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外文资料译文变速器尽管现代汽车所使用的变速器各式各样，但它们的工作原理是大致相同的。变速器有液力变速器，也有由制动器和离合器控制的行星齿轮组，行星齿轮组可以提供两个或三个前进挡。 变速器可以提供不同数值的传动比，对于发动机这很重要。发动机低速运转时传递动力不大。汽车起步时又要求输出扭矩较大，这使发动机就必须高速运转。驾驶员挂上第一档，此时使发动机以高速运转：其传动比为发动机的曲轴转12圈，后车轮转一圈。这时发动机提供的大功率使汽车启动并快速加速。然后，驾驶员换二档（分开离合器，使变速器中的齿轮顺利换档），此次后二档使汽车加速到更高的速度，速比为8：1，最后换到第三档，在这一档中，动力通过变速器直接传递，传动轴与发动机曲轴转速一致。第三档的传动比为1：1。另设有一倒档，在这一档中，传动轴将朝反方向传动，从而使汽车实现倒向行驶。 四轮驱动在美国，虽然更多的消费者不愿再使用运动型多功能车(休闲越野车SUV)，而更倾向于选择轿车和功能交叉型车，但他们依然不愿放弃全轮驱动（AWD）系统，因为对他们来说，这是一个安全的系统。在最近一次对休闲越野车（SUV）车主的调查中，73的车主表示他们希望自己的下一部车是全轮驱动型车，或四轮驱动型车。豪华车市场中50的车主希望自己的客车或运货车卡车是全轮驱动的。来自工业调查公司JD Power的一份近期报告预测，截至2008年，四轮驱动汽车将占到美国汽车市场的37。预计基于前轮驱动车的AWD系统销量的增加，将促成这一增长的到来，而AWD的市场份额在未来两年内，将达到现在的两倍还要多，即从现在的13增至32。看到SUV车销量下滑，汽车制造商福特公司顺势而动，推出带有全轮驱动的福特Fusion、水星Milan、林肯MKZ中型私家轿车、福特Egde和林肯MKX多功能交叉车。现今，福特已有36种车型提供四轮驱动或全轮驱动。与四轮驱动的手动启动不同，AWD系统要么处于不停运转，要么不停地监控汽车运行情况并独立启动。对于驾驶者而言，车轮之间扭矩的交替改变几乎是察觉不到的。 全轮驱动技术的优点可以让引工程师们在最佳牵引力下准确地对某个或几个车轮传递扭矩。系统每秒对车况进行100次监测，分析运行中车轮的实时状况，驾驶员的动作如方向盘的转动和踩油门的力度，然后相应地变换扭矩并传给车轮。“全轮驱动的突出优势在于：可以灵活地传递扭矩并能对任一车轮进行制动，”销售经理罗伯特帕克说：“以前我们只能进行从前到后或从后到前的扭矩传递，而先进的全轮驱动技术让我们可以在最佳牵引力下准确地对某个或几个车轮传递扭矩”。在2007年车型使用的全轮驱动技术中，像Fusion和MXZ都是典型的前轮驱动模式。扭矩施加到前轮便于将车向前牵引。因为发动机位于车的前部不论是向前牵引还是操纵方向，其重量都将提供给车轮更大的牵引力。然而，当系统测得牵引力不足时，它会将扭矩转至任何一个或所有车轮。汽车在光滑路面上行驶时效果最为明显，但其实AWD系统在许多不明显的情况下提升着牵引力。前轮驱动型汽车存在着比较普遍的问题是：转向不足，转弯时这一问题尢为突出。如果前轮驱动型车在转弯时加速，汽车后部会突然承受过多重量，这将导致前轮牵引力不足。当驾驶员想要打急转弯时，汽车前轮会径直冲向弯道外测。而全轮驱动系统则会通过调整施加于车轮的扭矩或改变发动机转速或二者兼有之进行自动补偿。 自2007年伊始，预计配有AWD系统的汽车年销售量约为50万辆，其中的40万辆将是轿车和功能交叉型车。听起来这似乎是个大订单，但福特方面表示，由于其正致力于令该技术让消费者更买得起，所以这个销售目标其实不难达到。 福特计划销售全轮驱动车型时的售价比其竞争者低3，1005，400美元（合人民币24，00043，000元），在某种情况下还将降低部分前轮驱动型汽车价格。美国汽车工业的竞争将会达到新的激烈阶段车辆安全系统沃尔沃公司采用主动安全和交互性更好的安全电子设备来增加驾驶员的安全感几乎每个人都担心车的安全性。但对于一个跨国汽车公司来说，最重要的是要认识到，造成这个问题的原因在各个国家是不相同的。瑞典的沃尔沃汽车公司在车辆安全性方面享有很高的声誉。然而随着各种车型纷纷提供最高级别的碰撞保护，这家汽车公司开始对影响买主安全感的其他因素进行关注。该公司对一系列与车辆安全相关的预防性措施，包括主动安全系统和呼救系统进行了研究。过去，各汽车公司重视的是被动安全系统，即在发生事故时能为乘员提供保护的系统。现在，他们开始放宽眼界，“我们现在将注意力放在预警系统和防止事故发生的预防系统上”沃尔沃公司的安全问题负责人Ingrid Skogsmo说。安全问题有三个要素：车辆本身、交通状况和人。坐在方向盘后面的人仍然是最重要的安全因素，但与材料和结构相比，电子设备显得越来越重要。为了能在紧急情况下迅速做出决定，驾驶员必须时刻保持清醒并战胜疲劳，但往往是说起来容易做起来难。“研究表明，经常在一辆车径直撞入另一辆车的尾部时，后车驾驶员的脚还没碰到刹车，”Skogsmo说。“这很可能是因为驾驶员根本没有看到前方正在发生的情况，因而也就不可能防止事故的发生。我们开发的电子安全系统能在发生事故时为驾驶员赢得足够的时间，让他们能操纵车辆脱离险境”交通繁忙的街道，驾驶中面临的多种选择和移动电话等都可能分散驾驶员的注意力。为了帮助驾驶确定什么信息是最重要的，可在车上采用一种能比人眼更快的速度判读交通情况的先进技术。主动安全系统能提醒驾驶员注意潜在的威胁，在关键情况下，当驾驶员已经来不及做出反应，制止事故发生时，该系统甚至可以主动采取行动。“该系统并不控制驾驶，而只是帮助驾驶员提高驾驶安全并使驾驶过程更愉快而已，”Skogsmo说。沃尔沃公司已经将其所开发的几种主动安全技术投入了使用。该公司与2003年开发出了智能驾驶信息系统（Intelligent Driver Information System）。该系统能根据重要程度将对接收的各种信息进行归类，在需要驾驶员集中精力的情况下，能自动将电话、短信等不重要的信息接收推迟，其思路是在制动和超车等关键时刻防止驾驶员受到过多信息的干扰。安全并不仅仅意味着防止事故的发生，然而，如果车子的安全等级高，驾驶员就更有安全感。任何可提升驾驶员安全感的措施都值得采用。“我们对此很重视，”负责沃尔沃市场情报的Karin Backlund说，“我们努力按照顾客的喜好对车辆进行改进，安全，包括人身安全，是沃尔沃公司的核心价值”沃尔沃公司在9个国家发起了一项民意测验，目的是对车主最担心的安全问题进行调查。各国得出的结论不一样，瑞典人最担心车辆在无人看护的情况下过夜，英国人对车上物品遭窃的担心超过了车辆本身被盗，而大约一半的巴西车主则称对盗窃并不关心，他们只关心自己的人身安全。 对“你最希望自己的车所具备的安全功能”的回答显示出这种差异的原因。在巴西，汽车报警器没有列入“5个最想拥有的安全功能”，而瑞典人则把它列排在第一条。巴西人和意大利人都希望拥有防撞夹层挡风玻璃，而瑞典人则偏爱可锁上的轮胎盖。有一项功能出现在所有国家的车主的“最想拥有”列表上，那就是：呼救系统。看来所有国家的人都认为呼叫警察和救护车的功能是很重要的。所有参与调查的人还一致希望能有帮助找回被偷车辆的技术。然而，这种技术的开发成本很高，除了对车进行改装以外，还需要许多其它的基础设施，以确保能对车辆进行跟踪，而且应急服务部门还必须知道如何对呼叫做出反应。沃尔沃公司目前已经在7个欧洲国家提供“呼叫”服务，并计划将服务范围扩展到其他国家。与此同时，该公司了在开发能使驾驶员在更远距离控制车辆的技术。该公司的S80型轿车将人车沟通系统（PCC）作为选装件提供，但将来也可能作为标准配置，在所有车上都安装。该系统的基本配置是一个可装在口袋中的遥控系统，可在你扳动车门把手时自动为车辆解锁。按下PCC的按钮可以重新上锁。 “驾驶员经常会担心车门是否锁好”S80车的项目经理Silvia Gullsdorf说，“往往走出几米后，你还要把车锁开关几次才能放心”有了PCC你只需检查钥匙就能知道车是否已经锁好，你甚至都不必离车很近，钥匙会显示你最后一次操作是锁车还是开锁，你还可以不用钥匙启动车辆。但无钥匙进车系统并不是最近才出现的。