人教版英语选修七Unit2Robots知识点及语法归纳

1、核心单词1. desire n. 渴望 vt. 想要常用结构：desire sth.渴望得到某物desire to do sth.希望 /渴望做某事desire that sb. (should) do 要求 have a desire for sth./to do sth.渴望得到某物 /希望做某事at one s desire照某人的希望We all desire happiness and health.我们都希望幸福健康。Everyone has a desire for success, but not everyone desires to get rich.每个人都渴望成功，但并

2、非人人都渴望金钱。He desires you to go to see him at once. =He desires that you should go to see him at once.他要求你马上去见他。翻译句子（原创）他想接受大学教育。他们要我快点回来。我请他立即回信。她要你立即见她。她应邀演奏了一曲。解析： He desired a college education. They desire me to return soon. I desire an immediate answer of his. She desires that you (should) see h

3、er at once. She played a piece at others desire/by desire.2. alarm n.警报 vt.使 惊恐We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest.森林失火使我们大为惊慌。常用结构：give /raise the alarm发警报ring the alarm敲警钟sound the alarm发警报 ; 吹警报号take (the) alarm at对 感到吃惊; 因 而惊恐be alarmed at .被 吓一跳As soon as he saw the smoke, he sounded

4、 the alarm. 一看见烟雾，他就鸣响了警报。翻译句子看到孩子们在返校时遭遇车祸的消息，家长们很害怕。看到大火，社区的居民发出警报。答案： The parents took (the) alarm at the news that their children caught a traffic accident when returning the school. The residents in the community raised the alarm when seeing the great fire.3. accompany vt. 陪伴常用结构：accompany sb.

5、to a place陪伴某人去某地accompany sth. with/by sth.与 同时存在He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see what s wrong with his stomach. 他陪他的老父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。Thunders accompanied by heavy rain in this season are very common.这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。翻译句子总统出现了 ,被六个健壮的保镖护随着。回到家乡，他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。答案： The president ap

6、peared and was accompanied by six strong bodyguards. When returning hometown, he was shown around the city accompanied by his old classmates.4.envy常用结构：n.& vt.妒忌；羡慕envy sb. doing/for sth.忌妒或羡慕某人做某事with envy羡慕地；忌妒地be the envy of是令人羡慕 /忌妒的事物out of envy出于妒忌I envy you having such a good friend!我羡慕你有这么一位

7、好朋友！They looked at her new car with envy.他们羡慕地看着她的新车。He was filled with envy of me at my success.他十分羡慕我的成功。They only say such unkind things about you out of envy.他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。联想拓展envious adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的be envious of妒忌 ；羡慕 翻译句子她出于忌妒说了关于你的这些话。汤姆妒忌他哥哥事业上的成功。答案： She said these words about you out of env

8、y. Tom was envious of his brother s success in business.重点短语5. reach for 伸手碰到 /去拿 /够到 He reached for his gun when he heard the enemy s sound.当他听到敌人的声音时就伸手去拿自己的枪。He reached into his pocket for his keys.他把手伸到口袋里找钥匙。联想拓展reach to达到；触到within/out of/beyond one s reach 在某人伸手可及 /够不到的距离单项填空I keep medicines o

9、n the top shelf, out of the children s_.（ 2010 01江苏徐州检测）A. reachB.handC.holdD.place解析：选 A 。考查固定搭配。out of one s reach 意为“在某人伸手够不到的距离”意“孩子够不着” 。；符合句6. test out 考验；试验This model had been tested out before it was put into production.这个型号经过试验后才进行大批量生产。Before the lecture, the professor is used to testing o

10、ut the whole experiment.上课前，这个教授习惯先将整个实验试验一番。联想拓展test on sb./sth. have/take a test in在 (身上 )做实验参加 考试/试验翻译句子成千上万的人们将参加这周日的公务员考试。那个咨询顾问总是先将新的政策在他自己的公司里进行实验。答案： Tens of thousands of people will take an entrance test for government officers this Sunday. The consultant always testing the new policy on hi

