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密 级分类号编 号成 绩本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题Discussion on automobile transmission译 文 标 题浅谈汽车变速器作者所在系别机电工程学院作者所在专业车辆工程作者所在班级B13142作 者 姓 名崔浩男作 者 学 号201322397指导教师姓名焦运景指导教师职称副教授完 成 时 间2017年3月5北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题 浅谈汽车变速器原文标题Discussion on automobile transmission作 者Helmut Kohl译 名赫尔穆特科尔国 籍德国原文出处 德国法兰克福汇报 Transmission to change the engine to the driving wheel torque and speed, the purpose is in various driving conditions, different vehicle traction and speed, while the engine in the most favorable conditions within the scope of. The transmission consists of a variable speed transmission mechanism and a control mechanism. In China, the manual transmission is still the mainstream of the vehicle transmission. Sales of domestic and foreign automobile manufacturing data and display, the car ride comfort more and more attention. In the European market, the original manual transmission market, has been occupied by automatic transmission. In Britain, for example, automatic transmissions now account for 15% of the total. 5 years ago, the figure was $13.5%. It is estimated that by 2012, only 6% of the cars sold in the North American market will be manual. In the European transmission market in 2013, a manual automatic transmission will account for about 20%. In the China market, automatic transmission share is also increasing rapidly, predictably, the cars with automatic transmission is the leading products in the future market, and grasp the development of automatic transmission manufacturing technology is to catch up with the world trend in the direction of transmission manufacturing. The priority of the development of manual and automatic transmission has a technical continuity, for our country has a greater advantage. In the past ten years, the transmission industry in our country has attached great importance to the development of new products, both from the input of capital and the input of manpower and material resources. Ten years ago, we developed the most transmission products have a common characteristic, is the new product development process is not complete, but with the rapid development of these years in China, Chinas transmission product design and development process also gradually with foreign standards. The design and development process of a complete transmission new product usually includes: L. potential customer information collection. 2 transmission market survey, determine the direction of development. 3 develop technical solutions (identify key customer needs, determine the layout, refine customer needs, set development goals, etc.). 4 feasibility analysis. 5 conceptual design (Ratio selection, road load spectrum determination, the establishment of analytical models, Package and static dynamic gap analysis, etc.). With the development and application of CAD technology, a lot of researches and experiments have been carried out in many countries and departments. In the United States, Japan and Europe developed countries, the use of CAD technology to solve many tedious design and analysis calculations. The integrated system based on the graphics system, the database as the core, the tool system as the support, and the analysis and calculation as the application is formed.CAD technology in the United States has been in a leading position, its main goal is to establish a sound CAD/CAM integrated system. The earliest application of the CAD system in the automotive industry. General Motors Corporation, Ford and other companies have been widely used CAD technology. They will structure, strength and stiffness calculation, 3D solid modeling is applied in automobile design and development, CAD, CAPP, CAM, CAE integration, improve production efficiency, ensure product quality, improve the response speed of the market, thereby greatly improving their competitiveness, bring huge economic benefits for them. They are mainly used in CAD software PRO/E, UG, CATIA, IGES, etc. The automobile transmission is to solve the contradiction between the rotational speed and torque of the engine output and the speed and torque required by the vehicle. Vehicle performance is not only dependent on the engine, but also to a large extent depends on the transmission and the transmission and engine matching.At present, the application of automatic transmission technology, mainly in the following three forms: hydraulic automatic transmission; electronic controlled mechanical automatic transmission. Among them, the hydraulic automatic transmission and mechanical CVT, the same as the automatic transmission shift control, rather than cvt. Hydraulic automatic transmission.The basic structure of the hydraulic automatic transmission is composed of a hydraulic