括号法解决长难句

1、括号法解决长难句一、 什么是 “三长两短一并列”？例句 1： 我是 Lilian 。I am Lilian.（主系表）例句 2： 我教英语。I teach English.（主谓宾）例句 3： 我是来自重庆的Lilian 。I am Lilian from Chongqing.例句 4： 我在希来学园教英语。I teach English at Xilai.例句 5： After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon,I returned to my office.

2、(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).英语中主要的只有五种修饰成分，称为“ 三长两短 ”。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素，再加上同样会使句子变复杂的“ 平行并列结构 ”，统称为“ 三长两短一并列 ”(1)句子主干部分：英语中的五大基本句型主语 +谓语I come.主语 +谓语 +宾语I learn English.主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语You teach us Engl

3、ish.主语 +谓语 +宾语 +补语You make me happy.主语 +系动词 +表语English is interesting.(2)句子修饰成分： “三长两短 ”“两短 ”：形容词、副词“三长 ”：介词短语、从句、非谓语(3)一并列 平行并列结构由“并列词 ” and/ or/ but/ as well as/ not only.but, also./ both. and./ either.or./ neither. nor等. ,将两个或两个以上 “含义相似，结构相同 ”的“并列项 ”连接起来构成的结构。简记为“A and B ”或“A, Band C ”。二、用括号法解决长难

4、句Step 1.预处理给“三长 ”加括号，给“并列词 ”（and, or, but, as well as 等）加方框，给“并列项 ”（ A 和 B）加下划线(1) 标记介词短语 时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).(2) 标记从句 时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。 到句尾终止，如： Lilian is a teacher (

5、who teaches English). 到句中的逗号终止，如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio. 到下一个修饰成分终止，如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing.(to Beijing 是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止) 到下一个谓语动词终止，如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.(3) 标记非谓语动词短语 时，一定是从动

6、词不定式 (to do)、动名词 (doing) 或分词 (现在分词 doing 或过去分词 done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。 到句尾终止，如： Lilian is a teacher (teaching English). 到句中的逗号终止，如：(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio. 到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience.(to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。) 到下一个谓语动词终止，如：W

7、e, (singing a happy song), rode to school.(4) 标记平行并列结构原则上，只要是 “含义相似，结构相同 ”的东西都能并列，所以英语句子中可以并列的东西有很多，读句子的时候要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。如：名词并列： I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.形容词并列： Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.副词并列： You are supposed to answer the fo

8、llowing questions quickly and accurately.谓语动词并列： With the Internet, we can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.介词短语并列：And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.从句并列： I veinishedf reading the book (which is written by Mo Y

9、an) and (which you lent me last month).非谓语动词并列： Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.整句并列： The children can go with us or they can stay at home.注 1：先找 B，后找 AA 和 B 结构相同，含义相似I like the box (on the desk) and the flowers (in your hand) ( which you promised) (to giveme).注 2：一旦出现下一修饰成分，果断结束掉上一修饰成分，

10、不管上一成分本身结束了没。Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which isa beautiful city) ( ofStep 2.做直译一个括号一个括号地翻译Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).黄洁是一个老师 教英语 在海口 它是一个美丽的城市 中国的注 3；英语是“挂钩”的语言，每个括号里的第一个单词都称为挂钩单词，可以通过每个挂钩单词提问和回答问题，将一

11、个个括号连接起来。 括号里的第一个单词都成为Step 3. 调语序后修变前修，增删个别词Huang Jie is a teacher (teaching English) ( in Haikou) ( which is a beautiful city) ( of China).黄洁是一个老师 教英语 在海口 它是一个美丽的城市 中国的黄洁是一个在中国的美丽城市海口教英语的老师。黄洁是一个老师，她在中国的美丽城市海口教英语。三、例题精讲例 1：(2015 陕西卷 ) Parents (who help their children) (with homework) may actually b

12、e (bringing downtheir school grades). Other forms (of parental involvement), (including volunteering) (at school) and (observing a child s class), also fail (to help), (according) (to the most recent study) (on the topic).例 2：(2015 广东卷 ) One traditional belief (about television) is (that it reduces

13、a child to think)sability) ( and (to understand the world).例 3：(2012 北京卷 )They will be able (to clear away the mystery) ( of mathematics) and face their studies(with more confidence) (than they ever imagined).例 :4：(2012 新课标卷）上文：小时候 “过度学习 ”的东西不会忘The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表 ) are an exception (to

14、 the general rule)(that we forget) (rather quickly the things) (that we learn in school), (because they are another)(of the things ) (we overlearn) (in childhood).例 5：(2013 陕西 )The Department (of Agriculture) has programs (aimed) (at developing more farmers) and (at increasing interest) (in locally

15、grown food).四、随堂练习给下列长句的“三长”加括号，并列词加方框，并用横线标注并列项1. (2015 广东卷 ) When I was a nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing thatwasn t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn t catch anyt2. (2015 四川卷 ) The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers

16、 devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness.3. (2014 新课标 1) If you re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.4. (2014 新课标 1) It was calculated that when its population re

17、ach its highest point, there were more than3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.5. (13 山东卷 ) Hello. It s one of the first words we learned as babies yet it s one of the

18、lto use as adults. That s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello; itof another person s worth.6. (14 江苏卷 )The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food.7. (14 山东卷 )If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forg