全国海船船员11新规则考试（轮机部（轮机英语））试题及答案（二）

1、试题下载 /mydoc-68012249-1.html全国海船船员11新规则考试（轮机部（轮机英语）试题及答案（二）第一部分 船舶主推进装置第二章 船舶柴油机装置1.a supercharged diesel engine, when compared to a similar naturally aspirateddiesel engine, will develop an increase in( ).a.ignition lagb.engine horsepowerc.lube oil system pressured.specific fuel c

2、onsumption答案：b解析：similar：类似的；aspirate：抽吸，呼吸；lag：滞后，给加隔热外套；specific：比的，特定的，具体的；consumption：消耗【译文】：增压柴油机与类似的自然吸气柴油机比较，将会产生功率的增加。2.a turbocharged diesel engine will have an intake manifold pressure( ).a.constantly decreasing as engine load increaseb.constantly increasing as the amount of supercharging

3、increasesc.approximately equal to exhaust manifold pressure at all timesd.approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at all times答案：b解析：manifold：总管；constantly：恒定地；approximately：大约；近似；atmos-pheric:大气的【译文】：涡轮增压的柴油机的进气总管压力随着增压量的增加而不断升高。3.a turbocharged, four-stroke/cycle diesel engine has a larger val

4、ve overlap than anaturally aspirated four-stroke/cycle diesel engine, in order to increase the( ).a.temperature of the exhaust gasesb.energy supplied to the turbochargerc.air pressure to the intake manifoldd.purge of exhausted gases from the cylinders答案：d解析：overlap：重叠；aspirate：抽吸，呼吸；manifold：总管；purg

5、e：扫除，驱除【译文】：涡轮增压四冲程柴油机比起自然吸气的四冲程柴油机有较大的气阀重叠期，目的是为了增大气缸内废气的排出。4.according to the way the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized, pressure-charging can be divided into two main systems, namely,the constant-pressure system and( ).a.the pulse-phase systemb.the pulse doppler systemc.the pulse systemd.th

6、e pulse interval答案：c解析：utilize：利用；namely：即；constant：恒定的；phase：相，方面；doppler：多普勒(型号)【译文】：根据废气能量利用的方式，发动机废气涡轮增压分为两种不同的系统，即定压增压和脉冲增压。5.after-cooling of a turbocharged diesel engine will result in( ).a.higher torque but lower brake horsepowerb.lower torque but higher brake horsepowerc.higher torque and h

7、igher brake horsepowerd.lower torque and lower brake horsepower答案：c解析：torque:扭矩.brake：制动【译文】：涡轮增压柴油机后(空)冷器会使产生的扭矩和制动马力更大。6.air motion is induced in a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine cylinder to improve airfuel mixing, and is known as( ).a.superchargingb.scavengingc.turbulenced.swept volume charging答

8、案：c解析：induce：诱导；turbulence：扰动，紊流；sweep：扫射，消灭【译文】：在四冲程柴油机气缸中，空气的运动被引导来提高空气和燃油的混合程度，这被称为扰动。7.all three systems have the ports( )to swirl the incoming air and direct it in theappropriate path.a.angledb.roundedc.being angledd.being rounded答案：a解析：swirl:漩涡；appropriate：适当；angle：角【译文】：所有兰种扫气系统中，气口都成一定角度，使进气

9、作回转运动。8.an electrically driven automatically operating auxiliary blower is provided forslow speed and( )of a low speed diesel engine.a.manoeuvring operationsb.bad combustionc.coolingd.mooring trial答案：a解析：auxiliary：辅助；blower：鼓风机；maneuver/manoeuvre：机动；trial：试验【译文】：低速柴油机中，往往安装一台电力驱动的辅助(应急)鼓风机用于低速和机动操纵工

10、况。9.an increase in the air inlet manifold pressure of a diesel engine will result ina/an ( ).a.decrease in maximum cylinder pressureb.increase in ignition lagc.decrease in fuel consumption per horsepower-hourd.decrease in exhaust manifold pressure答案：c解析：manifold：总管；decrease：减少；lag：滞后，给加隔热外套；consumpt

11、ion：消耗【译文】：柴油机进气总管压力增加会导致每马力小时的耗油量下降。10.as the air passes through the charge air cooler, its temperature may be reducedand moisture condensed, with the condensate in danger of being carried into theengine.so a water separator should be mounted beneath the bottom part of the engineinlet manifold.a wa

