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Overall and structural design of rotary dryer1 IntroductionThe drying operation involves almost all sectors of the national economy and is widely used in production and life. The so-called dry is generally from solid materials make the evaporation and separation of a liquid (usually water) operation, including from the evaporation of the liquid or slurry material to remove moisture, in order to achieve solid in the loss of moisture. The purpose is to remove some of the raw materials, semi-finished and finished products in the water or solvent, in order to facilitate the processing, use, transport, storage, etc.Drying is a great deal of heat consumption, today in the strict demands on energy saving and heat source for drying, if the heat source of cheap gas and residual steam as the direction, the dryer itself, even with reduced thermal efficiency, but on the whole, the economy is still. In addition, before entering the drying process, the former treatment process can be used to reduce the water method is economical.For dry operation, the choice of the dryer is a very difficult and complicated problem. Due to the characteristics of dry materials, heating methods and materials - the fluid dynamics of the system must be fully considered. Due to the variety of dry materials, different requirements, it is impossible to have a universal dryer, can only choose the best drying method and dryer form.The main body of the rotary dryer is a cylinder which is slightly inclined and can rotate. Wet material from the upper part of the left join, through the inner cylinder, and through the inner cylinder hot air or heated wall surface of effective contact is dried, dried products from the lower part of the right end of the collection. During the drying process, the material is rotated slowly by the aid of the cylinder, moving from the higher end to the lower end under the action of gravity. The inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a parallel plate (or similar device), which continuously throws the material from the surface of the thermal contact surface of the material to increase, in order to improve the drying rate and promote the material moving forward. The heat carrier used in the drying process is generally air, flue gas or water vapor, etc. If the heat carrier, such as hot air and flue gas directly in contact with the material, after drying, usually with cyclone separator in gas entrained fine grained material capture set down, non air is after Cyclone vent. Rotary dryer is one of the oldest drying equipment, but it is still widely used in metallurgy, building materials, chemical industry and so on because of the high efficiency and the high efficiency of economic and practical work.2 Overview2.1 the purpose of dryingThe drying operation involves almost all sectors of the national economy and is widely used in production and life.The so-called dry is generally from solid materials makes the operation of evaporation and separation of a liquid (usually water), including from the evaporation of the liquid or slurry material to remove moisture, in order to achieve solid in the loss of moisture. The purpose is to remove some of the raw materials, semi-finished and finished products in the water or solvent, in order to facilitate the processing, use, transport, storage, etc.Drying is a great deal of heat consumption, today in the strict demands on energy saving and heat source for drying, if the heat source of cheap gas and residual steam as the direction, the dryer itself, even with reduced thermal efficiency, but on the whole, the economy is still.In addition, before entering the drying process, the former treatment process can be used to reduce the water method is economical.2.2 Main composition and function of rotary dryerRotary dryer is mainly composed of the following main parts. The cylinder is a main part, need in reaction or operation space determines the overall size. The cartridge is empty or has a copy board, and also has a chain, to achieve the purpose of increasing heat transfer and crushing material.A rolling ring is arranged on the cylinder, the weight of the material in the