11、s own company first.7. ring up 打电话给 On arriving at the airport, he rang up his mother to say everything was OK.一到达机场，他就打电话给母亲报平安。联想拓展ring back回电话ring off挂断电话 ;停止讲话ring a bell唤醒 (经常是模糊的记忆)ring up the curtain开始 (一场演出，一个事件或一次行动)I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。翻译

12、句子今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。见到老板进来，他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。答案： The moment he got up this morning, someone rang him up. Seeing his boss coming, he hurried to ring off and pretended to be working.8. leave .alone 不打扰Leave him alone and he will produce.别打扰他，他会写出来的。You shouldn thave left Andy alone in the mountains, it was v

13、ery dangerous.你不该将安迪一个人留在山上，因为那样非常危险。联想拓展leave behindleave aside留下 ,遗留(把某事 )搁置一边leave forleave out出发前往省去 ;遗漏 ;不考虑He was asked to leave for another city in 24 hours.他被要求24 小时内离开到另一个城市去。The teacher required us to leave out some unnecessary words in our essays.老师让我们将论文中一些不必要的词语省去。翻译句子老板携款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。听

14、到警报，警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。答案： The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind. Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see what happened.9. set aside 将 放到一边；节省或保留（钱或时间）He set all offers aside.所有的提议他都置之不理。；暂时不考虑联想拓展set downset offset outset up记下，写下动

15、身 ;爆炸出发；开始做 创立，建立；竖起He set off for work.他动身去上班。单项填空Try to _at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary.（2010 01山东烟台检测）A. set offB. set outC. set asideD. set down解析：选 C。句意为：争取每天至少抽出1 小时时间学习新词汇。set aside为某种目的留出、拨出（金钱、时间）等，符合句意。10. turn around 转向He heard a voice but when he turned around, he

16、saw nobody.他听到一个声音，但转身却没发现有人。As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。联想拓展turn away把 ( 脸)转过去turn against背叛；反抗turn on/off打开 /关掉turn up出现 ;调大 (音量 )turn down拒绝 ;调小 (音量 )turn out结果是 ; 证明是翻译句子那个年轻的女士无法想像要是她的丈夫背叛她的话会是怎么样。虽然贫穷，但是女

17、孩毅然地拒绝了别人的帮助。答案： The young lady can t imagine what if her husband turns against her. Though poor, the girl turned down others help firmly.重点句型11. Claire didn twant the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn tharm h

18、er or allow her to be harmed.克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里， 特别是在她丈夫离别三周的这个期间。 但是，克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。to be harmed 为动词不定式的被动语态。All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.所有的这些礼物必须马上邮寄，以便在圣诞节时及时收到。It remains to be seen whether Jim ll be fit enough to play in th

19、e finals.吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。翻译句子小汤姆假装被射中了哭喊着要糖吃。此药得一日三次，饭后服用。答案： Little Tom pretended to be shot and cried for a candy. The medicine is required to be taken three times a day after meals.12. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身时， （她发现）Gladys 站在那儿。there stood Gladys Claffern的动词及be 动词

20、的句子中为倒装句。 在谓语为动词,为了强调句子中一些副词go, come, run, stand, live 等表示位置转移there, here, up, down, in, out, away 等，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，句子用全倒装；若是代词，则不用倒装。There comes the teacher and her students. 老师和她的学生们来了。Out rushed the boys.男孩们冲了出去。翻译句子年轻的母亲抱着怀里两个月大的婴儿跑开了。(用倒装结构 )生气的老板和他的秘书走了进来。答案： Away ran the young mother with

21、a two-month-old baby in her arms. In came the angry boss and his secretary.Period 3 GrammarTeaching aims1Revise the passive voice(including the infinitive) and know the exact meaning of the structure.2Be able to use the useful words expressions and structures correctly.Teaching proceduresStep 1 Revi

22、sionAsk students to answer the following questions without referring to the textbook.1What was going to be tested out by Larrys wifeClaire?2 How did Larry Belmont finally persuade his wife to accept the experiment?3 How did Claire feel when she was offered sympathy by a robot?4 What did Tony expect

