病理学课件：1 细胞损伤

1、 various kinds of endogenous and exogenous stimuli Autoreaction & resp reaction regulatory mechanism reversible irreversible loss of innervation） A Atrophy B Normal shrinks in size Narrowed cerebral convolution cortical sulci to deepen ： normal heart myocardial hypertrophy Thickened wall of left ven

2、tricule and septal area normal thickened Normal uterus normal smooth muscules of uterus B (left) hypertrophy of smooth muscules (right) Same multipleX 40 lactating breast- enlarged gland alveolus With milk Left Normal thyrocytes Right Hyperplasia A layer of cubic cell Stem cell & undifferentiated ce

3、lls transdifferentiation Activation or inhibition of reprogramming gene productions One differentiated cell type another differentiated cell type fully fully Left Granularity change in kidney Right Hydropic change convoluted tubules fatty vacuolesvacuolation non-cytoplasm in it. Full clear Borderlin

4、e clearly nucleus to the periphery Vacuoles of cellular swelling Scattered cytoplasm or ballooned Borderline unclearly nucleus in center LM: formation of diffuse steatosis in hepatocytes, with accumulated lipid droplets, and large, clear lobules, compressing and displacing the nucleus to the periphe

5、ry of the cytoplasm. Fatty change in liver cells formation of diffuse steatosis in hepatocytes, with accumulated lipid droplets, and large, clear lobules, compressing and displacing the nucleus to the periphery of the cytoplasm. sinus hepatic cord tigered effect, bead-like fatty vacuoles 心肌脂肪浸润心肌脂肪浸润 I Rounded red droplets Inequality of size 部位：部位：常见于结核常见于结核 病状，动脉粥样硬化斑块内等。病状，动脉粥样硬化斑块内等。 机理：机理： 水解水解 硷性磷酸酶升高硷性磷酸酶升高有机磷酸酯有机磷酸酯局部磷酸局部磷酸钙、磷比例钙、磷比例 失调失调磷酸钙沉积。磷酸钙沉积。 与与PH变动