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1、非谓语动词的用法概述:非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓 语。但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。都不受主语人称和数的 限制(即无人称和数的变化),但有时态和语态的变化。如:He let me did it. (x) -He let me do it. (V)Lily helps me does it. (x) -Lily helps me do_it. (V) She wan ted to be puni shed by her father.掌握非谓语动词的关键在于:弄清三大非谓语动词各种不同的结构形式、每种结构

2、所表达的时间 概念及其主被动关系;弄清楚三大非谓语动词各自所作的句子成分;不同的非谓语动词作同一句子成分时 的区别;三大非谓语动词的其他特殊用法。一、三大非谓语动词的结构形式及每种结构所表达的时间概念及其主被动关系(一) 不定式称 名般dnz(之匚 态卅 /M 作的 动 生 语发 谓时 在同 生或 发后2込 o m t N 炖aw w s2之匚 态卅 /M 作附 动 生 语发 谓时 在同 生或 发后进行式-一ngbed作动 作 语动 谓的 与生s s e ne 亦 H 完成式-h e ) n o) d之 态作动 作 语动 谓动 在主 生 的 发前之 态作动 作 语动 谓动 在被 生 的 发前u

3、r也 yo血 isKhe V tn w A m A b e e e V b A h e h p ad 测y-eday , o H te 1fe2ye完成进行式5一之亦动的 作 着 动行 语加 谓在 在直(二)动名词名称语态结构形式时间概念及主被动关系举例般 式主动(not) doing与谓语动作/状态同时发生的主动动作或无明显的时间性(可表经常)1. Mike is fond of playing football.2. Would you mind my opening the window ?被动(not) being done与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作或无明显的时间性(可表经常)

4、1. He told his past without being asked2. Being scolded isn a good thing.完成式主动(not) havi ng done发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作They were praised for havi ng fini shed the work ahead of time.被动(not) havi ng bee n done发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作I remembered having been taken toBeiji ng three times.(三)分词名称语态结构形式时间概念及主被动关系举例现

5、在 分 词般主动(not) doing与谓语动作/状态同时发生的主动动作Singing a song, he was watchingTV.被动(not) being done与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作Being puni shed, he is crying.完成式主动(not) havi ng done发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作Having finished the course,we had an exam.被动(not)hav ing bee ndone发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作Having been warned several times - they be

6、came more careful in doing the job.过去 分 词(not)done1. 可以只表一个被动的动作;2. 可以只表一个完成的动作(即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作);1. Seen from the hill, the town looks nice.(只表被动)2. The fallen leaves are yellow.(只表完成)3. The returned books looks new.3.可以同时既表被动又表(既表被动又表完成)完成的动作(即发生在谓语动作/状态之前的动作);二、三大非谓语动词各自所充当的句子成分非谓语动词具有各自不同的词类特征,因

7、此充当的句子成分也各不相同。不定式具有名词、动词、形 容词和副词的特性,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;动名词具有名词和动词 的特性,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语;分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性,在句中可以作表 语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。 (见下面的图表)。不定式:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补动名词:主语、宾语、表分 词:表语、定语、状语、宾补附:三大非谓语动词的区别一览表非谓语动词种类特征形式所作成分结构否定不定式vnadjadv6种主宾表疋状补复合结构for/of sb. to donot to do动名词vn4种主宾表疋-复合结构ns/on es d

8、oingnot doing现在分词v-adjadv4种表疋状补独立主格结构n/pron doingnot doing过去分词v-adjadv1种表疋状补独立主格结构n/pro n donenot done注意:当由现在分词和过去分词变化而来的形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人或事物时,可以作主语或宾语。如:the dying , the wounded 等。三、不同的非谓语动词作同一句子成分时的区别(一)、作主语(不定式和动名词作主语的区别):1. 所表动作的具体含义不同:不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作;动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。女口: To swim today is a