12、ter separator is used in order to( ).a.keep the air from being carried into the engineb.keep the moisture from being condensedc.keep the danger from being carried into the engined.take away the condensate from the air答案：d解析：moisture：水分.beneath：下面【译文】：当空气通过空冷器时，它的温度可能降低，水分被冷凝，凝水有带入发动机的危险。因此，发动机进气总管底部

13、装设气水分离器。它是为了清除进气中的凝水。11.clearance volume scavenging in a turbocharged, four-stroke/cycle diesel engine isaccomplished ( ).a.during the valve overlap periodb.with only the exhaust valve openc.at a pressure below atmosphericd.without cooling the cylinders or pistons答案：a解析：clearance：间隙；accomplish：完成；ov

14、erlap：重叠；atmospheric：大气的【译文】：在增压四冲程柴油机中，气缸余隙容积的扫气是在气阀重叠期间完成的。12.compared to a naturally aspirated diesel engine, a supercharged diesel enginehas( ).a.a cylinder air charge of higher pressureb.increased pumping lossesc.less valve overlapd.reduced blow-by答案：a解析：aspirate:抽吸，呼吸；overlap：重叠【译文】：与一台自然吸气的发动

15、机比较，增压柴油机具有更大的气缸空气充注压力。13.cooling the intake air supplied to a diesel engine will( ).a.reduce mean effective pressureb.decrease average compression pressurec.decrease air charge densityd.increase power output答案：d解析：decrease：减少；average:平均；density：密度【译文】：冷却柴油机的进气以提高空气的密度，从而增大功率。14.cross scavenging req

16、uires the fitting of( )to prevent air or exhaust gas escapewhen the piston is at the top of the stroke.a.a exhaust valveb.a piston skirtc.a piston crownd.an air suction valve答案：b解析：fitting：附件【译文】：横流扫气方式中，需要活塞裙的结构配合，以防止当活塞处在上止点时空气和废气逃逸。15.diesel engine exhaust noise can be reduced in an exhaust muffl

17、er by( ).a.changing the direction of exhaust gas flowb.increasing the exhaust gas velocityc.changing the exhaust gas weightd.increasing the exhaust gas static pressure答案：a解析：muffler:消音器；velocity：速度；static：静止的【译文】：消音器通过改变废气流动方向减小排气噪音。16.diesel engine mufflers or silencers reduce the engine exhaust no

18、ise by( ).a.passing the exhaust through long head pipesb.diffusing exhaust vibrations through activated carbon bafflesc.increasing the exhaust gas velocityd.reducing the exhaust gas velocity答案：d解析：muffler：消音器；silencer：消声器；diffuse：扩压；vibration：振动；activate:启用；carbon:碳；baffle:挡板；velocity：速度【译文】：柴油机消音器通

19、过降低排气速度减小排气噪音。17.directional intake ports in diesel engines are used to( ).a.reduce air charge turbulenceb.induce air swirlc.deflect hot combustion gas away from the valvesd.oppose the effects of piston induced squish答案：b解析：directional：定向的；turbulence：扰动，紊流；induce：诱导；swirl：漩涡；de-flect：偏斜，弯曲；oppose：反对

20、；squish：压扁，咯吱声【译文】：柴油机采用具有方向性的扫气口是为了引导空气产生旋转运动。18.due to( )action of pistons some relative motion between parts in contact in thecoolant supply and return system must occur.a.reciprocatingb.rotatingc.runningd.removing答案：a解析：reciprocate：往复移动，互换【译文】：由于活塞的往复运动，与冷却剂供应及返回管路接触的部件之间的某种相对运动必然发生。19.during th

21、e valve overlap period, the exhaust pressure of a turbocharged four-stroke/ cycle diesel engine must be less than the intake manifold pressure to ensure( ).a.effective cylinder scavenging and coolingb.constant pressure from the turbochargersc.cooler operation of the exhaust systemd.effective constan

22、t pressure for turbocharger operation答案：a解析：overlap：重叠；manifold：总管；constant：恒定的【译文】：在气阀重叠期间，涡轮增压式四冲程柴油机的排气压力必须低于进气总管内空气的压力，以确保有效的气缸扫气和冷却。20.exhaust pipes for separate diesel engines can be combined only when( ).a.space limitations prevent separately run pipesb.the engines are small auxiliary unitsc.

