《荒野猎人》中休·格拉斯的复仇分析

1、AcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Mr. Liu Zhigang, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of the thesis, he has spent

2、 much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without his patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institu

3、te, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and prepared for the thesis academically.My heartfelt thanks also go to my parents who have constantly inspired and supported me at various stages of my work. I deeply appreciate their kindness.AbstractBritish and Ameri

4、can literature works remain revenge theme, including classics. After these classics, more and more good works appear and The Revenant is successful after the work and deduces the revenge theme of literature. The Revenant is nearly popular revenge-theme works all over the world. Meanwhile, it is a ki

5、nd of new form of modern American literature and a distinct displaying window. The work tells the story of the 19th century. After suffering from being hurt by a bear and abandoned by his partner，who kills the protagonists son just for the sake of money, the protagonist (a leather hunter) experience

6、s a series of painful miraculous survivals and then carries out his revenge. Because of its special status and existing peculiarity in humans emotional life, revenge is an entity condensing the plot structure and random factors, and it gradually becomes an inner impetus and focus in many similar wor

7、ks.This paper comprehensively analyzes the leading character, Hugh Glasss development of vengeful mentality and vengeful behavior, and it explores our new thoughts to the modern civilization, from the perspective of survival, revenge and the love call. Although mankind has entered the modern civiliz

8、ed society and legal construction has experienced a surge development. But in literature, the revenge theme is still commonly to see.Therefore, studying revenge-theme literature will make us reacquaint and appreciate the literary types, which is not only the deep understanding of the literature itse

9、lf, but also the deep probing and the study of human society as well as culture.Key Words: revenge; survival; emotion; literature摘 要英美文学有关复仇主题的作品数不胜数，其中不乏经典。在经典的背后，也不缺少更新的作品出现，而荒野猎人这部作品就成功地复刻和演绎了复仇主题文学。荒野猎人是近两年的热门复仇主题作品，也是近代美国文学的一种新的表现方式和别样的展示窗口。故事讲述了19世纪一名皮革猎人被熊所伤又被同伴弃之荒野并谋财杀子后，经历种种痛苦奇迹存活并展开复仇的故事。复

10、仇是凝聚情节结构及随机性因素的实体，因其存在于人类情感生活中的特殊位置和发生，从而使其逐渐成为众多作品情节的内在推动与聚焦。本文全面分析主人公休格拉斯的复仇心理发展和复仇行为发展，并从生存、复仇以及爱的呼唤三个主题中探析复仇引发我们对现代文明的新思考。尽管人类已经进入现代文明社会，法治建设得以发展。但在文学作品中，复仇主题仍然多见。因而，研究复仇主题文学也会重新使得我们认识并欣赏这一文学类型。这既是对文学作品本身的深入了解，同时也是对人类社会及文化的研究与反思。关键词: 复仇；生存；心理；文学；ContentsTOC o 1-3 h z u 1. Introduction 1The Analy

11、sis of The Glass Revenge in The Revenant1. IntroductionMichael W. Punke is the author of The Revenant: A Novel of Revenge, which was published by Carroll & Graf in 2002. He (born December 7, 1964) is an American writer, novelist, professor, policy analyst, policy consultant, attorney, and currently

12、also serves as the US Ambassador to the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. He is best known for writing The Revenant, which was adapted into film as The Revenant (2015). He has also served on the White House National Security Council staff and on Capitol Hill. He was formerly the histo

13、ry correspondent for Montana Quarterly and an adjunct professor at the University of Montana. He also is the author of Fire and Brimstone: The North Butte Mining Disaster of 1917, and Last Stand: George Bird Grinnell, the Battle to Save the Buffalo, and the Birth of the New West. His family home is

14、in Montana.Michael W. Punke allegedly came up with the idea to write the novel while on an airplane, after reading a couple of lines in a history book about real-life frontier fur trapper Hugh Glass. Punke was also working at the law firm of Mayer Brown at the time when he started the book (1997), s