barrel body and the barrel is passed to the supporting wheel of the supporting seat through the rolling ring. A gear ring is arranged on the cylinder body of a block wheel seat near the support wheel. Gear mounted on the shaft of the reduction gear box is connected with the gear ring, and the gear box and the motor form a transmission mechanism.In the end of the drum material, is provided with a chamber for unloading of materials and incoming or the introduction of gas extraction. The outlet end of the cylinder is sealed with a sealing device (a labyrinth or an end face seal).At one end of the cylinder is provided with a discharging device, which is used for loading and unloading the processed solid material.The processed material and the air flow can flow in the rotating drum, and can also be counter current. If due to processes or reactions of must be heated, the heat can be directly offered by gas; also can be introduced by the cylinder wall; due to the cylinder of the material being handled by the release of heat of reaction; also by in cylinder direct fuel supply. The method of gas heating and the maximum temperature are determined by the properties of the solid material and the factors such as whether it is allowed to be dirty and so on.It is usually made of circular cross section in terms of manufacturing convenience, high mechanical strength and low material consumption. But a small rotating cylinder, there are also made of hexagonal or polygonal, and even some of the ends of the cone made of.The size of the contour of the cylinder decided to the required production capacity, the material in the barrel stay time and through the maximum cylinder gas to allow the speed.2.3 rotary drum dryer working principleThe main body of the rotary dryer is a cylinder which is slightly inclined and can rotate. Wet material from the upper part of the left join, through the inner cylinder, and through the inner cylinder hot air or heated wall surface of effective contact is dried, dried products from the lower part of the right end of the collection. During the drying process, the material is rotated slowly by the aid of the cylinder, moving from the higher end to the lower end under the action of gravity. The inner wall of the cylinder body is provided with a parallel plate (or a similar device), which continuously throws the material from the surface of the thermal contact surface of the material to increase, so as to improve the drying rate and cause the material to move forward. The heat carrier used in the drying process is generally air, flue gas or water vapor, etc. If the heat carrier, such as hot air and flue gas directly in contact with the material, after drying, usually with cyclone separator in gas entrained fine grained material capture set down, non air is after Cyclone vent. Rotary dryer is one of the oldest drying equipment, but it is still widely used in metallurgy, building materials, chemical industry and so on because of its great economic and practical work.2.4Classification and application scope of drum dryer2.4.1 direct heating(1) conventional direct heating rotary dryerThe material in the drying device is directly contacted with the hot air in the drying process, and the drying process is carried out by the method of convective heat transfer. According to the flow direction between the hot air and the material, the flow direction is divided into parallel flow and counter flow. The hot air and the material moving direction are the same in the flow type, and the hot air with high temperature at the entrance is in contact with the material with high moisture content. Because the temperature of material is in the stage of surface vaporization, the temperature of the product can still keep the wet bulb temperature. Although the temperature at the outlet side of the material increases, but at this time the hot air temperature has been reduced, so the temperature of the product will not be too large, so the choice of higher hot air inlet temperature, will not affect the quality of the product. For the heat sensitive material drying including those contains easy volatile material drying is very suitable for; for high temperature materials using counterflow drying, heat utilization rate is high. The air outlet temperature of the dryer is generally higher than that of the material outlet temperature of 10, 20. In the counter flow type, if not clearly defined, the general use of 100 degrees as the temperature of the outlet is more reasonable.The diameter of the cylinder is generally 0.4 - 3M, and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the cylinder is 4 - 10 -. The circumferential velocity of the dryer is 0.4 0.6m/s, the air velocity is in the range of 1.5 - 2.5m/s.