全国海船船员11新规则考试（轮机部（轮机英语））试题及答案（四）

1、试题下载 /mydoc-68012249-1.html全国海船船员11新规则考试（轮机部（轮机英语）试题及答案（四）第二部分 船舶辅助机械第五章 分油机、穿压机和海水液化装置1.one of the reasons that caused oil flowed from sludge outlet of a self-cleaning separator is( ).a.seal water supply be cut offb.make-up water supply be cut offc.oil outlet valve closed or not

2、open sufficientlyd.the flow rate of oily water is too much答案：b解析：自动排渣分油机排渣口跑油的原因之一是补偿水被切断。2.( )can cause oil flow from sludge outlet of self cleaning separator.a.too much sludge accumulated in separator bowlb.diameter of gravity disc too largec.high level tank lack of waterd.oil input too rapidly答案：

3、c解析：accumulate:积累.bowl：分离筒，滚筒【译文】：自动排渣分油机高置水箱缺水会引起排渣口跑油。3.( )can cause oil flow from water outlet of a separator.a.oil inlet valve opening too quicklyb.oil temperature little higher than normalc.diameter of gravity disc too smalld.viscosity of oil little lower than normal答案：a解析：viscosity:黏度【译文】：分油机进

4、油阀开启速度太快会引起出水口跑油。4.( )can not cause oil flow from water outlet of self cleaning separator.a.oil temperature too highb.diameter of gravity too largec.oil temperature too lowd.high level tank out of water答案：d解析：自动排渣分油机高置水箱缺水不会引起出水口跑油。5.the separating effect of oil separator is not very good, the reaso

5、n may be( ).a.too little seal waterb.improper gravity discc.oil discharging pump not working very welld.low water level of the working water答案：b解析：improper:不合适的【译文】：分油机的分离效果不理想，其原因可能是比重环选择不当。6.to ensure oil separator working in normal condition, the interval between two sludge dischargings should no

6、t exceed( ).a.2 hrsb.4 hrsc.5 hrsd.6 hrs答案：b解析：exceed:超过【译文】：为确保分油机工作正常，两次排渣的间隔不应超过4h。7.when stopping the oil separator, you should( ) firstly.a.cut off the powerb.cut off the oil inletc.open guide water valved.close oil outlet valve答案：b解析：当停止分油机工作时，应先切断进油。8.when separating fuel oil in oil separator

7、, the separating quantity is( ) of the rated quantity.a.100%b.80%c.1/2d.1/3答案：c解析：分油机分离燃油时，分离量应为额定分离量的1/2。9.when separating lube oil in oil separator, the optimal separating quantity is( )of the rated quantity on name plate.a.100%b.1/2c.1/5d.1/3答案：d解析：optimal：最佳的【译文】：分油机分离滑油时，最佳分离量应为铭牌上额定分离量的1/3。10.

8、when separating the lube oil without additive, it is usually cleaned with hot water;the aim is to remove( )from it.a.acidb.sludgec.mechanical impurityd.salinity答案：a解析：additive：添加剂；aim:目标，针对；acid：酸；impurity：杂质；salinity：盐度【译文】：分离不含添加剂的滑油时，通常使用热水，其目的是为了去除油中的酸。11.a centrifuge of which the bowl is arrang

9、ed as the upper and lower parts separate discharges the sludge( ).a.by opening the separator manuallyb.by separating the lower part from the upper part automaticallyc.by separating the tipper part from the lower part automaticallyd.continuously答案：b解析：centrifuge：离心式分油机.bowl:分离筒，滚筒；arrange：布置，安排；man-u

10、ally：用手地【译文】：离心分油机分离筒被布置成上下两个独立的部分，通过自动从上半部分脱离下半部分实现排渣。12.a centrifuge will satisfactorily remove which of the following contaminants from fuel oil?( )a.gasolineb.waterc.lubricating oild.sulphur compounds答案：b解析：centrifuge：离心式分油机；contaminant：污染物；gasoline：汽油；sulfur/sulphur：硫；compound：复合，化合【译文】：离心分离机能清

11、除燃油中的水分。13.before the sludge in a purifier is ejected, ( ).a.the oil feeding is stopped and replaced by admitting flushing waterb.tke flushing water feeding is stopped and replaced by admitting oilc.the feeding of dirty oil and flushing water is stoppedd.the feeding of dirty oil and flushing water i

