(word完整版)初二初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

1、 句子成分及基本句型一、 考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：（1）lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名词作主语）（2）he reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）to swim in kunming lake is a great

2、 pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）what we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词 。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如：his parents are teachers.we study hard. （行为动词作谓语）we dont finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）he can speak english. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语（系动词和表语一起作谓语）宾语是动作、

3、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。she is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）she says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）we often help him.（代词作宾语）he likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）we enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明 1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代

4、词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明 2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）our teacher tells us a story.（2）the sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介

5、词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promis（e 答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。1 间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay 等（1）i give him a book.（2）he passes me the book.（他将书递给我。）（3）he writes me a letter. 改成：改成：改成：改成：改成：（4）he

6、will buy me some books.（5）she is making me a cake.（四）宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分 ，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：they make her happy.（形容词）i see her dance.（不定式）well helpyou to make the olympics a success.（名词）please let him in.（副词）we heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语表语说

7、明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如：i am a teacher.（名词）he is always happy.（形容词）they are on the playground now.（介词短语）it gets cold.（形容词）be 动词（am，is，are, was, were）系动词 表保持（keep, stay, remain）表改变（get， become， turn）感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来）如：it s

8、ounds interesting.（sound 为系动词，interesting 为表语）we should all remain careful. remain（为系动词， careful 为表语）（六）定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：the black bike is mine.（形容词）whats your name?（代词）they make paper flowers.（名词）说明 1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything,

9、 something等时，定语在不定代词后面。如：i tell him something interesting. （形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语）he has something to do.（to do 为不定式作后置定语）说明 2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：the boys in the room are in class four. （in the room 是介词短语作 the boys 的后置定语。）2 （七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、

10、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：he did it carefully.（副词）we often help him.（副词）her mother goes out to do some shopping on sunday.（介词短语）when i grow up, i am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语）he sits there.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】a. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)如：the sun rises. 太阳升起来。the car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。rise 和

11、stop 都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。b. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)如：i love my country.c. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如：her brother is a driver.he helps me.i like action movies.i buy a book.we feel happy.（feel 为系动词，表示感到）it gets dark.天黑了。（get 为系动词，表示变得）tom looks ill. tom看上去病了。（look 为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）d. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓+直宾+间宾)如：he giv

12、es tom a present.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语）妈妈为我做了一件衣服。e. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)如：they call her mary.（宾补）他们叫她 mary。we make our classroom clean and tidy（. 宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。he always makes us laugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑。二、 典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1. lily is cleaning the desk now.2. her garden

13、is the best in our town.3. liu ming is thirteen years old.4. i like this book very much.5. the girl on the blue bike is janes sister.6. she didnt come to my party because she was ill.3 7. wang ping does his homework carefully.8. we will go to the childrens palaocnece a week.9. they are in the classr

14、oom.10. it sounds good.11. his name is paul.12. we always go to school early.三、 课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 my brother doesnt do his homework.abcd people all over the world speak english.abcd you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.abcd how many new words do you learn ?a b c d some of the students i

15、n the school want to go swimming, how about you?abcd(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 the old man is feeling very tired.abcd why is he worried about jim?a b the leaves have turned yellow.cdabcd soon they all become interested in the subject.abcd she is the first to learn about it.a b(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 they use mr. mrs. with

16、 the family name.cdabcd what is your given name?a b on the third lap are class 1 and class 3.b c i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.cdadabcd the man downstairs was trying to sleep.abcd（四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语4 she likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.abcd he ask

17、s her to take the boy out of school.a b she find it difficult to do the work.a b c they call me lily sometimes.a b ci saw mr. wang get on the bus.a b(五) 挑出下列句中的状语there is a big smile on her face.cdddcdabcdevery night he heard the noise upstairs.abcd he began to learn english when he was eleven.abcdt

18、he man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.abcdwith the medicine box under her arm, miss li hurried off.ab cd典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。1. 主，谓，宾，状3. 表2. 定，状4. 谓，宾，状6. 谓，状8. 谓，状10. 表5. 定，定7. 谓，宾，状9. 表11. 定，表12. 状，状课后练习(三) d d b a b (四) d b d c b(五) c c a b b (六) c c c c d(七) d a d d a (八) us, 间接宾语 a stor