PCC系统的不同之处在于，你可以在60到100米外通过按下信息键来了解车子的安全状态。不同的LED灯告诉你车是否上锁，是否有人动过车子以及是否已经发出警报等。水平仪可测出是否有人为了偷车轮将车子抬起。红灯闪烁表明心跳传感器被激活，说明车内有人。5TTANSMISSIONAlthough modern automobile transmission used on automotive vehicles vary in details, they all in a similar manner. They have a torque converter and planetary-gear sets which are controlled by brakes and clutches to provide two or three forward gear ratios. The transmission provides different gear ratios between the engine, since the engine produces little power at low speed . Thus, for accelerating the car from a standing start, considerable power is required; the engine should be running at a fairly high speed. The driver, therefore, shifts the transmission gears into first; this gear position permits the engine to run at a fairly high speed. A typical first-gear ratio would be that the engine develops high power, and the car moves away from the curb and accelerates quickly. Next, the driver shifts to second (momentarily declutching to permit moment of the gears in the transmission . In second, the car accelerates to a higher speed. In second, a typical ratio would be 8:1. Finally, the driver shifts to third. In this gear position, there is a direct drive through the transmission; the propeller shaft turns at the same speed as the engine crankshaft. In third, a typical ratio would be 1:1.there is another gear position, reverse. In this position, the propeller shaft is made to rotate in a reverse direction so that the car goes backward.FOUR-WHEEL-DRIVE In the USA, while more consumes are moving away from sport utility vehicles and opting for cars and crossovers, they still are not willing to part with all-wheel-drive systems. For them, its a safety system. In a recent survey of current SUV owners, 73 percent said they want all-wheel-drive on their next vehicle. In the luxury market, 50 percent of owners say they want all-wheel-drive on their cars or trucks. A recent report from industry research firm JD Power forecasts that four-wheel-drive vehicles will make up 37 percent of all vehicles produced for the US by 2008.The growth is expected to come from increased sales of AWD systems based on front-wheel -drive vehicles. Their market share is expected to more than double to 32 percent from the current 13 percent in the next two years. Seeing its SUV sales slipping away, carmaker Ford wants to be in a position to exploit this trend. The carmaker has introduced AWD versions of the Ford Fusion , the Mercury Milan and the Lincoln MKZ midsize sedans and the Ford Edge and Lincoln MKZ crossovers. Ford now has 36 vehicles that offer either four-wheel drive or AWD. Unlike four-wheel-drive, which the drive must manually activate, an AWD system is either permanently on or it continuously monitors the vehicles condition and takes action independently. To wheel is seamless. The system monitors the vehicles condition 100 times a second, analyzing whats happening with the wheels on the road, the drives inputs such as turns of the steering wheel and the pressure on the accelerator. It then varies the torque sent to the wheels. A major advantage of all-wheel-drive is the flexibility to shift torque or apply raking to any wheel, says marketing manager Robert Parker. In the past we could either shift torque from back to front or from front to rear. With advances in AWD technology, we can shift torque to the exact wheel or wheels with the best tractionIn the AWD technology for he 2007 models, a vehicle like