15、o he would go to the office as early as 5:00 AM before anyone else got there to write pages for roughly three hours, and then do his job for eight to ten hours. The book took a total of four years to complete and according to his brother Tim, Punke actually caught pneumonia at least four times durin

16、g the writing process. Punke also performed extensive research on Glass, which included setting up and testing real hunting traps. The book was published in 2002 to little fanfare, although Punke was able to sell movie rights to it. Once he discovered the novel, Director Alejandro G. Irritu fought f

17、or it to be made into a movie, where other directors such as Park Chan-Wook and producers such as Megan Ellison were also attached.As a high-ranking federal employee, Punke is prohibited by ethics rules from talking publicly or to the media about his work, attending events, signing book copies or co

18、nducting any other activities that could be seen as promoting his work for his personal enrichment. He is, however, allowed to earn royalties and other payments from it. Punkes brother Tim and wife Traci frequently speak for him instead.The Revenant is a novel by Michael Punke. And it was adapted in

19、to film as The Revenant (2015,). This film is a brutal tale about survival, revenge and love. And it is also reflected the true history of the U.S. in the 1820s. The film tells the story of Hugh Glass, a trapper played by Leonardo DiCaprio. Fur traders send Glass and a team of trappers to the US Wes

20、t Coast to hunt, but along the way, Glass is badly injured in a grizzly bear attack. He resolves to take revenge on the colleagues who left him for dead. Unlike his fellow fur trappers, who pursue economic gain by any means necessary, Glass is depicted as relatively respectful to the Native American

21、s. He even marries an aboriginal wife. He represents some of the invaders who were less greedy and inhumane.People often say that, compared with nature, man is insignificant. Yet the film depicts humankinds tenacious vitality under intolerable conditions. Glass survived a frozen river, gunfire, and

22、a grizzly bear mauling. Just as the line on the movie poster says, hes “one who has returned, as if from the dead.” (The Revenant, 2015)2. The Analysis of The RevenantThe Revenant is a 2American semi-biographical Western film directed and co-produced by Alejandro G. Irritu (/w

23、iki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu o Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu) and co-written by Irritu andMark L. Smith (/wiki/Mark_L._Smith o Mark L. Smith), based in part on Michael Punkes 2002 novel of the same name, describing frontiersman Hugh Glasss experience in 1823.2.1 T

24、he Background of The RevenantFrom beginning of the 17th century, the French, British, Russians, American came to the North America one after the other, they exploited the West America together. And in the process of exploitation, an importance form of economic trade was the fur trading. Fur trade wa

25、s the way for the West America to turn from tradition to modern, from backwardness to civilization. The businessman transport the furs from the West America to Europe, even Asia, and brought the industrial product back. Thats the main mode of fur trade. Before 18th century, the French played a lead

26、role in North America. The main characteristic of trading form still was the small-scale trade, which relied on the small merchant and some pathfinders. After 18th century, not only the French but also the British, American and even the Muscovy, they all joined the trade activities that in order to

27、share the profit of the fur trading. But the fur trading needed the Indians cooperation. No matter what the trading in miniature early or large-scale trading afterwards, all these needed the Indians cooperation. With the increase in trade volume, they needed to capture a large number of animals. As

28、we all known that, the Indians were good at do that, so the cooperation with each other was necessary in that time.The Indians also lived in a logging condition at that time, life was tough, but they still kept the good qualities. They were brave, honesty, integrity and friendship. In other words, t

29、he Indians psychosis and morals appearance were very well. Afterward, European settlers came to this land with their muskets. The Indians had no other baleful ideas or venomous thoughts. But, the Europeans settlers had many bad behavior to the Indians, such as plundered and killed the Indians. Even

30、so, most of the Indians were friendly to the settlers. They had no xenophobia in the land. After the peacetime, the Indians felt fear by the settlers unamiable behavior gradually until they felt abomination. The attitude change rooted in that the settlers constant aggression against the Indians and