12、s admitted答案：a解析：eject：喷出；feed：供给；flush:冲洗【译文】：在分水机排渣前，停止给油，通人冲洗水。14.for optimum results, centrifugal purification of heavy fuel oil should be accomplished with the fuel at the lowest practicable( ).a.throughputb.additive percentc.cetane numberd.tbn答案：a解析：optimum:最佳；centrifugal：离心的；accomplish：完成；pra

13、cticable：切实可行的；throughput：生产量，排量，吞吐量；additive：添加剂；cetane：十六烷；tbn:总碱值【译文】：为了使分离效果达到最佳，离心式燃油分油机应使分油量尽可能小。15.heavy residual fuel oils are heated prior to centrifuging to( ).a.reduce fuel oil weightb.increase specific gravityc.separate fuel from lube oild.reduce fuel viscosity答案：d解析：specific:比的，特定的，具体的；

14、viscosity：黏度【译文】：重渣油在进行离心分离之前进行加热是为了降低燃油黏度。16.high-speed rotation in a centrifugal purifier can produce a force( )the force of gravity.a.many thousand times larger thanb.the same asc.many thousand times smallerd.none of the above答案：a解析：centrifugal:离心的【译文】：离心式分油机高速旋转时产生的离心力比重力大几千倍。17.if fuel oil were

15、 being discharged from the waste water outlet of a fuel oil disk type centrifuge, operated as separator, you should( ).a.remove the discharge ringb.re-prime the purifierc.the centrifuge to its proper speedd.install an additional discharge ring答案：b解析：centrifuge:离心式分油机；additional:附加的【译文】：如果燃油从盘片式离心分油机

16、的出水口流出，应重新对分油机实施水封。18.if oils density were greater than waters, the oil separator( ).a.did workb.would work wellc.didnt workd.wouldnt work答案：d解析：density:密度【译文】：如果油的密度比水大，分油机便不能工作。19.if the bowl of a disk type centrifugal purifier when operated as a separator is not primed, the( ).a.oil has a tendenc

17、y to emulsify in the bowlb.purifier will act as a clarifier at the discharge ringc.oil will be lost through the water discharge portsd.oil solids will be deposited only at the intermediate top disk答案：c解析：bowl：分离筒，滚筒；centrifugal：离心的；tendency：趋势；emulsify：乳化；clarifier：分杂机；deposit：沉积；intermediate：中间【译文】

18、：如果离心式分水机没有灌注水封水，会出现出水口跑油现象。20.impurities in the fuel oil will affect the operation of the engine, which has( )the use of separator and some other devices.a.brought aboutb.caused forc.resulted fromd.led答案：a解析：impurity:杂质；affect：影响【译文】：燃油中的杂质会影响发动机的运行，该问题促成分油机和其他一些设备的使用。21.in a bypass type lubricatio

19、n system for a diesel engine, the dirty oil line to the centrifuge should be taken from the( ).a.lube oil pump suction lineb.lube oil pump discharge linec.bottom of the lube oil sumpd.outlet from the lube oil header答案：c解析：centrifuge：离心式分油机；sump：油底壳；header：联箱，标题【译文】：在柴油机旁通式润滑系统中，通向分油机的脏油管路应来自于油底壳的底部。

20、22.in a disk-type lubricating oil purifier, ( ).a.the purifier driving gears are lubricated by the reclaimed oil as it leaves the bowlb.all dirt and sludge are automatically discharged with the cooling waterc.sealing water must never be supplied until after oil is fed to the unitd.deterioration of t

21、he bowl ring gasket will cause the purifier to lose its water seal答案：d解析：reclaim：回收，收回；bowl：分离筒，滚筒；feed：供给；deterioration：恶化；gasket：垫片【译文】：盘片式滑油分油机中分离筒的环形垫圈损坏会引起分油机失去水封。23.in a purifier, the interface between the liquid seal and the oil should be positioned as close as possible to( ).a.the outlet of

22、oilb.the outlet of waterc.the bowl peripheryd.the center of bowl答案：c解析：interface：界面；bowl：分离筒，滚筒；periphery：周边【译文】：分水机中，油水界面应尽可能靠近分离筒四周。24.main engines as well as auxiliary engines operating on heavy fuel should have continuous ( )on the lubricating oil, either according to the bypass or batch princip

23、les.a.filteringb.centrifugingc.depositingd.operating答案：b解析：auxiliary：辅助；batch：一批；principle：原理；deposit：沉积【译文】：船舶柴油机燃用重质燃油，应对其滑油进行连续性的分离处理，可以是旁路处理，也可以是批量处理。25.modern centrifuge designs enable continuous over a considerable period of time.this is achieved by( ) which is timed to discharge the sludge at