9、good ideaEati ng too much is bad for your health.2. it作形式主语的情况不同:不定式作主语时,常可以用it作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语后置。但动名词作后置主语的情况比较少见,一般限于名词 fun, good, luck, joy, use, pleasure或形容词 foolish , wonderful , good, nice, interesting,useless worth等作表语时,才用it作形式主语,将真正的动名词主语后置。如:In a shop, itis important to please customers.It

10、is no use telling him the truth.常用动名词作主语的句型有:厂a waste of time (浪费)、no good/use (没有用处)It is/was + -useless/senseless 没有用处).doing hardly any good/use (几乎没用)worthwhile (有价值、值得) 丄no sense in (没道理)There is/was + - no point/possibility in (没意义)doing no good/use in (没用处)nothing worse than (没有比 更糟糕的)注意: The

11、re is no n eed for sb to do sth.3. 主谓一致不同:一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。女口: To see is to believe. Laying eggsis her full-time job.Plan ti ng flowers n eeds con sta nt wateri ng.但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数)。女口: Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。Weeping and wailing does noth

12、ingtowards solving the problem.哭泣无济于解决问题。(weeping 与 wailing 均表示 哭”)4. 注意主语和表语的一致性:当主语为不定式时,表语也用不定式;当主语为动名词时,表语也用动名词。女口: Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.附:动名词短语作主语与现在分词作定语修饰主语时的区别:动名词短语作主语时,动名词用来说明被修饰词的性质、特征和用途,与被修饰词之间无逻辑关系;而现在分词修饰主语时,现在分词和被修饰词(即主语)之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词修饰主语时,谓语动词的数应与分词后面的名词保持一致。女

13、口: The swimming pool is very large.Visiting foreigners were being given the glad hand. 来访的外国人都受到热烈的欢迎。(visiting为现在分词作定语)(二)、作宾语(不定式和动名词作宾语的区别):不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作;动名词作宾语通常表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。如:Tom likes play ing football, but he likes to play basketball today.1. 作动词宾语的情况不同:(1)有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语。注意下面的口诀:决心学会

14、想希望decide/determi ne, learn, want, expect/hope/wish设法拒绝愿假装man age, refuse, care, prete nd主动答应选计划offer, promise, choose, pla n冋意请求帮一帮agree, ask/beg, help等待发生付得起wait, happe n, afford失败威胁记心上fail, threate n女口: I plan to go to Shanghai next week. He decided to help me.(2)有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语。注意下面的口诀:避免错过 (少)

15、延期 avoid, miss, delay / postp one建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise, finish, practise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate, imag ine, resist/ca nt help承认否定 (与)嫉妒 admit, deny, envy逃脱冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse保持忍受 (不) 介意 keep / keep on, stand, mind如: Would you mind give n me a cup of tea ? He missed c

16、atchi ng the early bus. I have fini shed readi ng the book. Will you admit hav ing broke n the window ? She suggested havi ng lunch at the new restaura nt.有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语:lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to , be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to, object to, get

17、 to/be used to (习惯于),prefer to ,cant sta nd (忍不住),give up , in sist on , keep (on), put off, be worth , be/keep busy, have difficulty/trouble/problem (in), feel/look/seem like , set about, depend on, preventsb. from , succeed in, thank you for, apologize for 等。 如: I feel like drinking a glass of mil

18、k.(3)有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语, 又可以接动名词作宾语, 如: continue ,begin ,start,prefer ,like, love, hate, fear, dread (害怕),propose (打算),cant bear, endure (忍耐),omit (忽略),n eglect (忽视),disdain (轻视),scorn (蔑视),protect (保护),forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try , be used to, can t help 。具体分为下面几种情况: 、 continue,

19、begin ,start 等后面接不定式与接动名词作宾语,意义上没有多大区别。如: The teacher said,“You begin writing now ,” and the children began to write.注意begin和start本身为进行式时;或其前面的主语是物而不是人时;或其后面的非谓语动词表示心 理状态或精神活动时; begin 和 start 后面要接不定式作宾语(不接不定式) 。如: She is beginning to cook supper. It began to rain. I began to understand my past mista