19、y, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；5 陈述句转化 that 引，一般疑问句用 if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。 eg,he said he was good at

20、drawing. (动词宾语)he asks him how long mike has been down . (动词宾语)miss zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2.连接词(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用 that,口语中常常省略。e.g, she told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg, i wonder if /whether u have told

21、the new to li lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用 ifeg, we are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时， 只用whether.eg, please let me know what to do next.could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if 当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时

22、，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。e.g. could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况：当 do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do youthink陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：i didnt know （if/whether he h

23、ad seen the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：he said （that the earth moves round the sun.）the teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用6 a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)“may i use your knife？”he aske

24、d me.he asked me if he might use my knife.“do you know her telephone number？”he asked me.he asked me if i know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：who will give us a talk? i dont know. i dont know who will give us a talk.do you know？where does he live? do you know where he

25、lives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：she agreed that she could help me with my maths.she agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：i dont know which sweate

26、r i should buy.i dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是 ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带

27、to 的不定式或 v-ing 形式。如：she found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.she found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.have you decided _for australia?a. when will you leavec. you will leave whenb. when do you leaved. when you will leave2.can you tell me _ ?a. where does tom live b. wh

28、ere tom lived c. tom lives where d. where tom lives3.the old man asked me _ .a. where was the cinemac. where the cinema wasb. where is the cinemad. where was the way to the cinema4.i think _ you will like him. a. that b. ifc. whyd. how5.i didnt know _ he will come or not. a. that b. whether c. weath

29、er d. how6.i wonder _ .a. how much cost these shoesc. how much these shoes costb. how much do these shoes costd. how much are these shoes cost7.she asked me _ . a. who he was b. who was he c. who is he d. who he is8.ask him _.7 a. whose cup this is b. whose cup is this c. this is whose cup d. whose

30、is this cup9.i dont know _ .a. what time the movie startsc. the time to start the movieb. what time starts the movied. the movie what time starts10.the doctor asked me how long _ .a. was i illb. have i been ill c. i have been ill d. i had been ill11.the weather forecast doesnt say _.a. if it rains t

31、omorrowc. if it will rain tomorrow12.do you know _?a. whose pen is thisb. if does it rain tomorrowd. if will it rain tomorrowb. whose pen this isc. whom does the pen belong to d. whom the pen belong to13.could you tell me where _?a. the tape wasb. was the tapec. the tape isd. is the tape14.they want

32、 to know _?a. where is the hospital b. how old are youc. when the train will leave d. why is the boy crying15.tony wanted to know _.a. what had father christmas put in his stockingb. when father christmas had put in his stockingc. what father christmas had put in his stockingd. where father christma

33、s had put in his stocking16.no one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.a. when b. whether c. where d. if17.july didnt know_.a. where is tims fatherc. who the old man isb. when was the first watch maded. what was wrong with her watch18.no one told us _, so

34、we need your help.a. how should we do b. what we should do c. what to do d. what should we do19.we dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.a. how do itb. how to doc. what do itd. what to do20.he asked me _.a. whether i find out the sender of the moneyb. whether did i find out t

35、he sender of the moneyc. whether the sender of the money found outd. whether i found out the sender of the money21. did you hear _? a. what did i say b. what i said c. i said what d. what i say22. can you tell me _?a. which class you are inc. you are in which classb. which class are you ind. are you

36、 in which class23. -excuse me. could you tell me _? - certainly.a. when can i get to the stationc. which station can i get tob. i can get to which stationd. how i can get to the station24. could you tell me where _ yesterday?a. did you go b. you go c. you have gone25. tom asked me _.d. you wenta. wh

37、ose shirt was this b. whose shirt this wasc. who shirt was this d. who shirt this was26. excuse me, could you tell me _?a. wheres the teachers officec. whats she doingb. wheres the bus stationd. where the post office is27. i want to see mrs. wang , but i dont know _.a. she lives where b. she where l

38、ives c. where she lives28. - go and ask mr. white for help. -but i dont know _.d. where does she live8 a. where does he livec. where is he livingb. where he livesd. he lives there29. - can you tell me _? - yes, he lives in a small town.a. where he livesb. who is singingc. when he will leave d. what

39、he said30. have you decided _ for london?a. when will you leavec. when are you goingb. when you will leaved. when you are going31. excuse me. could you tell me _our tickets?a. where do we show b. where shall we show c. where did we show d. where we shall show32. - what are you interested in about co

40、oking food? - we are all interested in _.a. how egg is friedb. how is egg friedc. how egg friesd. how does egg fry33. do you know _? a. what it is b. what is it c. who is he d. whose name is it34. do you know _?a. whose book is this b. whose book this is c. this book is whose35. i dont know _ now.d.