24、 regular intervals.a.an injection processb.an ejection processc.a separation processd.a heating process答案：b解析：centrifuge：离心式分油机；considerable：相当多；achieve：完成，实现；ejec-tion：喷出【译文】：现代分油机被设计为可长时间连续工作，这是通过定期排渣来实现的。26.one engine manufacturer recommends heavy fuel oil should not be heated above 80 to 95 (176

25、 to 203) before purification.this upper limit should be observed to ensure against( ).a.flattening of the bowl neoprene oringsb.operation within the explosive range of the fuelc.excessive purifier operating pressuresd.excessive oil viscosity答案：b解析：manufacturer：制造商；recommend：建议；flat：使平坦；bowl：分离简，滚筒；n

26、eoprene：氯丁橡胶；explosive：爆炸的；viscosity：黏度【译文】：发动机制造商建议重油在净化，之前不应该被加热到80到95(176到203)以上，应该遵守该上限以确保不在燃油爆炸极限范围内工作。27.sediment collects in a tubular purifier( ).a.on top coverb.on sides of bowlc.in drain line on the discsd.on the discs答案：b解析：sediment：沉积物；tubular：管状的；bowl：分离筒，滚筒；drain：放残【译文】：分水机的沉淀物积聚在分离筒的边

27、上。28.the cleaned heated oil, after passing through the centrifuges, is to be pumped to a( ).a.settling tankb.service tankc.ballast tankd.drain tank答案：b解析：drain:放残【译文】：燃油经过分油机后，被泵到日用油柜。29.the interface between the liquid seal (water) and the oil should be positioned ( )possible to the bowl periphery.

28、a.as far asb.as soon asc.as close asd.as closer as答案：c解析：interface：界面.bowl：分离筒，滚筒；periphery：周边【译文】：分油机中油水分界面应定位在尽可能靠近分离筒四周的位置。30.the most effective method in removing water from diesel fuel oil is by( ).a.centrifuging the fuelb.using it in the enginec.heating the fuel tanksd.starting the fuel答案：a解析：

29、从柴油中分离出水分的最有效的方法是离心分离。31.the operating water is supplied under the( )of an oil separator.a.sliding bowl bottomb.bowl hoodc.bowld.filter units答案：a解析：bowl：分离筒，滚筒.hood：罩盖【译文】：工作水从分油机滑动底盘下供给。32.the position of the interface between oil and water within the centrifuge is achieved by the use of( ).a.gravi

30、ty discb.centrifugal bowlc.a stack of discsd.main sealing ring答案：a解析：interface：界面；centrifuge：离心式分油机；achieve：完成，实现；centrifu-gal:离心的.bowl：分离筒，滚筒；stack：堆，许多【译文】：离心式分油机中，油水分界面的位置是通过使用比重环来实现的。33.the size of the discharge ring used for the efficient operation of a,disk type purifier is dependent upon the(

31、 ).a.rated capacity of that purifierb.viscosity of the oil being purifiedc.maximum design speed of that purifierd.specific gravity of the oil being purified答案：d解析：capacity：能力，容量；viscosity：黏度；specific：特定的，具体的【译文】：盘片式分油机的比重环大小应根据需净化的油的比重选择。34.the( )has a water damp ring.a.purifierb.oil/water separator

32、c.incineratord.distiller答案：a解析：damp：潮湿的；incinerator：焚烧炉；distiller：造水机【译文】：分水机有比重环。35.the( )is not a component of an oil separator.a.sliding bowl bottomb.gravity discc.separating discd.scum valve答案：d解析：bowl:分离筒，滚筒；scum:浮渣【译文】：上排污阀不是分油机的部件。36.the( )of the gravity disc is too big.it cause oil to flow t

33、hrough the water outlet.we changed the disc and no oil is found in the water outlet.a.gravityb.diameterc.circumferenced.cylinder答案：b解析：circumference:圆周【译文】：分油机比重环直径过大会引起出水口跑油(即水中带油)。更换比重环后出水口就没油了。37.to receive oil residues from the purification of fuel and lubricating oils in the machinery spaces,wh

34、at kind of tank(s) should be provided on board?( )a.bilge tankb.sludge tankc.overflow tankd.oil collecting tank答案：b解析：船舶上要配备污油(泥)柜来存放机舱燃油和润油处理产生的杂质(油渣)。38.to start the ejection process the oil feed to the centrifuge is first shut off and the oil remaining in the bowl removed by admitting( ).a.flashi

35、ng waterb.operating oilc.flushing waterd.sealing water答案：c解析：ejection:喷出；feed:供给；centrifuge：离心式分油机；bowl：分离筒，滚筒；flash：闪发，飞边；flush:冲洗【译文】：开始排渣冲洗时，应首先切断向分油机供油，残留在分离筒内的油通过注入冲洗水去除。39.when centrifuging heavy fuel oil, an important factor to consider is the( ).(1)flow rate; (2) viscosity of the fuel oil.a.