20、kes. 、 prefer, like , love ,hate 等后面接不定式与接动名词作宾语,意义上没有多大区别,但接不定式 表示具体的、一次性的动作;接动名词则表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。如: He likes swimming , but he doesn t like to swim today , because it is too cold. 、 forget, go on , mean,regret, remember,stop, try , be used to , can t help 等动词或短语后接动 名词与接不定式意义上差别很大。区别如下:a、remember/for

21、get/regret to do sth 记起/忘记 /遗憾要去做某事remember/forget/regret doing sth 记起 /忘记 /遗憾曾经做过某事如: I have forgotten to bring my umbrella. I shall never forget hearing her singing that song.b、go on to do sth 表示“(做完一件事之后)接着做(另一件事) ”;”。Then he went on to show us how to use it.Missing the train means waiting for an

22、 hour.go on doing sth 表示“继续作某事(原事) 如: You ought not to go on living this way.c、mean to do sth 表示“打算做某事” ;mean doing sth 表示“意味着某种情况” 。 如: What do you mean to do with it ?d、stop to do sth 表示“停下做某事” (指停下来做另一件事) ;stop doing sth 表示“停止做某事” (指停止做原事) 。如: They asked him to stop talking , but he still went on

23、. He stopped to shake hands with us.e、try to do sth表示试图做某事”(to do sth.往往表示某种目的);try doing sth 表示“试着做某事” (doing sth 往往表示某种方法或方式)。如: He has been trying to get you on the phone. 他一直在设法打电话找你。Let s try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后边的门试试。f、 be used to do sth表示被用来做某事”;be used to doing sth表示习惯于做某事”。女口: Wo

24、od is used to make paper. He is used to getting up early.g、cant help to do sth表示不能帮助做某事;cant help doing sth表示忍不住做某事”。女口: We cant help to answer this question. We cant help laughing.(4)allow,advise, forbid, permit等动词的后面可以接动名词作宾语,但有名词或代词作宾语补足语时,则接不定式作宾语补足语。故这类动词用于被动结构时,应接不定式作主语补足语。即注意下面三种结构:advise/all

25、ow/permit/forbid doing sth, advise/allow/permit/forbid sb to sth-sb beadvised/allowed/permitted/forbidde n to do sth.女口: The doctor advise (us) not smoking.The doctor advised us to take a weeks rest. We wereadvised to take a weeks rest.(5) need, require, want表示主语需要(被作某种处置)”,后接动名词的主动式或不定式的被动 式作宾语均可(表

26、示被动含义),注意句式的互换。女口: The TV set needs mending again. =The TV set needs to be mended again.(6)be worth doing.结构表示被动含义,相当于 be worthy to be done 和 be worthy of being done 结构。女口: This book is worth reading.=This book is worthy of being read.=This book is worthy to be read.2. 作介词宾语的情况不同:不定式一般不作介词的宾语(但but/o

27、ther than,except, besides除外);动名词则常常作介词的宾语。如如: I have no choice but to accept the fact. What do you like to do besides swim ? She went out of the room without saying any thi ng.Mary is good at dancing.3. it作形式宾语的情况不同:有少数动词,如 find,think,consider,make,feel等接不定式作宾语且其后面有宾语补足语时,常用 it作形式宾语,而将真正的不定式宾语后置。动名词

28、作宾语带有宾语补足语时,也要用it作形式宾语,而将真正的动名词宾语后置,此种情况比较少见。如:I think it better to start off right now. We found it no use doing like that.附:在动词hope, want, plan, expect, intend, mean, promise, wish的过去式之后用不定式的完成式作宾语,表示本来希望或打算做而未做的事,常可以与had +这些动词ed + to do结构互换。如口: I hoped to have met you at the airport, but I was to

