辛庄小组合作学习管理办法及奖惩及表格(1)资料

1、The primary mediumof Ianguage is oral: speech is Ianguage.2、Theory of learningBehavioral psychology: stimulus-resp onse cha insLear ning prin ciples:1. Foreign Ianguage learning is basically a process of mechanical habit formation.2. Lan guage skills are lear ned more effectively if the items to be

2、lear ned in the target Ian guage are prese nted in sporke n form before they are see n in writte n form.3. Analogy provides a better foundation for Ianguage learning than analysis. Hence the approach to the teachi ng of grammar is esse ntially in ductive rather tha n deductive.4. The meaning of word

3、 can be learned in a lin guistic and cultural con text and not in isolati on.三、Design1、ObjectivesShort-range objectives: Listening comprehensior、 accurate pronunciation,read ing comprehe nsion and producti on of correct senten ces in writ ing.Long-range objectives: To develop in the students the sam

4、e types of abilitiesthat n ative speakers have2、The syllabusA lin guistic syllabus:phono logy, morphology, and syn tax of the Ian guageA lexical syllabus of basic vocabularyLan guage skills:liste ning, speak in g, read ing, writ ing3、Types of learning and teaching activitiesDialoguesDrills -Various

5、kinds of drills : repetiti on, in flecti on, replaceme nt4、Learner rolesOrga nisms that can be directed by skilled trai ning tech ni ques to produce correct resp on sesa reactive role , have little control5、Teachers rolesCen tral and activeModels the target la nguageCon trols the directi on and pace

6、 of lear ningMon itors and corrects the lear nersormnpe rf6、The role of in struct ional materialsTextbookTape recorders and audiovisual equipme nt四、Procedure1、The process of teach ing invo Ives exte nsive oral in struct ion2、The procedures the teacher should adopt ( Brook3、In a typical audioli ngual

7、 less on the follow ing procedures will be observed:a. Recog niti on;b. Imitation and repetitionc. Patter ns drill:d. Follow-up activities五、The decline of Audiolingualism1、 Criticism on two fronts: the theoretical foundations(both inIanguage and Ianguage learning) and the practical results fellshort

8、 of expectati on.2、the theoretical attack: Noam Chomsky s theory oftran sformatio nal grammar情境法与听说法的异同 There are many similarities betwee n situati on al la nguage teachi ng and audioli ngualism.1. The order in which Ian guage skills are in troduced2. Focus on accuracy through drill and practice in

9、 the basic structures3. Secte ncepatter ns of the target la nguageHowever, situati on al la nguage teach ing was a developme nt of the earlier Direct Method and does not have the strong ties to linguistic and behavioral psychology that characterize audiolingualism. The similarities of the two method

10、s reflect similar views about the n ature ofIan guage and of Ian guage lear ning, throughthese views were in fact developme nt from quite differe nt traditi ons.第五章 Communi cative Lan guage Teachi ng又称：功能一意念法(The Functional-Notional Approach )The CLT is an approach to foreign or second Ianguage teac

11、hing which emphasizes that the goal of Ian guage lear ning is com mun icative compete nee. Teaching materials used with the Communicative approach often teach the Ianguage needed to express and understand different kinds of functions. The approach follows a National syllabus and emphasizes the proce

12、sses of com muni cati on to get in formati on, and using Ian guage for social in teracti on with other people.一、BackgroundThe origi ns of the CLT are to be found in the cha ngen the British Ian guage teaching tradition dating from the late 1960s. In the late sixties, the currentSLT was questi on ed.

13、British applied lin guistics bega n to emphasize the fun dame ntal dime nsion of Ian guage teachi ng at that timethe fun cti onal and com muni cative pote ntial of Ian guage. Scholars argued for focus in Ian guage teach ing on com muni cative proficie ncy rather tha n on mere mastery of structures.二

14、、Approach1、Theory of IanguageThe fun cti onal view of Ian guage is the primary one beh ind the com muni cative method. Ian guage as com muni cati onThe characteristics of the com muni cative view of Ian guage1. Lan guage is a system for the expressi on of mea ning.2. The primary fun cti on of Ian gu

15、ageis for in teract ion andcom muni cati on.3. The structure of Ian guage reflects its fun ciati onal and com muni cative uses.4. The primary units of Ianguage are not merely its grammatical and structural features, but categories of fun cti onal and com muni cative meaning as exemplified in discourse.2、Theory of learningEleme nts of an un derly ing lear ning theory:com muni cati on prin ciple, task pri