23、they are arranged to prevent gas backflow to each engined.a waste heat boiler is installed答案：c解析：combine：结合；auxiliary：辅助；arrange：布置，安排.backflow：回流【译文】：仅仅当每台柴油机排气管都布有防回流(装置)时，(这些)柴油机才能共用排气管。21.exhaust valve openings in a diesel engine cylinder head are made as large aspractical to( ).a.increase back

24、pressure during the exhaust processb.facilitate periodic replacement of the valvesc.reduce the pumping losses associated with scavengingd.reduce tension on valve springs答案：c解析：practical：实际的；facilitate：便利；associate：使联系；tension：张力【译文】：柴油机缸头上的排气口应根据实际情况做得尽可能大些，以减少扫气带来的泵气损失。22.if a scavenge fire starts,

25、 the engine must be put to ( ) and the fuel must betaken off the cylinders affected by the fire.a.stop engineb.finished with enginec.dead slow aheadd.dead slow astern答案：c解析：affect：影响【译文】：如果扫气箱着火，柴油机必须切换到“微速前进”，着火的相应气缸应断油。23.if cooling water flow through the after-cooler is interrupted, the power out

26、put ofa turbocharged diesel engine will drop because the( ).a.turbocharger will stallb.density of the air charge will decreasec.scavenge effect will increased.exhaust pressure will increase答案：b解析：interrupt：中断；drop：下降；stall：停止；density：密度；decrease：减少【译文】：如果通过后(空)冷器的冷却水中断.涡轮增压柴油机的输出功率就会因进气密度降低而降低。24.if

27、 the scavenge fire is of a more major nature, if there is a risk of the fireextending or if the scavenge trunk is adjacent to the crankcase with risk of hot spotdeveloping, it sometimes becomes necessary to( )the engine.a.stopb.startc.speed upd.slow down答案：a解析：adjacent：毗邻；spot：点，地点【译文】：如果扫气箱火势较大，或者火

28、灾有蔓延的迹象，或者会造成曲轴箱过热，有时需要停车。25.if the speed of a turbocharged diesel engine is maintained constant theturbocharger speed will( ).a.decrease until the engine speed increasesb.increase as the load increasesc.decrease as the load increasesd.remain unchanged答案：b解析：constant：恒定的；decrease：减少【译文】：如果某台涡轮增压柴油机的

29、转速不变，那么涡轮增压器转速将会随着负载的增加而增加。26.if the turbocharger of a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine fails to operate, whichof the following statements best describes the probable effect? ( )a.intake manifold pressure will be high.b.intake manifold pressure will be unaffected.c.exhaust temperatures will be high.d

30、.exhaust temperatures will be low.答案：c解析：describe：描述；manifold：总管【译文】： 四冲程柴油机涡轮增压器不能工作可能导致排烟温度过高。27.in a diesel engine, exhaust valves open before the intake ports are uncovered to( ).reduce pumping losses? .reduce back pressure.a. onlyb. onlyc.both and d.neither nor 答案：c解析：柴油机排气阀在进气口打开前开启是为了减少泵气损失及背

31、压。28.in a main propulsion turbocharged diesel engine, the speed of the turbochargervaries according to the ( ).a.governor droopb.speeder spring tensionc.fuel rack lagd.load on the engine答案：d解析：vary：变化；governor：调速器；droop：下降，(速度)降；tension：张力；rack:齿条，导轨【译文】：涡轮增压器速度随柴油机负载而改变。29.in a naturally aspirated

32、diesel engine, the volume of air intake is directlyrelated to engine ( ).a.compression ratiob.valve sizec.fuel pressured.cylinder clearance volume答案：b解析：aspirate：抽吸，呼吸；ratio：比；clearance：间隙【译文】：对于自然吸气的柴油机，吸入空气的体积与发动机的气阀尺寸直接相关。30.in a turbocharged four-stroke/cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve rem

33、ains openuntil after top dead center and the intake valve opens before top dead center to( ).a.produce a scavenging effect in the combustion spaceb.equalize cylinder and exhaust manifold pressuresc.alleviate the difference in valve size between intake and exhaustd.flush out condensate that collects

34、after each compression stroke答案：a解析：equalize：使均衡；manifold：总管；alleviate：减轻，缓解，缓和；flush：冲洗【译文】：在涡轮增压四冲程柴油机中，排气阀保持开启直至上止点后，进气阀在上止点前打开，这样做的目的是为了在燃烧室内产生扫气效果。31.in a turbocharger, inlet air velocity is increased in the( ).a.inlet nozzle ringb.stationary diffuser passagesc.compressor outlet voluted.rotatin

35、g impeller vanes答案：d解析：velocity：速度；stationary：静止的，平稳的；diffuser：扩压器；volute：涡壳；impeller:叶轮；vane：叶片【译文】：在涡轮增压器中，进气速度在旋转叶轮的叶片间得以提高。32.in comparison to exhaust valves, intake valves of diesel engines may befabricated from low-alloy steels because( ).a.the beveled edges of the intake valves provide for se