the Fusion or MXZ is typically front-wheel-drive. Torque goes to the front wheels in effect pulling the vehicle along. Because the engine rests over the front of the vehicle, the weight provides greater traction to the wheels both pulling and steering the car.If, however, the system senses a loss of traction it shifts torque to any or all of the wheels. The most obvious benefit occurs on slippery road conditions, but the AWD system improves traction in a number of less obvious situations.A common problem with front-wheel-drive vehicles is their under steer, typically seen in cornering. If a front-wheel-drive vehicle accelerates into a turn, too much weight can be shifted to the rear, causing loss of traction in the front wheels. The front of the vehicle can go towards the outside of the turn when the driver is aiming to turn the car sharply. AWD automatically compensates either by adjusting the torque to the wheels, altering engine speed or both.Starting in 2007, Ford expects to sell around 500000 AWD-equipped vehicles annually, of which 400000 will be cars and crossovers. It sounds like a tall order, but Ford says the numbers should be easy to reach, as it is making the technology more affordable.It plans to sell AWD models for between USD 3100and 5400 less than competitors, in some cases undercutting the prices for their front-wheel-drive models. Competition in the US industry is about to reach a new level of intensity. SAFETY AND SECURITYAlmost everybody worries about car safety issues. But for an international carmaker it is important to recognise that the reasons for this concern differ from country to country. Swedish carmaker Volvo has established a strong reputation for vehicle safety. But with so many vehicles now offering the highest levels of crash protection, the carmaker is looking at other factors that will make buyers feel safe and secure in their car. The carmaker is looking at a range of preventive vehicle safety and security measures including active safety and Mayday systems. In the past carmakers have focused on passive safety, meaning systems and functions that help protect people in the event of an accident. Manufacturers are now broadening their outlook. We are focusing on technologies that predict and prevent accidents from even occurring, says lngrid Skogsmo, Volvos safety director. Safety has three main perspectives: the car, the traffic situation and the human being. The person behind the wheel is still the most important factor, but the electronics are becoming more important than the materials and construction. The driver must stay alert, be able to make quick decisions in stressful situations and not give in to fatigue. But this is often easier said than done. Research shows us that often when a car ploughs straight into the rear of another car, the driver never even hits the brakes, says Skogsmo. This is probably because the driver never saw what was going to happen, and so had no chance to prevent the accident. Our electronic safety systems are developed to prevent the accident. Our electronic safety systems are developed to help increase the time the driver has to manoeuvre the car out of danger. Busy streets, multiple choices and mobile phones all compete with the drivers attention. To help the driver decide which information is more important, vehicles can be equipped with advanced technology that reads traffic quicker than the human eye. The active safety systems warn