(2) vane type wear circulation tube dryerIn accordance with the hot air blowing the blade wear transfer dryer is divided into surface blowing type and side blowing type two. Above is a diagram of a face blowing type, the cylinder is horizontally arranged, the distance along the cylinder wall circumferential direction with many leaves (blinds) from the end surface of the side inlet outlet side of tilt, hot air from the end into a rotary cylinder bottom, only from the lower part of the layer material part of the blade gap blowing tube in, so it can effectively ensure the drying in the full contact of the hot air and raw materials, does not appear short circuit phenomenon. The material is moved by the side of the inlet side of the outlet side, and the retention time of the material is moved by the side of the inlet side. Side blowing type and end blown into a pattern of different cylinder body slightly inclined installation is, most of the hot air from the open has many small holes in the barrel body, blowing tube, at right angles to the direction of movement of the material in the direction and the tube and then through triangular blades of shutter holes into material layer. A box shaped shell is arranged around the inner wall of the rotary drum body, and is divided into 3 and 4 independent chambers along the length direction of the rotating cylinder. Each chamber has an independent blower, an air heater, an air inlet and an exhaust port. The hot air temperature and the circulating air volume and the air volume can be adjusted automatically. This type of dryer volumetric heat transfer coefficient is big, about 349 - 1745w/ (m); the drying time is short, about to 10, 30min; materials filling rate is larger, about 20% - 30%; device volume is relatively small, material layer resistance for 98 - 588pa; channel wind speed is generally 0.5 - 1.5m/s; cylinder speed for the conventional direct heating transfer dryer 1 / 2 or so; use of the hot blast temperature 100 - 300 DEG C. In industry often use the dryer for drying granular, lump or flaky materials, materials such as coke, compressed dry beans, sugar and avoid damage. In addition, like plastic particles are a class must be dried to very low moisture of material and like materials with small density ten pieces, low pulp slag can to use it to dry.(3) ventilation tube rotary dryerThe dryer design and installation and conventional type is the same, different is cylinder is internally provided with a mounting board copy, material from the inlet end to the outlet end of the mobile process, always in a rotating cylinder at the bottom of the space, a stable material layer is formed, thus reducing the dust. The hot air enters from the end of the center pipe which is not rotated with the cylinder body, and is high speed, and is ejected from the small hole of the powder pipe which is buried in the material layer, and is in strong contact with the material. The volumetric heat transfer coefficient of the vent tube dryer is about two times of that of the conventional type. The circumferential speed of the rotary drum is about the conventional 1/2. Under the same production capacity, the length of the drying tube is only the conventional 1/2, so the cost of the equipment is greatly reduced.24.2 indirect heating rotary drum dryer1 conventional indirect heating rotary drum dryerThe dryer cylinder is built in the furnace, and the shell is heated by the flue gas. A concentric cylinder is arranged inside the cylinder. The flue gas enters the annular space between the outer shell and the furnace wall, and passes through the connecting pipe into the central tube of the drying cylinder. The