29、o busy. = I had hoped to meet you at the airport, but I wastoo busy.(三八 作表语(不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别):1作表语时各自所表示动作的具体含义不同:不定式作表语表示具体的、一次性的动作;动名词作表语相当于名词,说明主语的性质和具体内容,表示经常性、习惯性的动作或抽象性的概念,主语表语常常可以互换;分词作表语相当于形容词,说明主 语的性质、特征或状态,其逻辑主语是句子的主语(一般情况下,当主语是人时,用过去分词作表语;当 主语是物时,用现在分词作表语)。女口: My job today is to water all

30、 the flowers in the garden.My job is teaching English. = Teaching Englishis my job.Chinese is interesting, so Lucy is interested in Chinese注意:当人作主语时,常用过去分词作主语,但也可以用现在分词作表语,此时他们的意义有所不同。如:He is frightened.(他感到害怕。)He is frightening.(他让人/令人感到害怕。)2. 注意主语和表语的一致性:当主语为动名词时,表语也用动名词;当主语为不定式时,表语也用不定式。女口: Seein

31、g is believing. To see is to believe.附:1. 如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词中含有do,那么作表语的不定式可以省去to。女口: The only thing he could do was ( to)tell the truth.2. 分词作表语要注意和进行时态、系表结构区别开来:现在分词作表语表示状态或特征,可以用 very修饰;而进行时态表示正在进行的动作,不能用 very 修饰。过去分词作表语时也要注意和被动语态区别开来:过去分词作表语时相当于形容词,表示主语的性 质、状态或特征;而被动语态则表示被动的动作。女口: His speech is v

32、ery encouraging.Her praise is encouraging us to work harder. The novel is wellwritte n.The novel was writte n by Lu Xun.(四)、作定语(不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别):1. 所表动作的时间含义不同:不定式作定语多表示未来的动作。动名词作定语,常常用来说明被修饰的词的性质、特征和用途,不强调时间性(因为动名词只能用一般主动式作定语)。现在分词的一般主动式作定语,表示一个主动的、 正在进行的动作;现在分词的一般被动式作定语,表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作;现在分词的完成式 不

33、能作定语;过去分词作定语,表示一种被动的、完成的或被动完成的动作,或没有一定时间性的动作。如:I havent a pen to write with. a swimming pool, a sleeping car,drinking waterThe falling leaves are yellow. The fallen leaves are everywhere.注意:现在分词的被动式和及物动词的过去分词都可以表示被动,但前者表示一个正在进行的被动动作,而后者多表示一个已经完成了的被动动作。女口: The problem being discussed now has somethin

34、g important to do with our everyday life. The problem discussed yesterday has something important to do with our everyday life2. 所用形式不同:不定式可以用各种形式作定语,动名词只能用一般主动式作定语(被动式和完成式不能作定语),分词只能用现在分词的一般式和过去分词作定语(现在分词的完成式一般不能作定语,但可以作后置定语)。3. 位置不同:不定式作定语常常放在它所修饰的词之后;动名词作定语常常放在它所修饰的词之前(因为动名词只 能用一般主动式作定语);单个的分词作定语

35、一般放在它所修饰的词之前(如果强调动感,则要放在后面),分词短语作定语常常放在它所修饰的词后面。女口: There is nothing to worry about.a swimming pool, a sleeping car,drinking water (动名词作定语) boiling water , boiled waterI don t know the doctor sitting on the chair. Look ! The girlsinging is Alice and the one dancing is Mary.(强调动感)4. 所指不同:不定式和分词作定语,用来

36、说明被修饰词的动作,与被修饰词之间有逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系);动名词作定语,用来说明被修饰词的性质、特征和用途,与被修饰词之间无逻辑关系。女口: the way to do the work, the sleeping car/the swimming pool,falling/fallen leaves附:1. 常用不定式作定语的情况: 当名词被the first,the last等序数词、形容词最高级或no, all, any等修饰时,常用不定式的一般式作定语,而不管动作是否已经完成。如: He is the only person to know the truth. She is a