about threats, and can even step in and act in critical situations if there is not enough time for the driver to avoid them. The system doesnt take over the driving, it just helps the driver to increase safety and make the driving experience more enjoyable, says Skogsmo. Several developed active safety systems are already in use at Volvo. The firm introduced an Intelligent Driver Information System in 2003. The system sorts incoming information according to relevance and delays phone calls, text message and other non-critical information in situations that demand the drivers full attention. The idea is to prevent the driver from suffering information overload during braking or overtaking. Safety is not just a matter of avoiding accidents, however. Having a vehicle with a good safety rating makes drivers feel secure. Anything that can contribute to this is a worthwhile addition. We treat this seriously, says Karin Backlund, responsible for Volvos market intelligence. We try to adapt our customers preferences. Safety is a Volvo core value and that has to include personal security. Volvo carried out a survey in nine countries to find out the situations that concern car owners the most. Differences between countries emerged. Swedes are particularly worried about leaving their cars unattended overnight, while the British about leaving their cars unattended overnight, while the British are more concerned about break-ins and the theft of property rather than theft of the vehicle itself. About half of Brazilians, on the other hand, report that they are not concerned about this aspect, focusing exclusively on personal security. The reasons for anxiety are reflected in the security enhancing features that the respondents would like to have in their cars. In Brazil, a car alarm was mot among the five most wanted security features in the survey, whereas this was top of the list in Sweden. Brazilians and ltalians wanted impact-resistant laminated windscreens, while Swedes preferred lockable wheel trim. One thing appeared on all wish lists: a Mayday system.People of all countries considered it important to be able to call the police or an ambulance .All of the respondents also agreed that they want to see technologies that assist the recovery of a stolen car. Such systems are costly to develop, however. They require an extensive infrastructure beyond the car to ensure that the vehicle can be tracked and that the emergency services know how to respond to the call. So far, Volvo has launched its on call service in seven European countries and plans to add more. In the meantime, the firm is exploring technologies that give drivers more remote control of their vehicle. The Personal Car Communicator is being offered as an optional in all cars.Its basically a pocket-sized remote control. The device is used to unlock the car door automatically when you pull the door handle. Pressing a button on the PPC can also lock it. Wondering if the car is locked is a frequent worry among drivers, says S80 project manager Solvia Gullsdorf. You walk a few metres and then have to check by unlocking and relocking the car With the PCC, you simply check the key to see if the car is locked. And you do not even have to be near the car; the key just indicates whether your last action was to lock or unlock. It also allows you to start the car without a key. But keyless entry systems are hardly new. What makes the PCC different is that at a range of 