36、(l)onlyb.(2) onlyc.both (1) and (2)d.neither (1) nor (2)答案：c解析：factor:因素；consider：考虑；viscosity：黏度【译文】：当离心式分离重质燃油时，应考虑油的流量和黏度等因素。40.whether using a centrifuge or a simple filter, oil cleaning and filtration will be the most effective when the oil is at a( ).a.high temperature and a high viscosityb.hi

37、gh temperature and a low viscosityc.low temperature and a high viscosityd.low temperature and a low viscosity答案：b解析：centrifuge：离心式分油机；filtration：过滤；viscosity：黏度【译文】：温度较高、黏度较低时，油更易净化和过滤。41.which factor determines the ring dam size for a fuel oil, tubular bowl type, centrifugal purifier? ( ).a.the vis

38、cosity of the fuelb.the quantity of water to be removed from the fuelc.the specific gravity of the fueld.the quantity of dirt to be removed from the fuel答案：c解析：factor：因素；dam:阻碍物，坝；tubular：管状的；bowl：分离筒，滚筒；cen-trifugal：离心的；viscosity：黏度；specific：比的，特定的，具体的【译文】：哪个因素决定了分油机比重环的尺寸？燃油的比重。42.which of the fol

39、lowing influences the position of the interface between the liquid seal and the oil in a purifier?( )a.height of the machineb.temperature of the liquid sealc.gravity discd.bowl diameter答案：c解析：interface：界面；height：高度.bowl：分离筒，滚筒【译文】：比重环会影响分油机中的油水分界面。43.which of the following problems will occur if a d

40、isc-type centrifugal lube oil purifier is not properly primed prior to admitting oil flow to the bowl?( )a.contamination of the lube oil by emulsification will result.b.the lube oil willnot be subjected to the proper centrifugal force.c.the lube oil will overheat and flash.d.oil will discharge from

41、the heavy phase discharge port and be wasted.答案：d解析：centrifugal:离心的；bowl:分离筒，滚筒；contamination：污染；emulsifica-tion：乳化；flash:闪发，飞边；phase：相，方面【译文】：如果一个盘片式滑油离心分油机没有被(预先)注水燃油就进入分离筒，会引起下列哪个故障发生？滑油将会从重相排出口排出，从而造成浪费。44.which of the substances listed can be satisfactorily removed from diesel fuel by centri-fu

42、ging?( )a.sludgeb.gasolinec.fuel oild.lube oil答案：a解析：gasoline:汽油【译文】：借助于离心式分离，下列哪种物质能够从柴油中被很好的去除掉？污泥。45.which of the substances listed is satisfactorily removed from the fuel by a centrifugal oil purifier?( )a.impuritiesb.lube oilc.gasolined.diesel fuel答案：a解析：centrifugal:离心的；impurity:杂质；gasoline：汽油【

43、译文】：离心式燃油分油机能较理想地去除物理杂质。46.we use( )to distill fresh water from sea water.a.engineb.sea water pumpc.cylinder coolerd.fresh water generator答案：d解析：distill：蒸馏；fresh water generator：造水机【译文】：使用造水机从海水中蒸馏淡水。47.the fresh water generator produces fresh water( ).a.by cooling sea waterb.by heating sea waterc.b

44、y evaporation of sea waterd.by purifying sea water答案：c解析：fresh water generator:造水机【译文】：造水机通过蒸发海水的方式来产生淡水。48.the designed capacity is 25 tons a day, but the fresh water generator can only ( )22 tons at present.a.consumeb.distillc.rund.operate答案：b解析：distill：蒸馏；fresh water generator：造水机【译文】：造水机的设计蒸馏能力是

45、每天25 t，但目前每天只能蒸馏22 t。49.the process of boiling seawater in order to separate it into freshwater vapor and brine is usually defined as( ).a.dehydrationb.condensationc.evaporationd.dissolution答案：c解析：brine：海水【译文】：海水沸腾并分离成淡水蒸汽和盐水的过程称为“蒸发”。50.in the production of freshwater from seawater through a proces