31、the sharp spear of the two sides for survival and competition. The Indians found the settlers were treachery and cruelty, grab. They firmly believed the society of the settlers filled with malady and also were different with the society of the Indians, including the life style.In the following 19th

32、century, the Northwestern America also developed the fur trading.The development of the wild Western America consists of the magnificent chapter in the history. From the first pathfinder to the settlers, they occupied hunting area and residential area of the Indians. This also was a long history to

33、the America.But this film is the only one that tell us the true story of the development of the west America. And the fur trading was an importance part of the 19th century in American history. The background of The Revenant was the settlers intrude into the Sioux territory. It was a story of reveng

34、e. The Hugh Glass and his companion of the hunting team were intruded into the territory of the Sioux and killed large number of animals to get the furs. But at this time, they were under attacked and more than half dead. They had no choice to escape by the boat. But the Sioux were familiar with the

35、 area, so they had to abandon the boat and bypass the river. Hugh Glass was badly mauled by a grizzly bear (/wiki/Grizzly_bear o Grizzly bear) when he went his own way. Fortunately, he was rescued by his companion in time, but he could not act that time. Hugh Glasss companions

36、 could not take care of him in a heavy snow situation, because this will made them cant escaped before the Sioux came. So, the caption Andrew Henry engaged Jim Bridge and John Fitzgerald by high reward. Meanwhile, Glasss son, Hawk, wanted to leave and followed his father. After their team leaving, F

37、itzgerald in order to save trouble and coveted the money, he tried to muffle Glass to death. At that time, Hawk came back and disputed Fitzgerald. But he was killed by Fitzgerald, Glass saw that all at the same time. He saw the tragedy with his own eyes and he could not move or do anything. The deat

38、h of Hawk deeply stimulated the Glass and kindled his heart to revenge. There was because of that Hawk was his only hope and Fitzgerald ruined it. This also buried clues to the following story of Glasss revenge.2.2 The Plot SynopsisIn 1823, Hugh Glass guided Andrew Henry (/wik

39、i/Andrew_Henry_(fur_trader) o Andrew Henry (fur trader)strappers (/wiki/Trapping o Trapping)throughunorganized territory (/wiki/Unorganized_territory o Unorganized territory). While he and his half-Pawnee (/wiki/Pawnee_people o Paw

40、nee people)son, Hawk, were hunting, the companys camp is attacked by anArikara (/wiki/Arikara o Arikara)war party. Glass recommended that the survivors traveled on foot toFort Kiowa (/wiki/Fort_Kiowa o Fort Kiowa), as traveling downriver would make them

41、vulnerable. After docking, the crew stashes the pelts near the shore.Glass was badly mauled by agrizzly bear (/wiki/Grizzly_bear o Grizzly bear)and left close to death. Trapper John Fitzgerald, fearful of other Arikara attack, argueed that the group mustmercy-kill (https:/en.w

42、/wiki/Euthanasia o Euthanasia)Glass and keep moving. Henry agreed, but was unable to pull the trigger. Instead, he offered money for someone to stay and took care of Glass. When the only volunteers were Hawk and the young trapperJim Bridger (/wiki/Jim_Bridger o Jim

43、 Bridger), Fitzgerald agreed to stay to recoup his losses from the abandoned pelts.After their team left, Fitzgerald attempted to smother Glass but it wass discovered by Hawk. Fitzgerald stabed him to death as Glass watched helplessly. The next morning, Fitzgerald convinced Bridger that the Arikara

44、were approaching and they must abandon Glass. After they departed, Fitzgerald admited he lied. When Fitzgerald and Bridger met Henry at the camp, Fitzgerald told Captain Henry that Glass died and Hawk vanished.Glass began hhis arduous journey through the wilderness. He performed crude self-surgery a

45、nd eluded the pursuing Arikara who were looking for the Chiefs kidnapped daughter, Powaqa. Glass encounters Pawnee refugee Hikuc who said that “Revenge is in the Gods hands， not mine.” The men shared bison meat and they traveled together. After a hallucinogenic experience, Glass discovered Hikuc han

