初中英语中考语法名词性从句

1、定性宾语从句中，要否定前移。四、表语从句上海中考英语备考训练上海中考英语语法考点：名词性从句名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。形容词性从句即定语从句；副词性从句即状语从句；名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词1，从属连词五个： that 无词义，在从句中不做成分，在宾语从句中可省略。 whether ，if 有词义，在从句中不做成分， 不可以省略。 as if, as though不做成分。2，连接代词九个： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

2、whomever, whose, which, whichever，有词义，在从句中做成分，不可以省略。3，连接副词七个： when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有词义，在从句中做状语，不可以省略。二 . 主语从句1，主语从句：通常由下列词引导：从属连词 that ， whether ；连接代词 what，who，which，whatever， whoever， whom；连接副词 how， when， where，why等。 It is known to us how he became a writer.2，常用 it 作形式主

3、语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。谓语动词一般用单数形式。It is a fact that，It is an honor that ，It is common，It is a pity that，It is said that，t seems that, It is natural that3，what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a consolation.三、宾语从句1. 由连接

4、词 that 引导的宾语从句 ， that 在句中不担任任何成分，常被省去。2，用 who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，保持陈述语序。3，think, believe, imagine, suppose，guess, expect, fancy, consider等动词引起的否doubt whether, don t doubt that1、在复合句中，位于系动词

5、之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后， 有时用 as if。the reason is thatIt is becauseIt appears/seems thatIt happens thatItturns out thatIt looks as ifIt seems as if2、当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。 whether 可引导表语从句，但 if 不可以。五、同位语从句1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导，that不可以省略 , 可由

6、 whether 引导，不可用 if.2、同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的抽象性名词，如 belief, advice, demand,doubt, possibility, thought, proposal, case, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, request, suggestion, wish, word,reason, question, truth, conclusion, result.等。而定语从句的先行词可以是任何物和人。3、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1 / 4上

7、海中考英语备考训练1）定语从句是形容词性的，与先行词之间存在所属关系，起修饰限定的作用。同位语从句是名词性的，与先行词是同位或等同的关系 , 起补充说明的作用。2）定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时在从句中作主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，不充当句中任何成分。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.定从The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 同从， that 不可省略。3） What 不能引导定语从句，但可以引导同位语从句。I

8、 didnthave the idea what you mean.4）How, when, where, why 的先行词与从句意义相关时，它们是关系副词，引导定从。不相关时，这些词是连接副词，引导同位语从句。Do you have any idea where he lives.He solved the problem why the TV was out of order.There is some doubt whether he will come.以上都是同位语从句。 whether, how 不可引导定从 。The reason why he was late is that

9、he was ill.定从六、名词性 wh-从句wh-词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。 wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.直接宾语： In ones own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语： The club will give whoeve

10、r wins a prize.表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.宾语补足语： She will name him whatever she wants to.同位语：I have no idea when he will return.形容词宾语： Im not sure why she refused their invitation.介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.七、 what 引导的名词性从句1，表示 “ 的东西或事情 ”，相当于 “ the t

11、hing that.; all that.; everything that.：He saves what he earns. What Mary is is the secretary玛.丽的职务是秘书。2，表示 “ 的人或的样子 ”，相当于 the person thatHe is no longer what he was. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?3，表示 “ 的数量或数目 ”,相当于 the amount/number that Our income is now double what it was ten years

12、 ago.4，表示 “ 的时间 ” ,相当于 the time that ：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.5，表示 “ 的地方 ” ,相当于 the place thatThis is what they call Salt Lake City.八、whether 与 if 在作是否的意思时1， 可用 if 的情形：宾语从句一般可用if 或 whether 引导。2， 只用 whether 的情形1) 宾语从句中，在 decide, discuss后，有 or not 时，作介词宾语时， if 会引起歧

13、义时，从句放句首时必须用 whether 。2) 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句及接不定式时。2 / 4上海中考英语备考训练Could you tell me if you know the answer ?Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.选择填空1._ you have done might do harm to other people.A. That B. WhatC. Which D. Thi

14、s2.They have no idea at all _.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place he has gone D. where he has gone3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _.A. where he is most needed B. where he needed

15、C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed5. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like6. Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had putB. where had Alice

16、 putC. where Alice has putD. where has Alice put7. No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like8. _ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known.A. WheneverB. IfC. WhetherD. That9. It worried her a

17、bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. whichB. thatC. ifD. for10. _ you don t like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether11. He asked _ for the violin.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid12. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car

18、. A. howB. whenC. thatD. if13. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It14. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who15. _ we can t get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. What;

19、 thatC. That; thatD. That; what16. _ we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where17. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.3 / 4上海中考英语备考训练A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever18. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery

20、.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where19. It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever20. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where21. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The o

21、ne C. Anyone D. Whoever22. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them.A. thatB. whichC. whicheverD. whatever23. _ she couldn understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. That; what B. What; why C. What; because D. Why; that24. What the doctors re

22、ally doubt is _ my mother will recover fromthe serious disease soon.A. whenB. howC. whetherD. why25. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in thematch.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. There; whetherD. It; whether26. Are you still thinking about yesterday s game? Oh, that s _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited27.Parents are taughttounderstand _ important education is to theirchildren s futureA. thatB. howC. suchD. so28.The road is covered with snow. I