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机电工程学院毕业设计外文资料翻译设计题目: 型小麦淀粉分离器结构设计 译文题目: 分布式三相分离器的结构与设计 院 系： 专业班级： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 教师职称： 译文出处: 黄正华 东南大学环境科学与工程系图书馆 文章编码：1000-1166（2007）02-0025-03 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 签名： 年 月 日附件1：外文资料翻译译文分步式三相分离器的结构与设计黄正华(东南大学环境科学与工程系，南京210096)文章编号：10001166(2007)02002503摘 要：三相分离器是UASB反应器中的关键组成部分。本文比较了几种常见的三相分离器的结构形式与优缺点，基于三相分离器的作用原理，设计了分步式三相分离器。该分离器中，气体进入沉降区前充分释放，混合液进入分离区不会干扰污泥回流，沉降区表面负荷较低，具有良好的分离效果。关键词：UASB反应器；三相分离器；厌氧生物处理 上流式厌氧污泥床(简称UASB)反应器，是由荷兰l_ettinga，等人于70年代开发的新型高效污水厌氧处理装置，具有结构简单、负荷高、适应性广等特点，可有效地处理高浓度有机废水中的难降解有机物。1999年统计了国外1303个厌氧反应器，UASB反应器占59 ，国内219个厌氧处理项目中120座以上采用了UASB反应器(1)。UASB反应器由进水和配水系统、反应器的池体和三相分离器3部分组成，其中三相分离器是最重要的设备，它的功能、效率对整个系统的处理能力有极大的影响 。目前国内外有多种结构的三相分离器，大多按固液和气液两相分离的方法进行设计，在负荷较高时仍会出现污泥流失，限制了反应器负荷的提高，因此能大规模生产应用的三相分离器并不多 。本文分析了器的作用原理。设计出结构简单、分离效果好的分步式三相分离器，提出简易设计方法，在多个工程实际中得到应用，收到很好的效果。1 三相分离器的作用原理三相分离器同时具有两个功能：收集反应室产生的沼气，使分离器内的悬浮物有效沉降。图1为传统的三相分离器，是德国的专利设计。其工作过程是：反应器内含有大量气泡的三相混合流上升至分离器底部，碰到反射板，气体折流而上，与固、液相分离，集中到气室排放。固液混合液进入分离器，在沉淀区分离，澄清液通过溢流堰排出。失去气泡搅动作用的污泥发生絮凝、沉降和浓缩，然后沿斜壁下滑，通过污泥回流口返回反应区。由于沉淀区内液体无气泡，污泥回流口以上的混合液比重大于反应器内液体比重，使浓缩后的污泥能够返回反应区。由此，三相分离器要实现良好分离效果，应满足：1水和污泥的混合物进入沉淀区之前，气泡必须分离；2污泥在沉淀器中的停留时间要短，以避免在沉淀区中产气；3沉淀区内表面负荷采用较小值，使污泥有效沉降。图1 传统三相分离器2 几种常见三相分离器的结构与特点图1为传统的三相分离器(德国专利：CerOften2921070)，混合液进人三相分离器后在反射锥的阻挡作用下折向两边，气泡快速上升，进人集气室，泥和水进人沉降区。由于消除了气泡的提升作用，液流在上升过程中速度逐渐降低，使污泥沉降。这种三相分离器结构简单，沉淀区内死区小，沉淀效率较高，但沉降区进水口和污泥回流口同在一处，易引起相互干扰，影响污泥正常回流，可能会造成厌氧污泥流失。图2 三相分离器结构形式图2是3种目前常用的分离器。图2a中，气、液、固三相流体进人分离器后，气体由集气罩收集后排出反应器，泥和水则通过集气罩和阻气板之间的缝隙进人沉淀区，进行泥水分离，上清液排出，沉淀污泥则返回反应区。这种三相分离器结构简单，气室面积和容量都比较大，但由于进水和污泥回流都在同一个环形缝隙上，因而回流污泥必然要受到进水水流的干扰。此外，沉淀器出水槽和进水口在同一侧，易引起短流现象，影响固、液分离。因此这种分离器常用于污泥沉降性能良好，水力停留时间长的反应器。图2b中，与气体分离后的液固混合物沿一狭形通道进人沉淀区，澄清液从溢流口排出，污泥在回流口形成污泥层，增加了回流推动力。该结构使污水进人与污泥回流严格分开，有利于污泥沉降，提高沉淀效率。但沉淀区的人流口面积较小，上升流速较快，沉淀区沉降性能较差的污泥可能被带出反应器。图2c所示三相分离器由集气室、挡气板、配水管、扩张区和再次分离区组成。气体分离后，固体悬浮物和液体进人沉淀室，在处于层流状态的沉淀室中污泥被分离出来，并在回流隔室下部形成污泥层。利用密度差，浓缩污泥由隔室板滑返至反应器。这种分离器将沉淀区与扩张和回流隔室分隔开，分离效率高。但结构复杂，所占空间大，适用于大型反应器中。另一方面，当UASB反应器水力负荷较高时，三相分离器中沉淀区表面负荷也较大，泥水分离效率下降，易引起污泥流失。由前述分析可知，不同结构的三相分离器均由集气室、沉降室、混合液人流口、污泥回流口和反射锥或阻气板组成。气体的完全分离、混合液人流口与污泥回流口分开、沉降室内较低的表面负荷均有利于提高三相分离器的分离效果。3 分步式三相分离器31 分步式三相分离器的结构与工作过程基于上述分析，充分考虑三相分离器必须满足的基本要求，笔者在有关工程实践中，设计了一种新型的分步式三相分离器(图3)，由气体释放区(区)、导流区( 区)、沉降区( 区)、污泥回流口(区)、集气室( 区)以及气体折射板、混合液导流板、反射锥和集水槽组成。气、液、固三相流在分离器中分步进行分离。首先含沼气的混合液在上升的过程中随着气泡合并密度降低，不断向上流动，在气体释放区上升到液面，气体释放到气室中。气体释放后的液体通过导流区，进人沉降区，沉降区的结构如同沉淀池，混合液从两边进人，上清液由中间集水槽排出，沉降浓缩后的污泥密度大于分离器下部含有气体的混合液的密度，由污泥回流缝流回厌氧生物反应区，维持高生物浓度。32 分步式三相分离器的特点(1)三相分离器采用先完成气相的分离，接着完成固液相间的分离，各段分离目的较为明确。 (2)混合液利用含有气态物的密度差特点完成上升过程，与图1，图2中反应器相比，较长的上升流程有利于气泡合并，并且气体在液面释放较完全，避免气泡附着进入沉降区，影响沉降效果。(3)上升区和回流区由于密度差可自动形成循环，不仅仅利用出水形成上升流。(4)与图1，图2a相比，分步式三相分离器中混合液进入与污泥回流不在同一通道，避免了污泥回流受到干扰。(5)与图2b，图2c相比，分步式三相分离器具有更大的沉降区表面积，有利于污泥的沉降。(6)分步式分离器可适用于封闭池体，利用池子的上部作为气室，若池盖做成浮动罩，可调节沼气压力。(7)对于采用中温或高温消化的UASB反应器，池顶加盖，有利于反应器上部的气室和分步式三相分离器的池体保温(8)分步式三相分离器结构较简单、安装维修方便。33 分步式三相分离器的设计要点分步式三相分离器中气体释放区的面积约占整个池面积的18，导流区的面积大约占整个池面积的18。导流板高度大于0。4 1TI，以保证沉降区的水深。沉降区的表面负荷0510 1TI 1TI h，回泥区斜板角度大于50。一60。，便于污泥滑落，污泥回流缝间隙4080 mm。出水槽排水管设计u形管水封，水封高度300500 illrtl，稳定气室压力。4 结语UASB反应器的处理效果取决于生物效率和水力效率两部份，两者又是相互作用。就三相分离器而言，效果良好的三相分离器可以保持反应器内较高的污泥浓度，而这与三相分离器的水力效率密切相关。由于三相分离器的水力效率取决于它的结构形式，因此结构良好的三相分离器对保证UASB反应器的处理效率具有重要作用。分步式三相分离器充分考虑了气、水、泥的分离特性，使气体在进入沉降区前充分释放，混合液进入不会干扰污泥回流，沉降区表面水力负荷较低，满足性能良好的三相分离器必须具备的条件，因此具有良好的分离效率，并且结构简单，安装维护方便，具有很好的应用前景。分步式三相分离器设计应用于无锡市第二制药厂柠檬酸废水厌氧生物处理等工程，取得了满意的处理效果。参考文献：1 Jana Schlick，Christine Wemer，Florian Klingel，Pmrick BrackenTepozEco urban ccosan pilot programEBOL2 Ina Jurga，lana Schlick，Florian Klingel。Patrick Brackcn，Christine WemerEcological settlement AllermoeheEBOL。