37、lways the first to come and the last to leave.He has no right to do it.(2)不定式常用来修饰表示抽象意义的词,常见的有right (权利),ability , chanee, answer, belief, reason,reply, attempt, key, way, moment,time, idea, fact, excuse, promise, 等。女口: Could you at least make an attempt to smile,Jim ?(吉姆,你起码试着笑一笑,行吗?) Do you1 / 36

38、1 / 371have the ability to read and write in English ?2. 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常常构成的几种关系。(1)逻辑主谓关系:不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成主谓关系。如:He is the first person to come and the last one toleave.注意:此时不定式常常用主动形式。(2)逻辑动宾关系:不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系。如:He has nothing to do.注意:A、此时要求不定式为及物动词(如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不

39、定式后面必须有相应的介词,即“不及物动词+介词”);并且不定式常常也用主动形式。女口: He has nothing to do. There is nothing to worry about. The boy cried as he had no children to play games with. There is no room to live in. I have nt a pen to write with.B不定式修饰名词 time, place,way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。女口: He had no money and no place to live.(不是

40、no place to live in )C、这种“动词不定式+介词”修饰名词/代词,可以转换成“介词 +关系代词(which,whom) +不定式”。如:Jim had only ten yuan to buy a present with.=Jim had only ten yuan with which to buy a present(3)同位关系:不定式与被修饰的名词或代词构成同位关系。女口: His wish to become an artist has never come true3. 分词作定语时与被修饰词之间的位置详解:单个的分词作定语时,一般放在它所修饰的词的前面(如果

41、强调动感,单个的分词也要放在后面;同时,如果被修饰的词是 every/some/any/nothing/nobody/no one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时,即使单个分词作定语,也要放在被修饰的词后面),分词短语作定语时,一般放在它所修饰的词的后面。女口: boiling water, boiled water He is the only one of those invited.I dont know the doctor sitting on the chair. Look ! The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is

42、Mary. (强调动感)4. 分词作定语时与被修饰词之间的时间关系及主被动关系):现在分词作定语(指现在分词的一般式),多表示“说话时正在进行”或“与谓语动词同时进行”或“经常性的”动作,且被修饰的词是现在分词动作逻辑上的执行者;而过去分词作定语,多表示分词动作“先于谓语动作”或“没有一定的时间性”,且被修饰的词是过去分词动作逻辑上的承受者。The man selling vegetables has女口: Do you know the boy lyigunder the big tree ?(表同时或正在进行)gone.(表经常) The book borrowed from the li

43、brary returned yesterday.(先于谓语动词所表示的动作)Heis a teacher respected by all.(没有一定的时间性)5. 分词作定语时有两种词性情况:一种是具有动词的性质,此时分词和它所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;另一种是分词已经转化成了形容词,不再具有动词特性,此时可以用very修饰,甚至有比较级的变化。女口: falli ng/falle n leaves develop in g/developed coun triesa( more) promis ing young man (个有前途的青年,promising已经转化成了形

44、容词)6. 现在分词的完成式(主动式和被动式)不能作定语(但非限制性后置定语则可以用分词的完成式),若要表达此含义,应分别用定语从句和过去分词代替。女口: The teacher criticized the student having broken the window. ( x) -The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. (V)At last we found the house having been built several years ago. (x)一At last we found the h

45、ouse built several years ago. (V)The old man, having worked for 20 years, is on the way to his motherla nd. (V)分词完成式作非限制性后置定语(五)、作状语(不定式和分词作状语的区别):1. 作状语的种类不同:不定式多作目的、结果、程度和原因状语;分词多作时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随和结果状语。注意:某些表示喜怒哀乐的形容词在句中作表语时,其后面常常用不定式作原因状语,其余时间多用分词 作原因状语。不定式作结果状语时,表示出乎意料之外的结果;而分词作结果状语时,表示意料之中的结 果。在带

46、有enough或too得句子里,常用不定式作程度状语。女口: She swept to hear the bad news.I,m very glad to hear the good news.Having been late forclass, he says sorry to his teacher.(作原因状语)He tried his best to arrive there only to find some wastepaper. He died , leavi ng his wife alone.(作结果状语)He is old eno ugh to go to school.