conventional direct heating rotary dryer is especially suitable for drying the materials with longer drying stage. Because it can be quite stable in the drying temperature, so that the material has enough residence time, at the same time can be the use of rotary drum rotation, effectively prevent the agglomeration of materials. This dryer is suitable for drying heat sensitive materials, but not suitable for high viscosity, easy to agglomerate special material.2 steam tube indirect heating rotary drum dryer circle heating pipe is arranged in a concentric circle in a drying cylinder, one end of which is arranged on the drainage separation chamber of the collecting pipe box at the outlet of the dryer; the other end is provided with a heat expansion structure. The material in the dryer is heated by the opening and stirring of the heating tube and is dried, and with the help of the dryers inclination to move from the higher to the lower end, the discharge from the end of the row hopper. The dryer with conventional indirect heating transfer all the advantages of the dryer, it per unit volume of drying capacity is about 3 times of that of the conventional direct heating type, thermal efficiency as high as 80% - 90%, the material filling rate of 0.1 - 0.2.2.4.3 double heating rotary dryerThe dryer is mainly composed of a rotary drum and a central inner tube. The hot air enters the inner cylinder, and the material outlet end is folded into the outer cylinder, and the material is discharged from the raw material supply end. Material moves in the annular space along the outer wall of the housing and the inner wall of the central wall. The required heat, part by the hot air passing through the inner wall of the cylinder heat transfer surface, heat conduction to material; another part through the hot wind and materials in the shell wall and the central tube annular space in a countercurrent contact, by convection heat transfer to materials. The structure has the advantages that the air is first passed through the inner tube, and the entrained dust can be reduced, and the heat loss to the surrounding environment can be reduced, and the effective utilization rate of the heat energy is improved. 转筒干燥器的总体与结构设计1 引言 干燥的操作几乎涉及到国民经济的所有部门，广泛用于生产和生活之中。所谓干燥，一般是指从固体材料中使液体（主要是水份）挥发和分离的操作，也包括从液体或泥浆状的物料中蒸发除去水分，以达到固体中失去水分的操作。其目的是除去某些原料、半成品以及成品中的水分或溶剂，以便于加工、使用、运输、储藏等。干燥是消耗大量热量的操作，在严格要求节省能源的今天，干燥所使用的热源，若能把利用废气及剩余蒸汽等廉价的热源作为方向，对于干燥机本身来说，即使热效率降低，但对整体而言，还是经济的。另外，在进入干燥工序之前的前处理工序，能采用降低水分的方法是经济的。对于干燥操作来说，干燥器的选择是非常困难而复杂的问题。因被干燥物料的特性、供热的 方法和物料 干燥介质系统的流体动力学等必须全部考虑。由于被干燥物料的种类繁多，要求各异，决定了不可能有一个万能的干燥器，只能选用最佳的干燥方法和干燥器形式。转筒干燥器的主体是略带倾斜并能回转的圆筒体。湿物料从左端上部加入，经过圆筒内部时，与通过筒内的热风或加热壁面进行有效的接触而被干燥，干燥后的产品从右端下部收集。在干燥过程中，物料借助于圆筒的缓慢转动，在重力的作用下从较高的一端向较低的一端移动。筒体内壁上装有顺向抄板（或类似的装置），它不断地把物料抛起又洒下，使物料的热接触面表面增加，以提高干燥速率并促进物料向前移动。干燥过程中所用的热载体一般为空气，烟道气或水蒸气等。如果热载体（如热空气、烟道气）直接与物料接触，则经过干燥后，通常用旋风除尘器将气体中所夹带的细粒物料捕集下来，非空气则经旋风除尘器后放空。转筒干燥器是最古老的干燥设备之一，但由于经济实用工作量大，效率较高，目前仍被广泛使用于冶金、建材、化工等领域。2 概述2.1 干燥的目的干燥的操作几乎涉及到国民经济的所有部门，广泛用于生产和生活之中。所谓干燥，一般是指从固体材料中使液体（主要是水分）挥发和分离的操作，也包括从液体或泥浆状的物料中蒸发除去水分，以达到固体中失去水分的操作。其目的是除去某些原料、半成品以及成品中的水分或溶剂，以便于加工、使用、运输、储藏等。干燥是消耗大量热量的操作，在严格要求节省能源的今天，干燥所使用的热源，若能把利用废气及剩余蒸气等廉价的热源作为方向，对于干燥机本身来说，即使热效率降低，但对整体而言，还是经济的。另外，在进入干燥工序之前的前处理工序，能采用降低水分的方法是经济的。2.2 转筒干燥器的主要组成及作用转筒干燥器主要有以下主要部分组成。筒体是一主要部分，其外廓尺寸决定于反应或操作所需要的空间。筒内是空的或装有抄板，也有装着链子的，以达到增加传热和粉碎物料的目的。筒上装有滚圈，筒体及筒中所装物料的重量，通过滚圈而传给支座的托轮，支座装有防止筒体作轴向窜动的装置。靠近托轮一挡轮座的筒体上，装有齿圈，以带动筒体回转。装在减速箱轴上的齿轮与此齿圈相连，减速箱和电动机构成一传动机构。在转筒的物料端，装有一个小室，为卸出物料及传入或引入引出气体而用。筒的出料端用密封装置（迷宫或端面式的密封）加以密封。在筒的一端设有卸料装置，用以加卸出被处理的固体物料。被处理的物料与气流在转筒内即可以并流，也可以逆流。如果由于过程或反应的进行必须加热，则此热量可由气体直接供给；也可由筒壁传入；可由于筒内被处理物料所放出的反应热；也可由在筒内直接烧燃料供给。气体加热的方法及其最高温度决定于被处理固体物料的性质及是否允许被弄脏等多种因素。从制造方便、机械强度大及材料消耗少等方面考虑，转筒通常做成圆形截面。但是小的转筒，也有做成六边形或多边形的，甚至有的将两端做成锥形的。圆筒的外廓尺寸决定于所需的生产能力、物料在筒内所停留的时间以及通过圆筒的气体的最大允许速度。2.3转筒干燥器的工作原理转筒干燥器的主体是略带倾斜并能回转的圆筒体。湿物料从左端上部加入，经过圆筒内部时，与通过筒内的热风或加热壁面进行有效的接触而被干燥，干燥后的产品从右端下部收集。在干燥过程中，物料借助于圆筒的缓慢转动，在重力的作用下从较高的一端向较低的一端移动。筒体内壁上装有顺向抄板（或类似的装置），它不断地把物料抛起又洒下，使物料的热接触面表面增加，以提高干燥速率并促使物料向前移动。干燥过程中所用的热载体一般为空气、烟道气或水蒸气等。如果热载体（如热空气、烟道气）直接与物料接触，则经过干燥后，通常用旋风除尘器将气体中所夹带的细粒物料捕集下来，非空气则经旋风除尘器后放空。转筒干燥器是最古老的干燥设备之一，但由于经济实用工作量大、效率较高，目前仍被广泛使用于冶金、建材、化工等领域。2.4 转筒干燥器的分类及适用范围2.4.1 直接加热式（1）常规直接加热转筒干燥器该干燥设备
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