英语被动语态总结

1、英语被动语态总结与练习一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 “be过去分词 ”构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时A new cinema is being built here 4) was/were done 一般过去时

2、I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had been done 过去完成时By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 过去进行时A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done 一般将来时Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the

3、 factory closes.8) should/would be done 过去将来时The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）The project will have been completed before July.10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）He told me that his new clothes would have been made very s

4、oon.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当 “动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 ”

5、结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役动词have, make, get 以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen t

6、o walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词 ”， “动词副词 ”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成时态 ) 。 I dont like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1.讲话者

7、不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者( 这时可省 by 短语 )。My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示 “据说 ”或“相信 ”的动词如

8、believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It be过去分词 that 从句 ”或“主语 be过去分词to do sth. 。”有：It is said that据说 It is reported that据报道 It is believed that大家相信 It is hoped that大家希望 It is well k nown that众所周知 It is thought that大家认为 It is suggested that据建议It is said that the boy has passed

9、 the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如 break，catch， clean， drive，lock ，open， sell， read，write ，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义 ,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较： The door wontlock

10、（指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指 “门没有锁 ”是人的原因）2.表示 “发生、进行 ”的不及物动词和短语， 如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, runout, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、 感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel

11、等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1.在 need，want，require, bear 等词的后面， 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（ to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2.形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well wo

12、rth reading（ The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系，与I 是主谓关系。 )试比较：I ll goto the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是 post 动作的执行

13、者。 )4. 在某些 “形容词不定式 ”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit ，hard，difficult ，important ，impossible ，pleasant，interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out 省略了for me） .5. 在 too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (fo

14、r me) to buy.6.在 there be句型中， 当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在物。例 There is no time to lose（ to be lost）（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用重点在人， 用被动形式作定语， to be lost，谁 lost time 不明确。）7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而 ,由于古英语的影响 ,下列动词 rent, blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Who is to blame for starting the

15、 fire?六、介词in, on, under等 +名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义， 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “ under 名+词 ”结构，表示 “某事在进行中 ”。常见的有： under control（受控制） , under treatment（在治疗中） , under repair （在修理中） , under discussion（在讨论中） , under construction （在施工中） 。The building is under construction( is being cons

16、tructed).2.“ beyond+名词 ”结构， “出乎 胜过 、范围、限度 ”。常见的有： beyond belief ( 令人难以置信reach（鞭长莫及）， beyond one s control（无法控制）， beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。The rumour is beyond belief （ =can t be believed）3.“ above+名词 ”结构 , 表示 “(品质、行为、能力等) 超过 、高于 ”。His honest character is above all praise =His honest character canno

17、t be praised enough4.“ for+名 词 ”结构，表示“适于 、 为着 ”。如： for sale( 出售 ), for rent （出租）等。)， beyond one sThat house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5. “ in+名词 ”结构 ，表示 “在 过程中或范围内 ”常见的有： in print （在印刷中） ， in sight( 在视野范围内 ) ，等。（ ）1 The Olympic Games _every four years.A are heldB were heldC are holdi

18、ngD will ho1d（）2. In the art show ， a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is givingB is givenC will giveD has given（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world.A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, o

19、ne of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer.（ ）5. Usually computers _to search the Internet.A. useB. are usingC. are usedD. used（）6. -Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes. Our classroom _every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleaned（）7.一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?一

20、Yes In fact ， it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories around A pollutedB was pollutedC has pollutedD was po11ute（）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before.-Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_,people have done more and more useful things to protect( 保护 )the earthsince Earth D

21、ay.A. is startedB. was startedC. has started（）9. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host.-Congratulations!A. chooseB. am chosenC. was chosenD. haven chosen（）10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year ， and they made our school a beautiful garden A plantB plantedC have plantedD were plant

22、ed（）11.Some famous paintings _in the hall next week.A. will showB. were shownC. is shownD. will be shown（）12. A talk on developments in science and technologyin the school hall next week .A. givenB. will be givenC. has been givenD. gives（）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city.-Right. Many

23、modern tall buildings have been _ these days.A. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up（）14.Twelve-year-olds should notto drive in China.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed（）15. Do you often clean your classroom?Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. Cleaned课后练习（）1 S

24、usan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. I m sorry, but I _ when to meet.A. don t tellB. didn t tellC. haven t toldD. wasn t told（）2 Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear.A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled dow

25、n（）3 - My watch _.- Don t worry. Let s go to the Lost & Found.A. is lostB. is brokenC. has foundD. has stopped（）4 -Did you go to Sams weekend party?-No, I_.A. am not invitedB. wasn t invitedC. haven t invitedD. didn t invite（）5 - How often _ your school sports meeting _?- Once a year.A. does; holdB.

26、 was; holdC. is; heldD. did; hold（）6 On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝 ) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.A. sellB. soldC. is soldD. was sold（）7 The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening.A. has been regardedB.

27、are regardedC. has regardedD. regards（）8 Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou.A. paintedB. were paintingC. were paintedD. had painted（）9 -Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:“Rubbishinto the dustbin.”-Sorry.A, has throwB, was throwC,must throwD , must

28、be thrown（）10 The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008A will holdB will be heldC hold（）11. The girl was often heardhappily in her room.A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings（）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD

29、. will build（）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build（）14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took（）15. -Its difficult for the village children to cros

30、s the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was builtB. is being builtC. has been builtD. should be built（）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it.-But it _ off already! The music is from the radio.A. so that, has been turnedB. when, has turnedC. if, has been turnedD. bec

31、ause, has turned（）17. Usually Johnto school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has takenB. is takingC. is takenD. has been taken（）18. Don t put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may doB. must doC. may be doneD. must be done（）19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Ye

32、ah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was buildingB. was builtC. has built D. is built（）20. Don t discuss the problems with your partner unless you_ to do so.A. askB. are askedC. will askD. will be asked把下列句子改写成被动语态1.They make machines in that factory. _2.Every body likes this song._3.He doesnt show the

33、stamps to me._4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan. _5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble. _6.Do the workers build many buildings? _7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? _8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu?_9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? _10.How many desks do th

34、ey buy every term? _将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词1. We can finish the work in two days.The work_ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk_ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song.An English song _ _ by the children.4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card

35、last week. A New Year Card _her by me last week.6. Peole use metal for making machines. Metal _ for making machines.7. He made me do that for him. I _ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ to the library.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them

36、 a year ago?10.Well put on an English play in our school.An English play _ on in our school.11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets. Colour TV sets_ more and more farmers.12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch _ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ (by us) every day.14.They use knives for cu tting things.Knives_ _ for cutting things.15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers _ for a long time.16.Did he break the window yesterday? _ the window _ yesterday?17.They have sold out t