36、lf-centering during seatingb.intake valves utilize stellite-coated valve seat inserts which reduce wearc.the volume of air passing through intake valves is less than the volume of airpassing through exhaust valvesd.intake valves are less affected to the corrosive action of exhaust gases答案：d解析：compar

37、ison：比较；fabricate：制造；alloy：合金；bevel：伞形；edge：边缘；utilize：利用；stellite-coated：钨铬钴合金涂层；insert：插入；affect:影响；corrosive：腐蚀性的【译文】：与排气阀相比，进气阀受废气的腐蚀作用少，因此它可用低合金锻造。33.in( )scavenging the incoming air enters at the lower end of the cylinder andexhaust gases are forced out at the top.a.crossb.loopc.aspirated.unif

38、low答案：d解析：loop:回路；aspirate:抽吸，呼吸；uniflow：直流【译文】：在直流扫气中，新鲜空气从气缸下半部分进入，废气从气缸顶部排出。34.in( ) scavenging the incoming air is directed upwards and the exhaust gasestravel down and out of the exhaust ports at the opposite side of the cylinder.a.crossb.loopc.aspirated.uniflow答案：a解析：opposite：反对；loop：回路；aspira

39、te：抽吸，呼吸；uniflow：直流【译文】：在横流扫气中，新鲜空气向上运动，废气向下并从气缸另一侧排气口排出。35.increased air( )will raise scavenge efficiency and allow a greater mass of air tobe compressed; more fuel may now be burned giving an increased power.a.specific volumeb.densityc.viscosityd.calorific value答案：b解析：efficiency：效率；mass：大量，质量；spec

40、ific：比的，特定的，具体的；densi-ty:密度；viscosity:黏度；calorific：热值的【译文】：提高空气的密度能提高扫气效率，同时更多的空气被压缩，更多的燃油被燃烧，这样便提高了功率输出。36.increasing the exhaust valve tappet clearance of a diesel engine will result inthe ex-haust valve opening( ).a.later and closing earlierb.later and closing laterc.earlier and closing earlierd.

41、earlier and closing later答案：a解析：tappet：挺杆；clearance：间隙【译文】：增加柴油机排气阀阀杆间隙，会导致排气阀开启滞后且关闭提前。37.indications of( )are loss in power and irregular running of the engine, highexhaust temperatures of corresponding units, high local temperature in scavenge trunk,surging of turbocharger, and sparks and smoke e

42、mitted from scavenge drains.a.a crankcase explosionb.a scavenge firec.abnormal compression ratiod.incorrect air/fuel ratio答案：b解析：corresponding：对应；surge：喘振；spark：火花；emit：排放；drain：放残；explosion：爆炸；abnormal:异常；ratio：比【译文】：扫气箱着火的征兆有发动机功率下降和运行不规律，相应气缸的排烟温度升高，扫气箱局部高温，涡轮增压器喘振，以及火花和黑烟从扫气箱放残口逸出。38.maintaining

43、 the lowest possible scavenging air temperature at all times is notrecommended due to the possibility of the( ).a.air charge density becoming too highb.piston crown surfaces becoming too coldc.formation of excessive quantities of condensated.compression pressure being greatly reduced答案：c解析：recommend

44、：建议；possibility：可能性；density：密度；formation:形式，形成【译文】：为了避免产生过多的冷凝物，一般不建议扫气空气的温度尽可能低。39.modern engines make use of exhaust gas driven turbo-chargers to supply pressurizedfresh air for( )and supercharging.a.scavengingb.startingc.coolingd.blowing答案：a解析：现代发动机利用废气驱动的涡轮增压器以提供增压的新鲜空气来扫气和增压。40.on opposite ends

45、 of a single shaft of a turbo blower are a gas driven( )and anair compressor, which are sealed each other.a.charge air receiverb.scavenging air beltc.turbined.air cooler答案：c解析：opposite:反对；blower：鼓风机【译文】：涡轮增压器轴的两端，分别是废气驱动的透平和压气机，两者相互密封。41.on two-stroke diesels an electrically auxiliary blower is usua

46、lly provided becausethe exhaust gas driven turbo-blower cannot provide enough air at low engine speeds, andthe pressurized air is usually cooled to( ).a.reduce the temperature of pistonsb.increase its densityc.increase its temperatured.reduce the fuel viscosity答案：b解析：auxiliary：辅助；blower：鼓风机；density：