23、to do about the house before he was to leave and Larry was to return?5 How did Claire feel when she was envied by those women?6 What happened to Tony at last?Suggested answers1The robot was going to be tested out by Larrys wifeClaire.2 Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her

24、 to be harmed.3 She thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.4 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.5 She felt it a sweet victory to be envied by those women.6 Tony had to be rebuilt.Step 2 Grammar learning1不定式的被动形式当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者不定式一般要用被动形式

25、。其被动式可以分为两种一般式和完成式。(1) 一般式to be done表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。It is a great honor_to_be_invited_to speak here.很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。The novel is said_to_be_published_next month.据说这本小说下月要出版。(2) 完成式to have been done表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。The book is said to_have_been_translated_into six languages.这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。The boss

26、preferred_to_have_been_given_more work to do.老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。被动一般式to be done 完成式to have been done2.不定式被动形式的作用(1) 作主语Its an honor to_be_invited to the ceremony.很荣幸被邀请赴宴。Its a pity to_be_kept in the house in such fine weather.在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。(2) 作表语(3) 作宾语She didnt like to_be_treated as a child.她不喜欢被当成

27、孩子。The boy asked to_be_given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。(4) 作宾语补足语Id like my bedroom to_be_cleaned.我想整理一下我的卧室。(5) 作定语He was the last one_to_be_asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。(6) 作状语His mother left the small villagenever_to_be_seen again.他母亲离开了那个小山村再也没有人见过她。3 不定式有些要注意的

28、地方(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去上 to能这样用的动词或动词词组有maketohave但在变成被动语态后需要加letseehearnoticelistentowatch 等。如 We often see him act like that. He is often seen to act like that. 我们常常看到他那样做。(2) 在 cant help buthave nothing to do but 结构中介词 but 后的不定式省去to。如 I cant_help_but suspect his motive. 我不禁怀疑起他的动机。I have_not

29、hing_to_do_but_watch TV . 我没什么事情可做除了看电视。(3) 不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式常见的有easydifficultimportantimpossible一般用主动形式表示被动意义等。其中形容词如 The work is impossible_to_finish in two days. 工作不可能两天之内完成。English is not so easy_to_learn. 英语并不好学。 一些固定用法如“挨骂受责备受批评”用 be to blame“ (东西等 )出租”用 to let 。He is to blam

30、e for what he has done. 他应为他所做的受责备。The house is to let. 房子要出租。Step 3 Exercises1The crowd cheered wildlyat the sight ofLiuXiangwhowas reported _ the worldrecord in the 110meter hurdle race.AbreakingBhaving brokenCto have brokenD to break2I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so go

31、od _.Ato be breathedBto breatheCbreathingDbeing breathed3_ the project as plannedwell have to work two more hours a day.ACompletingBCompleteCCompletedDTo complete4Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couplebut it remains_ whether theywill enjoy it.Ato seeBto be seenCseeingDseen5I hurri

32、ed to the meeting hallonly_ that the meeting had been put off.Ato tellBto be toldCtellingD told6Do let your mother know all the truthshe appears_ everything.Ato tellBto be toldCto be tellingD to have been told7Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.Ato be takenBto takeCbeing takenDtakin

33、g8 It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are used to_plastics products.AmakeusingBmakingusingC makinguseDmake use9 With a lot of problems_the newlyelected president is having a hard time.AsettledBsettlingCto settleD being settledKeys15 CBDBB 69 DAACStep 4 DrillingAsk studen

34、ts to do Exercise1 on Page 14 and then check the answers together.KeysExercise 1 be tested outbe harmedbe offeredwas amazedwas not allowed bediscoveredbe completely transformedwere impressedbe enviedbe rebuilt Ask students todo Exercise 2 and then check the answers together.Keys Exercise 2 1 to be designed 2.to be rebuilt 3.to be accompanied 4.to be known as 5.to be filled with 6.to be tested out 7.to be envied 8.to be set asideStep 5 Using the passive infinitive Translate the following sentences into English using the passive infinitive.1 那本关于圣经的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。2 下周末前