非谓语动词语法讲义最新版

1、、什么？ 非谓语就是指不能做谓语的动词。非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。一、不定式：基本构成：to+动词原形否定：not/neve叶 不定式动词不定式的一些形式变化（以do为例）用法：A. 做主语1. 放句首To see is to believe.眼见为实没有准时到哪里是我的错2. 为使句子保持平衡，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后B. 做宾语1. 跟在动词后面：wish （希望）hope （希望）plan （计划）expect （期待）等2. 跟在形容词后面：able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, cont

2、ent, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager等。C. 做宾补不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。形式：1. 谓语动词 +sb/sth to do sthadvise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force等。我们决不允许这样的事情再发生。2. 省略to、feel, see, watch,observe, hear, notice我昨天听至U他们在唱歌。I heard them sing yesterday.二、make,

3、let, have他希望做什么就让他做好了。_D. 做状语不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。1 表示目的我省钱为了买一台电脑。I m savirngney to buy a computer.2 表示结果My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.（Only to do sth） 表示出乎意料 He got to the station only to find the train had gone.3 表示原因I am very glad to see you.4表示条件To have a talk with hi

4、m, you would like him.5:表程度He was too excited to say a work.He is old enough to go to schoolE. 做表语他的愿望是做一个老师。F :做定语1:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面需要相应的介词The Browns have a comfortable room to live in但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果的time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。He had no place to live （in）不定式既可以是主

5、动语态，也可用被动语态，但是含义略有不同2 :当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者，Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?二、动词ing构成：V-ing否定：not V-ing用法：A. 做主语Seeing is believing.B. 做宾语a. 只能-ing做宾语的只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit承认appreciate感谢avoid避免consider考虑delay耽误dislike讨厌enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅fancy想象feel

6、like想要finish完成forgive原谅give up放弃suggest建议cannot help情不自禁imagine形象include包括keep保持resist抵制mention提及mind介意miss错过risk冒险put off推迟practice练习b. -ing 和不定式都可以做宾语的动词 有些动词，如hate, love, prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。1. f

7、orget forget to doforget doing典型例题The light in the office is still on.Oh, I forgot.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off2 stop stop to do stop doi ng 典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. restingC.

8、 to restD. rest3 remember/forget/regretremember to do remember doing 记着放学后去趟邮局。你不记得以前见过那个人吗 ？典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well, now I regretthat.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have done D. having done5. try try to do try doi ng 你可要多加小心。我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。6. go on go on to d

9、ogo on doing做完数学后，他接着去做物理7 mean to doi ng/to domean to do mean doi ng I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.8 begin(start) doing/to do1. 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用 doing.你几岁时开始弹钢琴？how old were you when you first started playing the piano.2. begin,

10、start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do我开始生起气来。I was beginning to get angry.3. 在 begin,start 后接 know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do 。我开始明白真相。I begin to understand the truth9: can t help (to) do sth 不能帮助做某事Can t help doing sth情不自禁做某事c. 介词后面加动词-ingJason aims at becoming an astronaut.Please excuse me for being

11、late.We like his way of teaching English.C. 做宾补动词-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch,observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。We heard the children shouting upstairs.I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.D. 做状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing

12、形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示时间。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.2表示原因Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.3表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.4表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find

13、the department store.5表示让步。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.E. 做表语 Seeing is believing.F. 做定语(动名词) 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room阅览室running shoes跑鞋a working method工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可

14、表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries 发展中国家an ordinary-looking house看起来很普通的房子三、动词-ed 构成： 动词-ed否定：not/never + 动词-ed动词ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词-ed形式由动词原形扣ed构成，也有一些动词ed形式是不规则的。用法：A. 做表语：动词-ed形式在系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。The students are fully prepared.When we got there, the shop was closed.B. 做宾补1 在感觉动词see, he

15、ar, feel, notice, watch, find等后作宾语补足语。I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night.2 在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。动词-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 动词-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。They all went home, leaving

16、 all the work undone.The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night.C. 做定语动词-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。1前置定语单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。A broken window has been cleaned out.2后置定语作后置定语的动词-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。We have read many novels written by this author.(= th

17、at are written by this author)3 动词ed形式作定语和ing形式作定语的区别动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词-ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行。the risen sun升起了的太阳the rising sun正在升起的太阳boiled water开水boiling water正沸腾的水fallen leaves落叶falling leaves正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况changing condition变化着的情况developed countries发达国家developing countries发展中国家D. 做状

18、语动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1 表示时间Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.2 表示原因Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying.3 表示条件Heated, water changes into steam.4 表示让步Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.5表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明The

19、teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.注：DOING(现在分词)：1: doing表示分词的动作的主动及正在进行或者与谓语的动词同时发生Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.2: having done表示主动及先于谓语动作的动作行为，有时间差。Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early3: being done表示被动而且是正在进行的被动The area being studied is called a hist

20、orical site4: having been done表示被动而且是已经完成的动作Having been given a wrong telephone number, I could not ring him.DONE （过去分词） 1 ： 及物动词的过去分词，表示被动含义和动作的完成。Confused by the new surroundings, I felt a bit desperate.TO DO （动词不定式） 1：to do 表示主动以， 一般发生在其谓语动作之后。To catch the plane, we d better go to the airport by

21、taxi.2: to be done 表示被动， 一般发生在其谓语动作之后。It s important for these doors to be updated.3: to have done 表示主动， 其动作发生在谓语动作之前。I am sorry to have you given you so much trouble.4: to have been done表示被动， 其动作发生在谓语动作之前。The window is considered to have been broken by Ann.非谓语练习题1. When he was a boy, he used to go

22、there and watch A. to repair bicyclesB. bicycles to be repairedC. bicycles being repaired D. repairing bicycles2. - Have you considered your job as a teacher?- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered a gardener.A. to change; to beB. to change; beingC. changing; being3. The dog, , w

23、ill be made a good watchdog.A. to train properlyB. being trained properlyC. properly to train4. the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A. Having stolenB. Having been stolenC. Stolen5. the front door , he had to enter the room through the back door.D. changing; to beD. trained properlyD.

24、StealingA. Seen; paintedB. Seeing; paintedC. Being seen; being paintedD. Seeing; being painted6. And there, almost in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.A. having lostB. losing C. to be lost D. lost7. He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pock

25、et of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to put D. putting8. To answer correctly is more important than .A. that you finish quicklyB. finishing quicklyC. to finish quicklyD. finish quickly9. The old farmer, the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuousl

26、y forhelp.A. supporting B. having supportedC. being supported byD. being supported10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched“ Spirit ” , a Mars Exploration Rover, a newmilestone in the history of mankind.A. it markedB. marking C. markedD. to mark11. It was getting dark; I found a car in a pool by the side of the road.12. You can t imagine what great