47、密度；viscosity：黏度【译文】：二冲程柴油机中，一般装备一台电力驱动的辅助鼓风机，因为在低速运行时，废气涡轮增压器不能提供足够的空气，并且增压空气一般需要冷却以提高其密度。42.on two-stroke diesels( )is usually provided because the exhaust gas driven turbo-blower cannot provide enough air at low engine speeds.a.a hydraulic governorb.an electrically auxiliary blowerc.control valves

48、d.electric motors答案：b解析：blower：鼓风机.hydraulic：液压的；governor：调速器；auxiliary：辅助【译文】：二冲程柴油机中，一般装备一台电力驱动的辅助鼓风机，因为在低速运行时，废气涡轮增压器不能提供足够的空气。43.one characteristic of a pulse type turbo-charging system is( ).a.high average exhaust manifold pressureb.greatly fluctuating inlet manifold pressurec.constant exhaust

49、manifold pressured.multiple exhaust pipes to the turbocharger答案：d解析：characteristic：特征，特有的；average：平均；manifold：总管；fluctuate：波动；constant：恒定的；multiple：多重的【译文】：脉冲式涡轮增压系统的特点之一是多组排气管通往涡轮增压器(脉冲增压排气管需分组)。44.scavenging in a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine occurs during the( ).a.last part of the exhaust strok

50、e, and the first part of the intake strokeb.last part of the intake stroke onlyc.early part of the injection stroke onlyd.early part of the power stroke答案：a解析：四冲程柴油机的扫气是在排气冲程后半阶段与进气冲程前半阶段期间进行的。45.scavenging in a turbocharged, four-stroke/cycle diesel engine isaccomplished( ).a.during the valve overl

51、ap periodb.with only the exhaust valve openc.at a pressure below atmosphericd.without cooling the cylinders or pistons答案：a解析：accomplish：完成；overlap：重叠；atmospheric：大气的【译文】：涡轮增压的四冲程柴油机的扫气是在气阀重叠期间被完成的。46.the air required for combustion is taken from the engine room through a filterfitted on the turboeha

52、rger.this reduces the risk for too( )and contamination of thecombustion air.a.high temperaturesb.low temperaturesc.wetd.dirty答案：b解析：contamination：污染【译文】：用于燃烧的空气来自机舱并经过安装在增压器上的滤器，可以减少低温和受污染的危险。47.the air supplied to the cylinders by a turbocharger is often reduced in volume bya/an( ).a.air compressor

53、b.diffuserc.after-coolerd.ventilator答案：c解析：diffuser：扩压器；ventilator：通风机，通风筒【译文】：由增压器供给气缸的空气常由后(空)冷器来降低其体积。48.the closing of the exhaust valves used on a modern, large, low-speed, mainpropulsion diesel engine may be directly provided by( ).a.large conical springsb.compressed air pressurec.hydraulic pr

54、essured.exhaust gas pressure答案：b解析：conical：圆锥形的；hydraulic：液压的【译文】：对于现代大型低速主推进柴油机，排气阀可直接由压缩空气压力来关闭。49.the difference between a supercharged engine and an un-supercharged engine is that( )operates at an increased pressure.a.the laterb.the latterc.the formerd.the farmer答案：c解析：former:前者【译文】：增压与非增压发动机的区别

55、在于前者的工作压力高。50.the diffuser prevents pressure pulses from one cylinder( )another duringoperation.a.to interfere withb.interfering withc.to help scavengingd.helping scavenging答案：b解析：diffuser：扩压器；interfere：干扰【译文】：扩压器用来防止来自于一个缸的压力脉冲影响另一个气缸。51.the efficiency of turbo-charge system is increased by fitting

56、 a charge air cooler( )the compressor.a.insideb.beforec.afterd.against答案：c解析：efficiency：效率；fitting：附件【译文】：增压系统的效率可以通过在空压机后装设空冷器来提高(进一步增加进气空气的密度)。52.the exhaust ports of a diesel engine using the cross-flow scavenging method areopened and closed by the( ).a.reciprocating motion of exhaust valvesb.rot

57、ary motion of the camshaftc.reciprocating motion of the pistond.developed differential答案：c解析：reciprocate:往复移动，互换【译文】：使用横流式扫气的柴油机的排气口通过活塞的往复运动启闭。53.the exhaust system for a turbocharged diesel engine functions to( ).a.power the after-coolersb.power the turboehargerc.reduce the cylinder scavenge effectd.cool the turboeharger答案：b解析：涡轮增压柴油机排气系统的作用是为涡轮增压器提供动力。54.the