47、 She is too tiredto do the job.2. 不定式作状语(多作目的、结果、程度和原因状语):(1)作目的状语(可以放在句首或句中,在句中作目的状语时一般不用逗号隔开):He stopped to have a rest.=To have a rest, he stopped.注意:in order to和so as to后面都可以接不定式作目的状语,但in order to可以放在句首或句中,而so as to 贝U只能放在句中。女口: In order to catch the first bus , he got up early.=He got up early

48、in order to/so as to 11 / 3611 / 3611catch the first bus.(2)作结果/程度状语:作结果状语时为意料之外的结果。不定式作结果 / 程度状语常见的五种搭配:so.as to do., such.as to do., eno ugh (.) to do., too.to do.(程度状语);only to do.(结果状语)。如: Tom was so foolish as to tell lies to the police. It is such a good book for me as to read it three times.

49、He is old eno ugh to go to school.She is too young to go to school. He broke into the room, only to findan empty box.(结果状语,意料之外)(3)作原因状语:不定式作原因状语与作目的状语的区别在于:前者表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作,而后者 后于谓语动词所表示的动作;同时不定式作目的状语时,可以在不定式前面加上in order或so as,而不定式作原因状语时则不能,并且当句中表语为喜怒哀乐的形容词时,其后面才用不定式作原因状语。女口: She swept to obtain

50、 sympathy.(作目的状语)She swept to hear the bad news.(作原因状语)Im pleased to meet you.(作原因状语)3. 分词作状语(多作时间、条件、原因、方式和伴随状语,可以用相应的状语从句来代替):(1)作时间状语。女口: Walking in the street, came across an old friend of min e.=Whe n (I was) walk ing in the street,I came across an old friend of mine. While/When waiting for the

51、 bus ,he read a copy of China Daily.=While/When he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. Having finished his homework,the boy went out.=After he had finished his homework ,the boy went out. Taken round the city,we were impressed by the citys new look.=After we had been taken round

52、the city ,we were impressed by the city s new look.(2)作条件状语。如: Walking ahead, you will see a white house.=If you walk ahead ,you will see a white house.Givenanother chanee, I can do it better.=If I had been given another chance, I can do it better.注意:当分词作时间状语和条件状语时,有时可以根据需要在分词前面加上相应的表时间和条件的 引导词when,

53、 while, before, after, if等,还可以变成相应的时间和条件状语从句(见上面( 1)、(2)。(3)作原因状语。如: Bei ng ill, he did n go to school.=As he was ill , he did n go to school.Tired out, they stopped to have a rest.=Because they were tired out,they stopped to have a rest.(4)作方式、伴随状语:女口: He sat on the sofa,watching TV.=He sat on the

54、sofa and watched TV.Laughing and talking,theyHe stood leaning against thewent into the classroom.=They laughed , talked and went into the classroom.wall.=He stood a nd leaned aga inst the wall.注意:、作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语发出的一个动作或是与谓语动作(或状态)同时发生(不可能发生在之前),或是对谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)作进一步的补充说明,所以一 般不用现在分词完成式、过去分词作伴随

55、状语,只用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。、分词作伴随状语时,若表示“正在被.”的概念,常常用过去分词,而不用现在分词的被动式。女口: Being followed by some officials , he went out. ( x) -Followed by some officials , he went out. ( V)(5) 作结果状语(意料之中的结果)。如: Her mother died in 1990 , leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990 , and left her and her y

56、ounger brother. The song is sung all over the country , making it the most popular song.=The song is sung all over the country , and made it the most popular song.附:1. 不定式作表语形容词的状语两种搭配类型:(1)、当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式既可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。如:They were eager to know everything about China.I am sorry to keep you waiting.(2)、当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式必须是及物动词或“不及物.动词一+.一

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