M1U1Grammar学生版

1、Module 1 Unit 1Grammar and UsageAttributive clauses( 定语从句 )Period 1Step 1 Definition1. What is attributive?a lovely girlsomething newthe boy in white2. What is attributive clause?在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 。E.g.He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.Step 2 AnalysisAnalyse the

2、structure of the following sentences:1. The man that / who gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.2. The boy who / whom / that / / the nurse is looking after is my friend.3. The car that / which is red was damaged yesterday.4. The question that / which / / I dont understand is about grammar.5.Ti

3、tanic is the shipsank after hitting an iceberg.6.Ye Xin ia a nursedied in the fight against SARS.关系词 : 关系代词 : who, whom, which, that, whose, as关系副词 : when, where, why关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用that人 /物主 , 宾 , 表which物主,宾关系代词who人主,宾whom人宾whose人 /物定as人 /物 /事情主 , 宾 , 表when时间时间状语关系副词where地点地点状语why原因原因状语注意点 : 1.关系词的

4、作用 : 1)连接作用 -把主句和从句连接起来2) 替代作用 -在从句中代替在它前面的先行词13) 成分作用 - 在从句中充当一个成分2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略.3. 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致.4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种.5.非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略.Step 3 用定语从句合并下列句子.E.g.1. The woman is a teacher. / The woman lives next door.2. We watched the play Teahouse. / The play was written by La

5、o She.3. The young man is a famous writer. / You saw the young man yesterday.4. This is the house. / Lu Xun once lived in the house.Step 4 ConsolidationA 找出下列复合句中的主句、定语从句、先行词、关系代词, 并翻译成中文：1. The lessons that he taught were not easily forgotten.2. The film which we saw last night was wonderful.3. A p

6、lane is machine that can fly.4. The person whom they wanted to visit is a student.5. The book that he bought is very interesting.6. Yesterday we went to the school that you visited last week.7. I know a lady whose husband is writer.8. The girl who went there is my sister.9. The desk whose legs are b

7、roken is very old.10 This is the dictionary which you mentioned yesterday B将下列两个简单句合并为一个带有定语从句的复合句：eg Do you like the bike? / My uncle gave it to me2Do you like the bike which my uncle gave it to me?( )Do you like the bike which my uncle gave to me?( )注意：当两个简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句时，其先行词不可重复出现。1. The girl i

8、s not here. She is going to sing a song.2. The man is rich. He is working in the factory.3. The school is a big one. The school stands near the river.4. Have you answered the letter? You got the letter two weeks ago.5. The boy student is very young. He won the game.6. Hell meet his daughter. He hasn

9、t seen her for years.7. My uncle bought the bike last week. The bike has been stolen.8. How is the man? You saw him yesterday afternoon.9. Dont buy the vegetables. They sell them in the market.10. The bike is very old. I lent it to you this morning.11. The house is very old. Its windows face south.1

10、2. The girl works very hard. Her father is a doctor.C;用关系代词 who, whom, that, which, whose填空 ：1.The earthquakeshook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people_ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3.The housethey built in 1987 is still very new.4.The h

11、ouseis built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5.Luckily none of the peopleI know were killed.6.The boyfather is a teacher is very clever.7.A clock is a machinetells people the time.8.A fridge is a machineis used for keeping food fresh.9.April 1 is the dayis called April Fools Day in the west.1

12、0. The househe is looking for is very expensive.3Period 2Step 1 Revision1.Analyse the structure of the following sentences:1) Mary is a student who is 21 years old.2) The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.2.Use proper relative pronouns to complete the sentences.1) David is a kind person _always

13、 helps others.2) The book _ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3) He cant find the book_is borrowed from the library.4) The girl _ you have just seen is very good at English.5) He is a great boy _name will be remembered.Step 2 关系代词的用法：一、由 who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。who 用作主语， whom 用作宾语， who

14、se 用作定语。E.g. This is the manhelped me.The doctoryou are looking for is in the Room 201.I know the doctor. / His daughter studies abroad. I know the doctordaughter studies abroad.Have you seen my book? / The books cover is red. Have you seen my bookcover is red?注意点： whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示关系词与其后面的名词为所属关系。

15、whose可指人，也可指物。指物时可与of which 互换使用，指人时可与of whom 互换使用。whose + n. = the + n. + of + whom / which = of + whom / which + the + n.E.g.The house whose roof is brown is mine.= The houseis brown is mine.Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.A. whichB. whoseC. of whichD. that二、 wh