60 to 100m, you can obtain a security status report by pressing the information button. Different LEDs tell you if the car is locked or unlocked, others whether somebody has interfered with the vehicle and caused the alarm to go off. A level meter detects if the car is raised in an attempt to steal the wheels. A flashing red light means that the heartbeat sensor has been activated and that there is an intruder in the car. We know that motorists in many countries are fearful of assault, whether going to and from the car in dark and unsupervised parking places , or by somebody who has hidden in the car, says Gullsdorf. However, the darkness can be eliminated. Just one press on the remote control can switch on the car in a dark parking area. When leaving the car, the headlights can also be switched on for up to 90 seconds by operating the headlamp flasher, allowing you time to get to your front door. The car alarm is activated if somebody.5汽车总体设计相关参数的设计计算 初选参数几何参数外廓尺寸货箱尺寸长3860长1400宽 1400宽1375高1815高430轴 距2500前悬480 前轮距1280后悬880后轮距1290车头长 2460质量参数整备质量880载人数4 质量260载质量500最大装载质量 760总质量1640性能参数最小转弯半径= 9.5最高车速95最大爬坡度30% 爬坡角度16.69924452轮胎参数型号155R12LT 负荷指数77%许用轮辋4.00b/5.00b外直径553负荷静半径249最大断面宽度163负荷能力412发动机参数型号(汽油机) JL465Q1最大转矩72最大功率32.5最高转速 5500Tmax对应转速 4500排量0.97校核Pmax22.5182934Tmax52.56220038传动效率t89.37600%计算参数 主减速比i06.14192526修正后i05.571 变速器参数ig41档位数4ig13.61355399档位分配比q1.534539891ig22.35481268ig31.534539891修正后ig13.504修正后ig22.483修正后ig31.56修正后ig41发动机与动力性转速转矩M n/m 功率p kw 油耗g/kwh2500406 143.382353280046914231005312140.534005916139.23700651913840006922.5137.543007125137.246007227 137.00980449006728137.652005929141.555004829 149.117647各档车速转速1档2档3档4档250012.9395418 18.26023 29.064201545.34015437280014.4922868 20.45146 32.551905750.7809729310016.0450318 22.64269 36.039609956.22179142340017.5977768 24.83391 39.527314161.66260994370019.1505218 27.02514 43.015018267.10342847400020.7032668 29.21637 46.502722472.54424699430022.256011831.4076 49.990426677.98506552460023.8087569 33.59883 53.478130883.42588404490025.3615019 35.7900556.96583588.86670257520026.9142469 37.98128 60.453539294.30752109550028.4669919 40.17251 63.941243399.74833962各档驱动力Ft转速1档2档3档4档25002604.01431 1845.253 1159.32144743.154770128002994.61646 2122.041 1333.21966854.627985731003450.31897 2444.961 1536.10091984.680070434003840.92111 2721.749 1709.999131096.15328637004231.52326 2998.537 1883.897341207.62650140004491.92469 3183.062 1999.829491281.94197943004622.12541 3275.325 2057.795561319.09971746004687.22577 3321.456 2086.778591337.67858649004361.72398 3090.799 1941.863411244.7842452003840.92111 2721.749 1709.999131096.15328655003124.81718 2214.304 1391.18573891.7857242各档车速 25002800310034003700400043004600490052005500020406080100120发动机转速 n 转/min车速 Ua m/s1档2档3档4档驱动力-阻力平衡图1201008060402000500100015002000250030003500400045005000车速Ua km/hFt N1档2档3档4档1档阻力2档阻力3档阻力4档阻力外特性25002800310034003700400043004600490052005500020406080100120140160转速转矩T功率p比油耗附着条件计算附着力F23625.84Ftmax4687.22577空气阻力Fw转速1档2档3档4档25009.9277173719.7708 50.0873901121.8926727280012.4533287 24.80049 62.8296222152.9021686310015.2648582 30.39958 77.0143711187.4221735340018.362306 36.56806 92.6416368225.4526873370021.7456721 43.30595 109.711419266.9937102400025.4149565 50.61324 128.223719312.045242430029.3701591 58.48992 148.178535360.6072828460033.6112799 66.93601 169.575868412.6798325490038.138319 75.95149 192.415718468.2628913520042.9512764 85.53637 216.698085527.356459550048.050152 95.69065 242.422968589.9605357滚动阻力Ff1档2档3档转速滚阻系数f 