3 Amo Rosemarin，Xiao Jun，Uno winblad，Guoyi Hart，Zhu QiangChinaSweden Erdos Ecotown ProjectDong Sheng Inner Mongolia ChinaEBOL。4 Sonny Syahril，Nicola R?th，Florian ngd，Christine Wemer，Patrick BrackenUrine separation and reuse project at the main building of GTZ GmbH EschbomEBOL).附件2：外文原文 （见下页） 文章选自 黄正华 东南大学环境科学与工程系图书馆 文章编码：1000-1166（2007）02-0025-03Structure and Design of Step-bystep Gas-LiquidSludge SeparatorHUANG Zheng-hua( Department of Environmental Science and Engineering of Southeast University。Nanjing 21o096，China)Abstract ：GasLiquidSludge separator is the key equipment of UASB reactorSeveral separators were compared in this paperon their structures，strongpoints and disadvantagesAccording to the separation principle of GasLiquidSludge separator，stepbystep GasLiqmd-Sludge separator Was designed and describedThe newly designed separator could release gas suglciently before liquid mixture enters sedimentation areaThe liquid mixture would not disturb sludge circumfluenceLower bydraulicload in sedimentation area could have higher separation efectKey words：UASB reactorstep-by-step Gas-Liquid-Sludge separator，anaerobic treatment Upflow anaerobic sludge bed (referred to as UASB) reactor, is from the Netherlands lan l_ettinga, and others developed in the 70s at the new high anaerobic management device, a simple structure, high load, wide adaptability, may have effectively the high concentration organic wastewater refractory organics. 1999, 1303 Statistics of foreign anaerobic reactor, UASB reactor accounted for 59% of the domestic projects 219 120 anaerobic treatment using UASB reactor above the J. UASB reactor inlet and the water distribution system from the reactor pool and three-phase separator 3 body parts, of which three-phase separator is the most important equipment, its functionality, efficiency, processing power of the entire system has great of J. There are several structures at home and abroad three-phase separator, mostly by solid-liquid and gas-liquid two-phase separation approach to design, there will still be higher in the sludge load loss, load limiting reactor increased, thus a large scale production and application of three-phase separators are not many. This paper analyzes several common three-phase separator structure and characteristics of the role of three-phase separator based on the principle. Design a simple structure, good separation step three-phase separator, simple design method proposed in a number of engineering has been applied, received very good resultsFirst The role of three-phase separator principle Three-phase separator also has two functions: to collect methane produced the reaction chamber, the separation of suspended solids inside the effective settlement. Figure 1 is a traditional three-phase separator, the design is patented in Germany. Course of their work are: the reactor contains a lot of air bubbles rising to three-phase mixed flow separation at the bottom, hit the reflector, baffle and the gas, and solid and liquid separation, concentrate chamber emissions. Solid-liquid mixture into the separator, the precipitation zone separation, supernatant discharged through the overflow weir. Stirring effect of the bubble lost flocculated sludge, sedimentation and concentration, and then down along the inclined wall, through the sludge return port to return the reaction zone. Because no bubbles of liquid precipitation zone, sludge return is greater than the proportion of population above the reactor, the mixture of liquid proportion of the concentrated sludge to return to the reaction zone. As a result, three-phase separator to achieve a good separation, should meet: 1. A mixture of water and