16、o 的特殊情况：1. 先行词是 all, everyone, one, ones, anyone 且做主语时 , 用 who. E.g. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.Everybody whowere willing to see the film signed their names here.2. 先行词是those 时 , 用 who.E.g.Those who want to see the fil

17、m sign up here.三、由 that 引导的定语从句that 在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。4E.g.This is the school in that you will study. ()This is the schoolyou will study.This is the schoolyou will studyin .注意点：在下列几种情况下必须用that 引导定语从句。(1) 不定代词something, anything,nothing,all, any, little, much,few等作先行词 .All thatwe

18、have to do is to practise every day.Is there anything thatI can do for you?Something thatwe heard was of great importance.(2) 先行词被all, much, few, little, every, each, no, some, any 等词修饰 .I have read all the books that you gave me.(3) 先行词被 the only, the very ,just the 修饰 . The only thing that we can

19、do is to wait. This is the very pen that I am looking for.(4) 先行词被形容词最高级 , 序数词或 the last 修饰 .This is the most interestingfilm that I have ever seen.The firstthing that I learned will never be forgotten.(5) 先行词既有人又有物时 .They talked of things and persons thatthey remembered.(6) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，无论先行词是人还

20、是物，用that 引导定语从句.He is no longer the man that he used to be.(7) 当句中已有who 或 which 时，为避免重复.Who is the man that is talking to John?四、当先行词为way 时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况：that, in which或不填。I dont like the way that / in which / /you talked to your mother.试比较：The wayhe explained to us was quite simple.()The wayhe ex

21、plained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.（）五、 one of + 复数名词+ who / which / that +复数谓语the only one of+ 复数名词+ who / which / that +单数谓语1. The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that(draw) a lot of visitors.2 .The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth th

22、at(be) seen fromthe moon.Step 3 Consolidation .Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns.1.The school _ you can see on the left is one of the oldest buildings in this city.2.The woman _ was ill was looked after by her family.3.They found the carwas stolen last month.4.I met someone _brother I

23、 went to school with.5. I d like a room _ window looks out to the sea.56. He liked the gift _ his friends gave him.7. The girl _ is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.8. The girl _ our teacher is talking with is her daughter.9. The girl _ mother is from Britain can speak English very well.

24、10. I can t find the book _is borrowed from the library.11. I can t find the book _ you lent to me.12. Have you read the book _ author/ the author of_ is a high school student?13. I used to study in a classroom _ windows/ the windows of _ were all broken.14. Susan is the only person _ can understand

25、 me.15. This is an awful movie. It s the worst I have ever seen.Choose the best answer.1. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom2.The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. the nurse is talking toC. whom the nurse is talkingD

26、. who the nurse is talking3.Here is the bicycle _ in the shop.A. that you saw itB. that saw itC. you sawD. you saw it4.I _ your friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. that isC. who amD. who are5.She lives in a house _ windows face south.A. whoseB. whichC. thatD. who6.This is the studen

27、t _ father is a pilot.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. that7.Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn8.This is the only thing _ I can do now.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. all9.I have read all the magazines _ you gave me.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whos

28、e10.The scientist told us it was the smallest living thing _could be seen under a microscope.A. thatB. whichC. /D. who11.Who is the womanis sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when12.Finally the thief hand over everything _he had stolen to the police.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. Whose13.Re

29、cently I bought a second-hand carwas very low.A. which priceB. the price of whoseC. its priceD. whose price14. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers_ they had seen.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. what15. The river _ banks used to be covered with fruit trees a

30、nd flowers is now seriouslypolluted.A. of whichB. along whichC. whereD. whose616.I don tlike the way _ he spoke to me.A. whatB. by whichC. by thatD. /17.This is the very chance _ I am looking forward to.A. to whichB. whichC. whoseD. that18.Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand.A. which agrees

31、B. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree19.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Monday?A. oneB. the oneC. whichD. that20.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the oneIII. Translate the sentences into English.1. 刚才回答问题的那个女孩是韦华。2. 用铅笔写的信读起来很费劲。3. 我认识一个同学

32、，他爸爸是宇航员。4. 这就是我和你谈过的那辆车。5. 昨天我买的书在哪儿 ?7Period 3一、关系副词引导的定语从句1. 由 where 引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时，常用where 引导。A book office is a place where tickets are sold. （ where 在从句中做状语） A book office is a placetickets are sold.This is the house where he lives. This is the housewhich he lives.This is the househ

33、e lives in.在定语从句中关系副词where =介词 + which2. 定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用when 引导。I still remember the year when we studied together. I still remember the yearwe studied together.I still remember the yearwe studied in together.在定语从句中关系副词when =介词 + which3. 由 why 引导的定语从句。（ 1）关系副词 why 的先行词只有 reason, 在从句中作原因状语。Do yo