41、 whos book this isa. where is my catb. my cat is where c. where my cat isd. where my cat36. does he know _?a. whats your name b. what name is your c. what your is name d. what your name is37. do you know _?a. which floor he livesb. which floor he lives onc. he lives on which floord. which floor does

42、 he lives on38. tell me where _? a. is the hospital b. the hospital is c. is hospital d. hospital is39. he hasnt decided _.a. if hell go on a trip to wu xic. if he goes on a trip to wu xi40. can you see _?b. when will he go on a trip to wu xid. when does he go on a trip to wu xia. what hes reading b

43、. what is he reading c. what does he read d. he reads what点击中考1. some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _.a. when ufos will appear next timec. where was this kind of plant foundb. why do horses know the wayd. how do elephants communicate2. -what time will mr. brown

44、be back to china?-sorry. i dont know _.a. when did he go abroadc. how soon will he be back.b. why he is going abroadd. how long he will stay abroad3. -may i come in ? im sorry i am late.-come in, please. but could you please tell me _. ?a. why you are late againc. who you talked withb. what were you

45、 doing thend. how do you come to school4. -could you please tell me _. ?-bus no.32 will take you right there.a. where is henan museumb. what henan museum is likec. how can i get to henan museumd. which bus i shall take to henan museum5. peter says that the whites are on holiday, but no one knows _.

46、.a. where they have beenc. where are they fromb. where are theyd. where they have gone6. -do you know _. the capital museum? -next friday.a. when will they visitc. when did they visitb. when they will visitd. when they visited7. he wanted to know _.the english party.a. when will we have b. when we w

47、ill havec. when would we have d. when we would have8. i want to know _. .9 a. when we should arrive at the airportc. when the airport we should arrive atb. when should we arrive at the airportd. when the airport should we arrive at9.-david, look at the man in white over there. can you tell me _. ?-h

48、e is a doctor.a. who is he b. who he isc. what is hed. what he is10. -could you tell me _. ? he is wanted by the head teacher.-sorry, ive no idea. but he _ here just now.a. where tim; was b. where is tim; was c. where tim is; was d. where tim is; is11. -did mrs. king leave a message?-yes. she wanted

49、 to know _ this sunday.a. who you would go shoppingc. that you will go shoppingb. if you would go shopping with herd. when will you go shopping with her12.-im a teenagers mother. sometimes i dont know.-love and understanding.a. what my son needs mostb. what does my son want to getc. why my son gets

50、annoyed very oftend. why does my son get annoyed very often.13. -i wonder _. without water -about a week.a. how long man can livec. when man can liveb. how long can man lived. when can man live宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案 d 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。2. 参考答案 d 宾语从句用陈述语序，where 作从句的宾语。3. 参考答案 c 宾语从句用陈述语序，where 表示

51、地点。4. 参考答案 a if 表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5. 参考答案 b 有 or not， 所以用 whether.6. 参考答案 c 宾语从句用陈述语序.7. 参考答案 a 宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语。8. 参考答案 a whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。9. 参考答案 a 宾语从句用陈述语序。10. 参考答案 d 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11. 参考答案 c if 连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12. 参考答案 b whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语

52、。13. 参考答案 c 宾语从句用陈述语序。14. 参考答案 c 宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15. 参考答案 c 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16. 参考答案 b 有 or not 就用 whether.17. 参考答案 d 宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。18. 参考答案 b 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选b 就是没有人做什么，us 后面是宾语从句，而 us 是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以 c 选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选 b.19. 参考答案 d 我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。what 做 to do 的宾语。20. 参考答案 d 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。21. 参考答案 b 宾语从句用陈述语序，what 作从句的宾语。22. 参考答案 a 宾语从句用陈述语序，哪一个班，所以用 which class.10 23. 参考答案 d