46、s of heating and cooling, the cooling phase of production is usually called( ).a.evaporationb.distillationc.dehydrationd.condensation答案：d解析：通过加热和冷却的方法从海水中制取淡水，其冷却过程称为“冷凝”。51.( )is the production of pure water from sea water by evaporation and re-condensing.a.evaporationb.circulationc.condensationd.d

47、istillation答案：d解析：distillation：蒸馏【译文】：通过蒸发和再冷凝从海水中制取淡水的过程称为“蒸馏”。52.the process during which liquid containing a reasonable amount of sensible heat at a particular pressure immediately changes into steam after admitted to a chamber at a lower pressure is called( ).a.boiling offb.flash evaporationc.co

48、ndensationd.none of the above答案：b解析：sensible heat:显热；flash evaporation：闪蒸【译文】：在特定的压力下，具有一定显热的液体进入到压力较低的腔室时，迅速变成蒸汽，该过程称为“闪蒸”。53.water evaporates or steam condenses at the saturation temperature, which depends upon the pressure, the higher pressure( ) the saturation temperature.a.the moreb.the higherc

49、.the lowerd.the highest答案：b解析：saturation temperature：饱和温度【译文】：水在饱和温度下蒸发，水蒸气在饱和温度下冷凝。饱和温度取决于饱和压力，压力越高，饱和温度也越高。54.because of the reduced( )in the vacuum boiling evaporator, some of the sea water boils as it flows through the tubes.a.temperatureb.water levelc.pressured.rate of flow答案：c解析：vacuum boiling

50、 evaporator：真空蒸发式造水机【译文】：由于真空蒸发式造水机的压力较低，部分海水在流经管子时就已开始蒸发。55.more than one stage of evaporation can take place by admitting the sea water into chambers with progressively( )pressure in the flash evaporator.a.lowerb.higherc.the lowerd.the higher答案：a解析：progressively：渐进地【译文】：在闪发式造水机中，通过使海水进入压力渐低(真空度渐高)

51、的几个腔室中实现多级蒸发。56.in a vacuum distillation system, the case is the higher the pressure( ).a.the saturation temperature is higherb.the higher the saturation temperaturec.the higher is the saturation temperatured.the saturation temperature is more high答案：b解析：saturation temperature：饱和温度【译文】：在真空蒸馏系统中，压力越高

52、，饱和温度也就越高。57.in( ), hot diesel engine jacket water passes over the stack and heats the sea water passing through the tubes.a.a flash generatorb.a flash evaporatorc.a vacuum boiling evaporatord.a boiler答案：c解析：stack：管束【译文】：当真空蒸发式造水机工作时，缸套冷却水经过管束，加热在管内流动的海水。58.which of the following statements is true

53、concerning any evaporator?( )a.high conductivity of the distillate indicates distillate salinity is excessive.b.increasing the absolute pressure of the shell will increase the distillers capacity.c.mesh separators are used in evaporators to filter the distillate.d.reducing the brine density will red

54、uce the heat lost overboard.答案：a解析：conductivity：导电性；distillate：凝水；salinity：盐度【译文】：对于造水机来说，如果凝水导电性好，表明凝水盐度过高。59.a vacuum is initially established in the first and second stages of a low pressure evaporator by the use of( ).a.vacuum drag from the auxiliary condensate systemb.individual vacuum pumpsc.a

55、 single non-condensing air ejectord.a two stage air ejector答案：d解析：initially：最初地；ejector：喷射器，喷射泵【译文】：低压造水机第一、第二级的真空度最初是由二级抽气器建立的。60.early models of the flash-type evaporators used a separate shell-and-tube heat exchanger as the air ejector condenser.more recent models use a combined air ejector conde

56、nser with the( ).a.distilling condenserb.salt water feed heaterc.distillate coolerd.flash chamber答案：b解析：flash-type evaporators:闪发式造水机；shell-and-tube：壳管式；ejector：喷射器，喷射泵【译文】：早期的闪发式造水机使用独立的壳管式热交换器作为喷射冷凝器；而新型机使用的是喷射冷凝器与海水加热器的组合装置。61.the heated feed-water entering any flash chamber of a flash-type evaporator will( ).a.vaporize, with the unflashed water remaining at the temperature at which it entered the flash chamberb.vaporize, with the unf lashed water equalizing to the saturation conditions existing in the flash chamberc.vaporize, with the remaining water at a