34、u know the reason why I left early? Do you know the reasonI left early?在定语从句中 关系副词why =介词 for + which（ 2）但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that / which.The reasonhe gave us was unacceptable.二、关系代词和关系副词的选用。在定语从句中选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定。试比较： 1. This is the factoryproduces TV sets.This is the factorymy f

35、ather once worked.2. Ill never forget the daywe spent together in the countryside.Ill never forget the dayhis house was broken into.三、 介词 +关系代词引导的定语从句“介词关系代词 “结构中关系代词只可用 whom 或 which, 不可用 that 或 who 。其中 whom 指代人， which 指代物。Who is the comradeyou shook hands?This is the neighborhoodI borrowed the bicy

36、cle.注意点：1）注意关系代词的位置介词在关系代词前时，只能用 which 和 whom, 不能用 that 代替 , 也不可省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可 which ,that ,whom, who ，而且还可以省略。This is the personyou are going to work .= This is the personyou are going to work with.Have you seen the penI wrote letters this morning?8= Have you seen the penI wrote letters with this

37、morning?2) 关系代词前的介词如何确定？A. 依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配This is the bookThis is the bookThis is the bookThis is the bookB. 依据先行词的习惯搭配确定which I spent five yuan.which I paid five yuan.which I learnt a lot.which Tom often talks.I still remember the dayI still remember the dayswhich I joined the Party.which I lived in

38、 the country.C. 根据所表达的意思确定The gaswhich doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.The gaswhich we can not live is called oxygen.3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。This is the boy whom she has taken care of .This is the book which /that I

39、 amlooking for .4) 名词 / 代词 / 数词 + of + which / whom 引导的定语从句。 They talked about a movie ， the name of whichIve never forgotten In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, 16 of which were won by women China has thousands of islands, the largest of whichis Taiwan Chaplin went to the states in 1910，

40、by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom / of whom the name / whose name Ive never forgotten ConsolidationExercise A ：用 when ， where ，why 填空1.Do you still remember the placeyou were born?2.I don t remember the datemy father were born 3.Do you kn

41、ow the reasonhe killed himself?4.He was born in the yearthe Second World War broke out 5.Please tell me the reasonhe is angry6.A: This is the placeLu Xun once lived.B: This is the placewe visited last Sunday.7. A:I ll never forget the dayswe studied together.B:I ll never forget the dayswe spent toge

42、ther.8.A:The reasonhe came late is that he got up late.B:The reasonhe gave for his absence is untrueExercise B ：用介词 +关系代词填空1.Are you interested in any songsyou ve listened.2.Tomorrow is a particular dayhis daughter will get married.93.This is the knifeI usually cut bread.4.We can t live without thes

43、unwe get heat and light.5.The subjectEric is interested is physics.6.This is the good carI spent all my money.7.She is the teacherall his students show respect .8.Do you know the girlour head teacher is shaking hands?9.I can t find my dictionaryI paid over $100 .10. The teacheryou have been waiting

44、is coming in a minute.Exercise C ： Choose the best answer.1.- Have you read the books?- Yes. I ve read all the books _ you gave me.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. who2.September 18,1913 is the day _we ll never forget.A. thatB. whenC. on whichD. on that3.That young girl is not the one _ she used to be.A. th

45、atB. whoC. whomD. what4.Is this factory _we visited last year?A. whereB. in whichC. the oneD. at which5.This is the factory _we visited last year.A. whereB. whichC. the oneD. at which6. The hard-working farmers and their happy life_ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A. whom

46、B. whoC. whichD. /7. Have you found the woman _purse was lost?A. herB. of whichC. thatD. whose8. Where is the window _glass is broken?A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. its9. The house _ we once lived in is being repaired by the workers.A. whichB. whereC. whoD. whom10.Who is the comrade _was there?A. whomB.

47、thatC. whichD. of which11.The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose12.I don tlike the way_ he looks at me.A. in thatB. whichC. of whichD. /13.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _in China.A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. has been workin

48、g14.Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who _in China.A. workB. is workingC. are workingD. have been working15.Those_want to see the film please put down your names here.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. who16.We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit to before.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. to wh

49、ere17.That is one of those books that _ worth reading.10A. isB. haveC. hasD. are18.That was the reason_ Mike gave me the other day.A. whyB. for thatC. whichD. for which19.On the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whoever20.You must watch carefully everything _the teacher does in class.A. whereB. thatC. whoD. what21.This is one of the most exciting football games _I have ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. whatD.