sludge into the precipitation zone, to the bubble must be separated; 2. Precipitators in the sludge retention time is shorter, in order to avoid gas production in the precipitation area; 3. Sediment load of a smaller surface area value, the effective settlement of the sludge.Figure 1, the traditional three-phase separatorSecond Several common three-phase separator structure and features Figure one is a traditional three-phase separator (German Patent: Cer.Often2.921.070), three-phase mixture into the separator cone after reflection off to the side under the barrier, the bubble rising rapidly into the gas gathering room, mud and water into the settlement area. Enhance the effect of eliminating the air bubbles, flow rate gradually in the course of low-rise, so that sludge settling. The simple three-phase separator, settling the area more efficient precipitation of small dead zone, but the settlement area and the sludge return inlet port with one place, easy to cause interference and affect the normal return sludge may cause disgust loss of oxygen sludg.Figure 2 Structure of three-phase separator Figure two is three currently used separator. Figure 2a, the gas, liquid, solid-phase fluid into the separator, the gas is collected by the exhaust hood assembly reactor, mud and water through the collection hood and gas-barrier gap between the plates into the precipitation zone, the mud and water separation, the supernatant discharged, settled sludge is returned reaction zone. The simple three-phase separator, chamber size and capacity than the larger, but because of water and sludge return in the same slot on a ring, which return sludge is bound to be interference with water flow. In addition, the settler and a sink on the same side of the intake, can lead to short-circuiting phenomenon of solid and liquid separation. So the separator used in sludge settling in good, long hydraulic retention time Reactor. Figure 2b, with the gas mixture after the separation of liquid and solid form along a narrow channel into the precipitation zone, supernatant from the overflow discharge port, the formation of sludge in the sludge return port layer, increasing the return impetus. The structure of the sewage and sludge back into strictly separated, is conducive to sludge settling and improve the precipitation efficiency. However, the flow of precipitation area smaller population, rising velocity is higher, lower precipitation areas the sludge settling characteristics may be out of the reactor. Figure 2c shows the set of three-phase separator chamber, block gas board, water distribution, expansion area, and again separated zone. Gas separation, suspended solids and liquid into the deposition chamber, the precipitation in the laminar flow chamber sludge is separated and the lower compartment in the back layer of the formation of sludge. Use of density difference, concentrated sludge from the compartment back to the reactor ski. The separation and expansion of the precipitation area and the return compartment separated. High separation efficiency. But the complex structure, share a large space, for large reactor. On the other hand, when the UASB reactor hydraulic load is high, the three-phase separator in the sediment load is also larger surface area, mud and water down the separation efficiency, easy to cause the loss of sludge. From the above analysis, the different structures are set three-phase separator chamber, settling chamber, the mixture flow port, sludge return port and the reflection cone or gas barrier panels. Complete separation of gas, the mixture of sludge return flow port and port separated from the lower