滚动阻力Ff滚阻系数f滚动阻力Ff滚阻系数f25000.01279395 205.6244 0.01332602214.1758438 0.0144064228000.01294923208.12 0.01354515217.697585 0.0147551931000.0131045 210.6156 0.01376427221.2193263 0.0151039634000.01325978 213.1111 0.01398339224.7410675 0.0154527337000.01341505 215.6067 0.01420251228.26280880.015801540000.01357033 218.1023 0.01442164231.78455 0.0161502743000.0137256 220.5979 0.01464076235.3062913 0.0164990446000.01388088 223.0934 0.01485988238.8280326 0.0168478149000.01403615225.589 0.01507901242.3497738 0.0171965852000.01419142 228.0846 0.01529813245.8715151 0.0175453555000.0143467 230.5801 0.01551725249.3932563 0.01789412动力因数的计算转速1档2档3档4档25000.16140409 0.113582 0.069016550.03865493428000.185550220.13049 0.079043680.043661387 空气阻力Fw11010090807060504030201000100200300400500600700车速 Ua km/hFw1档2档3档4档因数 D0110100908070605040302010000.050.10.150.20.250.30.35车速 UaD01档2档3档4档驱动力-阻力平衡图1201008060402000500100015002000250030003500400045005000车速Ua km/hFt N1档2档3档4档1档阻力2档阻力3档阻力4档阻力31000.2137291 0.150234 0.090784380.04960539434000.23783965 0.1670720.1006320.05417537000.2619324 0.183874 0.110389870.05852618240000.27790628 0.194901 0.116451330.060346985 43000.28576128 0.200151 0.118816390.05963740946000.28954794 0.202496 0.119288370.05755343249000.26901354 0.187584 0.108850650.04831516652000.23630972 0.164025 0.092913210.03539054455000.191436470.13182 0.071476030.018779566D0max0.28954794 0.202496 0.119288370.060346985最大爬坡度a 1档1档2档3档4档D0max0.28954794 0.202496 0.119288370.060346985f0.013880880.01486 0.016499040.018754425max ( )16.03396 10.83032 5.904857932.384697204加速度计算回转质量换算系数档位1档2档3档4档1.52112064 1.2766121.1273441.03 加速度转速1档2档3档4档 25000.95743844 0.769619 0.474725820.21522815628001.11200234 0.897738 0.558859760.25768567231001.292547751.04762 0.657889780.309063634001.44688242 1.175195 0.740463270.347364737001.60110249 1.302499 0.822256530.38358759240001.70301571 1.385463 0.871916970.39573503643001.75262208 1.424086 0.889444580.38380703146001.77601773 1.440404 0.890515660.35880219849001.64272207 1.324246 0.796748710.26572743652001.43102345 1.141714 0.655172640.13757860555001.14092187 0.892807 0.46578744-0.025644295转速1档 1/j2档 1/j1档 2/j1档 2/j25001.04445358 1.299345 2.106479054.64623224928000.89927868 1.113911 1.789357663.88069694231000.77366581 0.954545 1.520011453.23557998634000.69114116 0.850922 1.350505882.87881871437000.62456964 0.767755 1.216165472.606966492加速度曲线1101009080706050403020100-0.500.511.52车速 Ua km/h加速度 a1档2档3档4档1009080706050403020100012345678ua1/a1档2档3档4档 因数 D0110100908070605040302010000.050.10.150.20.250.30.35车速 UaD01档2档3档4档40000.58719364 0.7217811.14689822.52694330643000.57057366 0.702205 1.124297152.60547597946000.563057440.69425 1.122944882.78705093149000.6087457 0.755147 1.255100873.7632546252000.69880057 0.875876 1.526315267.26857204355000.87648421 1.120062 2.14690201-38.99502812加速时间 图解法T47.2加速阻力 转速1档 Fj N2档 Fj N 1档 Fj N1档 Fj N25002404.16416 2020.236 1785.856451695.81496128002792.27997 2346.373 2074.155871969.57854731003245.63632 2727.331 2410.917142289.36057134003633.17653 3052.984 2698.788992562.71815137004020.42895 3378.395 2986.447072835.87272940004276.3369 3593.436 3176.540113016.38142443004400.90039 3698.108 3269.068113104.24423546004459.64774 3747.4743312.70673145.68260449004124.93729 3466.214 3064.077752909.5893352003593.35404 3019.521 2669.208132534.62873355002864.89799 2407.394 2128.097852020.800813最高车速转速Fw+Ff 1档 Fw+Ff 2档Fw+Ff 3档Fw+Ff 4档Ft2500215.552149 233.9466 281.627375379.5913688