torque converter and an auxiliary transmission device of power shifting. Hydraulic torque converter installed in the engine and transmission between the hydraulic oil as the working medium, from the transmission torque, torque, speed and clutch role. Torque converter can automatically change the torque ratio and transmission ratio in a certain range, so as to adapt to the change of driving resistance. However, due to the torque converter torque coefficient is small, can not fully meet the requirements of the use of the car, so it must be used in combination with the gear transmission, expanding the range of transmission ratio. At present, most of the hydraulic automatic transmission uses planetary gear system as the auxiliary transmission. Planetary gear system is mainly composed of planetary gear mechanism and actuator. It can be seen that the hydraulic automatic transmission is actually able to realize the local stepless speed change of the transmission. Hydraulic automatic transmission is the most widely used automatic transmission. The adoption of this type of automatic transmission eliminates the complex operation of the manual transmission, so that the car becomes labor-saving. At the same time, the electronic control also makes the automatic switching process soft, smooth, so the car has a good ride comfort and safety, superior power and convenient maneuverability. But this kind of transmission efficiency is low, the structure is complex, the cost is also high.Electronically controlled mechanical automatic transmission Electronic control automatic transmission is based on the traditional fixed shaft transmission and dry clutch. The vehicle starting and shifting of the automatic control in the electronic control unit (ECU) as the core, through the hydraulic or pneumatic actuators to control the clutch separation and joint, shift operation and adjusting the engine of the solar term door. ECU according to the running state of the vehicle (engine speed, transmission input shaft speed, speed), the intention of the driver (throttle, brake pedal travel) and pavement condition (slope and curve) and other factors, according to the preset by the driving simulation of skilled driver (shift of the clutch engagement law), with the help of the corresponding actuator (engine throttle control actuator, clutch actuator, gearshift actuator), coordinated action on the engine, clutch and transmission of automatic control. AMT not only has the advantages of automatic transmission, but also retains the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, simple structure and easy manufacture. It combines the two advantages of high-tech products of electromechanical integration is very suitable for our country. It is the transformation of the mechanical transmission is the production of the original assembly retains most parts, only change the manual shift lever operating system, production of succession, the transformation of the investment costs less, is easy to be accepted by the manufacturers. Its disadvantage is non power shift, which can be obtained by the electronic control software to make up for.In several kinds of automatic transmission, the performance price ratio of AMT is the highest. In the middle and low grade cars, city buses, military vehicles, trucks and other aspects of the broad prospects for application. 变速器用来改变发动机传到驱轮上的转矩和转速，目的是在各种行驶工况下，使汽车获得不同的牵引力和速度，同时使发动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。变速器由变速传动机构和操纵机构组成。在中国，手动变速器仍然是车用变速器的主流。国内外的汽车制造与销售数据显示，人们对汽车驾乘的舒适性越来越重视。在欧洲市场，原本是手动变速器的市场，不断被自动变速器占领。如在英国.现在装配自动变速器的汽车占汽车总量的15%。而5年前，这个数字是13.5%。预计到2012年，北美市场出售的汽车中将只有6%是手动挡；2013年欧洲变速器市场上，配备手动自动一体的变速器将占20%。而在中国市场上，自动变速器的份额也在迅速增加，可以预见，带有自动变速器的汽车是未来市场的主导产品，发展和掌握自动变速器制造技术是追赶世界变速器制造潮流的方向。而优先开发手动自动一体变速器具有技术上的延续性，对我国来说具有更大的优势。 近十年以来，变速器产业在新产品开发方面特别重视，无论是从资金的投入，还是人力物力的投入，都是空前巨大的。十几年前，我们开发的大部分变速器产品都有一个共同的特点，就是这些新产品的开发流程是不完整的，而随着我国这些年的高速发展，我国变速器产品的设计开发流程也逐渐与国外接轨。 一个完整的变速器新产品的设计开发流程通常包括： l.潜在顾客的信息收集。2.变速器市场调查、确定开发方向。3.制定技术方案（识别顾客关键需求、确定布置方案、细化顾客需求、设定开发目标等）。4.可行性分析。5 概念设计（Ratio的选择、道路载荷谱的确定、建立分析模型、Package及静态动态间隙分析等优质产品。 随着CAD技术的发展和应用，许多国家和部门都对其进行了大量的研究和试验，随之开发并形成一些成套硬件和软件系统。在美国、日本及欧洲发达国家中，利用CAD技术解决众多繁琐的设计和分析计算。形成了以图形系统为基础、以数 据库为核心、以工具系统为支撑和以分析计算为应用的集成化系统。 美国的CAD技术一直处于领先地位，其主要目标就是建立完善的CAD/CAM集成系统。美国汽车工业最早应用了CAD系统。美国通用汽车公司、福特汽车公司等都已广泛应用CAD技术。他们将结构、强度、刚度等计算、三维实体造型应用于汽车的设计开发中，将CAD、CAPP、CAM、CAE集成，使生产效率提高，产品质量得到保证，市场响应速度提高，从而大大地提高了他们的竞争力，为他们带来了巨大的经济效益。他们应用的CAD软件主要有PRO/E、UG、CATIA、IGES等。 汽车变速器是为解决发动机输出的转速和转矩与车辆驱动所需的转速和转矩间的矛盾而设立的。车辆行驶性能的好坏，不仅取决于发动机，而且在很大程度上还依赖于变速器以及变速器与发动机的匹配。 目前自动变速器技术的应用，主要有以下三种形式：液力自动变速器;电控机械式自动变速器，简称;机械无级变速器。其中，液力自动变速器和机械无级变速器一样，是有级变速器的自动换档控制，而非无级变速器。 液力自动变速器 液力自动变速器的基本结构是由液力变矩器与动力换档的辅助变速装置组成。液力变矩器安装在发动机和变速器之间，以液压油为工作介质，起传递转矩、变矩、变速及离合的作用。液力变矩器可在一定范围内自动无级地改变转矩比和传动比，以适应行
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