interior surface of the load settlement are beneficial to improve the separation of three-phase separator.Third Step three-phase separator3.1 Step three-phase separator structure and working process Based on the above analysis, to fully consider the three-phase separator must meet the basic requirements, the author works in practice, the design of a new three-phase separation step (Figure 3), the gas release area ( area) diversion area ( area), the settlement area ( area), sludge return port ( area), set the gas chamber ( area) and gas reflects the board, the mixture plate, composed of reflective cone and the water reservoirGas, liquid, solid-phase flow in the separator step by step separation. First, a mixture of methane on the rise with the process of merging with the bubble density decreases continuously to move upward, rising to the surface area of gas release, gas release into the gas chamber. After the release of the liquid gas through the diversion area, into the settlement area, the settlement in the structure as the sedimentation tank, the mixture of people from both sides into the supernatant was discharged by the middle of the water reservoir, the settlement is greater than the density concentrated in the sludge separator the lower the density of the mixture containing the gas from the anaerobic sludge return flow back into the reaction zone joints, maintain a high bio-concentration.3.2 Step by step the characteristics of three-phase separator(1) using the first complete three-phase separator gas separation, and then complete the solid-liquid phase separation, the purpose of more clearly separating the paragraphs. (2) contains the gaseous mixture using the density difference between physical characteristics of the process of completion increased, and Figure 1, Figure 2 reactor compared to the rise in long merger process is conducive to bubbles and more complete release of the gas in the liquid level to avoid air bubbles attachment into the settlement area of sedimentation. (3) increased area and recirculation loop because the density difference may be automatically formed, not only formed by the upwelling water. (4) and Figure 1, Figure 2a compared to step three-phase separator and sludge mixture back into the not in the same channel, to avoid disruption of the sludge return. (5) and Figure 2b, Figure 2c compared to step three-phase separator with a larger surface area of the settlement area is conducive to the settlement of sludge. (6) step separator suitable for closed cell body, the use of the upper pond as a gas chamber, if made into a floating pool cover hood, adjustable gas pressure. (7) for the use of UASB digestion temperature or high temperature reactor, tank top stamp is conducive to the upper chamber reactor and sub-step three-phase separator of the cell body heat. (8) step three-phase separator structure is relatively simple, easy installation and maintenance.3.3 Step three-phase separator design points Step three-phase separator in the gas release area about the size of the pool area of the1 / 8,diversion area roughly the size of the pool area of1/8.Spoiler height is greater than 0.41TI, to ensure the settlement area of the water depth. The surface of the load settlement zone 0.5-1.0 1TI 1TI h , back to the borrow area ramp angle is greater than 50. A 60. Easy to fall sludge, sludge return seam gap 40-80 mm. The design of the sink drain u-tube water seal, water seal height of 300-500 illrtl, stable chamber pressure.4 Conclusion UASB reactor treatment efficiency depends on the biological efficiency and the hydraulic ef
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