “guessing is a kind of scientific inference, not blind guessing”.3.3. other guidance about vocabulary acquisitionexcept above guidance, the teachers must give constant other guidance over the acquisition process: student should be guided how to ap

56、ply word-formation rules in order that their command of a word can be expanded until it covers its derivatives ( e.g. varyvaried, various, variable, variety invariable, ect )in this way they may acquire the number of new words learned in each text by three or four times. students should be guide how

57、 to organize their vocabulary, classifying words and expressions according to subject matter, style, synonymy or antonym, they should learn to collect common collocations in the course of their reading. giving guidance on how to learn vocabulary and what to learn. assigning prcis tasks for self-study. designing exercises and 10-minute dictation to reinforce certain aspects of vocabulary learning. monitoring the process of inferring meaning in the context.4. conclusionin a word, vocabulary is a language area that needs to be farther studied for middle school l