46、ged by the French hunters. He infiltrated their camp and saw a member of the French hunters who raping Powaqa that time. He saved and freed her. He also killed two French hunters and stolen Hikucs horse, left his canteen behind the French camp. The next morning, Glass was ambushed by the Arikara and

47、 driven over a cliff on his horse. He survived the night byeviscerated (/wiki/Disembowelment o Disembowelment)the horse and sheltered inside its carcass.A French survivor staggers into Fort Kiowa and Bridger recognizes his canteen as Glasss. Believing it stolen, Henry organize

48、d a search team. Fitzgerald, realized Glass was alive, emptied the outposts safe and fled. The search team found the exhausted Glass. Enraged, Henry ordered Bridger arrested, but Glass vouched that he was deceived and reveals Fitzgerald murdered his son. Glass and Henry set out in pursuit of Fitzger

49、ald.After the two split up, Fitzgerald ambushes and kills Henry. Glass props Henrys corpse on his horse as a decoy. Fitzgerald shoots the decoy, and Glass shoots Fitzgerald in the arm. He pursues Fitzgerald to a riverbank where they engage in a brutal fight. Glass is about to kill Fitzgerald, but sp

50、ots a band of Arikara downstream. He remembers Hikucs words and pushes Fitzgerald downstream into the hands of the Arikara. The chief scalps and kills Fitzgerald and the Arikara spare Glass. Heavily wounded, Glass retreats into the mountains where he is visited by the spirit of his wife.2.3 The Anal

51、ysis of the Main CharactersIn the film, the relationship is relatively simple. It not only shows the correspondence between the Indians and the colonists in North America, but also reflects the conflicts and disputes between the colonists. Among them, the relationship between Glass and his wife and

52、childrens emotional performance, and the contradiction between the way of hatred and resentment between the presentation of the enemy and the appearance of Glass and Fitxgerald. Therefore, the Revenge of these relations and contradictions, became the main line of the film.2.3.1 The Characters of Mai

53、n CharactersHugh Glass (c.1783 1833)was an Americanfrontiersman (/wiki/Frontiersman o Frontiersman),fur trapper (/wiki/Trapping o Trapping)and trader, hunter, and explorer. He was known to us for his story of survival and retribution, after being left fo

54、r dead by companions when he was mauled by agrizzly bear (/wiki/Grizzly_bear o Grizzly bear). And then the unscrupulous Fitzgerald hulk killed his son, he also abandoned to die in the wilderness. But Glass was really very hard to survive, he traveled for several months in the

55、land of the wilderness, finally returned to the camp safety and revenge.John Fitzgerald was a very greedy and unscrupulous hunter, originally he hired by the captain to take care of the dying glass, brutal murder, the son of Glass and himself was abandoned in the wilderness, and deceive the captain

56、after return to camp. After being exposed, he fled alone, in final battle against glass.Bridger was a good-hearted man but timid fur hunters, captain originally promised to take care of Glass after he was Fitzgerald lies to deceive, sargeras will be abandoned in the wilderness.Captain Andrew Henry w

57、as a very justice heart of the captain, he led to the next into the wilderness hunting the fur business. He was saved Glass who was hurted by a grizzly bear. And he paid 300 to hire Fitzgerald and Bridger to take care of Glass.2.3.2The Resentment Between Hugh Glass and John FitzgeraldHugh Glass and

58、his companions invaded the Sioux territory, hunting a large number of animals to get fur, so we can see they suffered a tribe attack at the beginning of the film. There were more than half of casualties, so they had to evacuate and later in order not to be caught up by the Soiux. They abandoned the boat and get ashore. One day, Glass accidentally fell into a nest of bears territory when he was travel alone. The mother bear several times attacked him for guarding her child. Although the fighting was fierce, but finally Glass killed the mother