[自学考试密押题库与答案解析]外语教学法自考题模拟14

1、自学考试密押题库与答案解析外语教学法自考题模拟14自学考试密押题库与答案解析外语教学法自考题模拟14外语教学法自考题模拟14.Multipe Choice问题:1. _ provided the methodological foundation for materials for the teaching and its principles formed the basis of such widely used series as English 900 and Success With English.A.The Direct MethodB.The Oral ApproachC.Th

2、e Audiolingual MethodD.The Communicative Approach答案:C解析 英语900句和Success with English都重视视听材料的运用，锻炼学习者的听说技能，把对话作为介绍语言的主要形式，把句型操练作为主要的训练方法。选项A侧重于用目标语教学，利用动作、实物、表情、手势和情景来“直接”表达语言的意义。选项B口语法侧重于情景活动。选项D交际法侧重于交际的顺利进行。问题:2. The years between 1940 and 1970 is known as _ period.A.the Reform MovementB.Modem Lang

3、uage Teaching and ResearchC.Communicative Language TeachingD.Structural Language Teaching答案:D解析 外语教学简史可以大致划分为四个阶段：第一阶段为18821906年的外语教学改革运动阶段(The Reform Movement)；第二阶段为19061940年的现代语言教学与研究阶段(Modern language teaching and research)；第三阶段为19401970年的结构主义语言教学阶段(Structural language teaching)；第四阶段为自1970开始的交际语言

4、教学阶段(Communicative language teaching)。问题:3. _ was developed in the late 19th century.A.The Grammar-Translation MethodB.The Direct MethodC.The Oral ApproachD.The Audiolingual Method答案:B解析 直接法始于19世纪末期。语法翻译法(Grammar-translation Method)始于18世纪；直接法始于19世纪末期；口语法(Oral Approach)始于20世纪二三十年代；听说法(Audio-lingual M

5、ethod)始于20世纪50年代中期；认知法(Cognitive Approach)始于20世纪60年代；自然法(Natural Approach)始于20世纪70年代；交际法(Communicative Approach)始于20世纪70年代后期。问题:4. Dianiel Jones wrote a number of works on English_.A.grammarB.phoneticsC.vocabularyD.culture答案:B问题:5. The Audiolingual Method uses _ to present the language.A.dialoguesB.

6、passagesC.moviesD.articles答案:A解析 听说法以对话的方法来介绍语言。他们相信对话能够为语言提供一个自然的环境。问题:6. The schema theory is an important element in _ , which is action-based, more concerned with the process of learning than what is learnt.A.Brunners theoryB.Ausubels theoryC.Kellys theoryD.Piagets theory答案:D解析 图式理论是皮亚杰理论中的一个重要部

7、分，它指的是过去的经历，即一个人储存在长期记忆中的东西，在头脑中所形成的框架。他的图式理论是一种“以行为作基础”的理论，它更关注学习的过程，而不是学习的结果。美国著名心理学家布鲁纳(Brunner)提出发现法(discovery methods)；奥斯贝尔理论的核心是“有意义的语言学习和先期组织”(meaningful verbal and advance organizers)；凯利明确区分了有意义的学习活动和无意义的学习活动。因此排除A、B、C。问题:7. The two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins are_.

8、A.notions and functionsB.notions and formsC.forms and functionsD.general and specific答案:A解析 威尔金斯提出了以交际为标准(communicative criteria)而设计的功能意念(functional-notional)大纲的基本要点，其著作意念大纲(Notional Syllabuses)对交际教学法发展有深刻影响。他认为语言意义可以划分为功能(Function)和意念(Notion)两个层面。因此排除B、C、D。问题:8. The Natural Approach uses three stag

9、es as a basis for beginners: 1 _; 2 giving the students comprehensible input about experiences and allowing for opportunities to engage in conversations about their own experiences; and 3 input and discussions, concerning opinions.A.lowering the affective filterB.strengthening the affective filterC.

10、lowering anxietyD.strengthening motivation答案:C解析 自然法给初学者组织教学有三个步骤，其内容包括个人经历、家庭和情景话题。第一步：将学生置于语言的交际情景之中，使他们相互认识，其目的是减少情感障碍(lowering the affective filter)；第二步：给学生提供有关经历的可理解性输入(comprehensible input)，使他们有机会谈论他们自己的经历；第三步：包括学生接受语言输入、开展讨论、发表意见等。问题:9. G.Lozanov was the founder of _.A.the Community Language

11、LearningB.the Direct MethodC.SuggestopaediaD.the Natural Approach答案:C解析 暗示法(suggestopaedia)是洛扎诺夫提倡的。选项A集体语言学习法是由柯伦(chades A.curran)和他的同事们共同倡导的一种方法，该方法建议教师要把学生当成一个“完整的人”来对待，所以有时人们把这种方法叫做“人文主义教学法”。选项B直接法的倡导者是著名的语言教学革新家法国人古文。选项D自然法的倡导者是克拉申和特雷尔(Krashen and Terrell)。问题:10. Children develop language compe

12、tence in their first language in a relatively short time merely by _it.A.being exposed toB.speakingC.usingD.listening to答案:A解析 乔姆斯基认为儿童天生就有一种特殊的学习语言的能力(LAD)，不需要教他们语言，也不需要纠正其语言错误，只要让他们生活在语言环境之中(be exposed to it)，就能学会语言，并且在不知不觉中掌握其语言规则。这一仅仅依赖置身于某一语言环境之中，通过使用语言进行及交流来掌握母语语言规则的过程称为语言习得。问题:11. Who first u

13、sed the term communicative competence in deliberate contrast to Chomskys linguistic competence ?A.Stem.B.Asher.C.Krashen.D.Hymes.答案:D解析 交际能力(communicative competence)是海姆斯为了把自己的交际语言观与乔姆斯基的语言能力理论相区别而创造出来的，交际能力不仅是指将语法规则用以构成语法正确的句子的能力，而且也包括知道在何时何地使用这些句子，以及用于何种对象的能力。而乔姆斯基的语言能力(Linguistic competence)是话语者所

14、具有的抽象语言能力的特征。问题:12. Two indispensable parts of the Communicative Language Teaching are supposed to be _.A.presentations and pragmaticsB.discourse analysis and drillsC.discourse analysis and pragmaticsD.drills and presentations答案:C解析 话语篇章分析和语用学成为交际语言教学法中的不可分割的两部分。话语篇章分析专门研究口头及书面语中的句子如何构成具有更大意义的单位，如段落

15、、对话、访谈等。语用学是一门研究语言在交际中运用的学科，重点研究句子与其使用的语境、情境之间的关系。问题:13. It became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960s that_.A.new language is introduced and practised in situationsB.accuracy is maintainedC.reading and writing are introduced laterD.translation should be avoided答案:A问题:14. According to th

16、e Natural Approach, _ plays only the insignificant function to convey meaning.A.formB.vocabularyC.grammarD.phonetics答案:C解析 自然法强调词汇的重要性，认为语言的基础是词汇。语法仅具有次要的功能，它只是确定如何用词汇来表达意思。问题:15. The Audiolingual Method provided such materials for teaching English as all of the following EXCEPT _.A.English 900B.Lad

17、o English SeriesC.New World EnglishD.Success With English答案:C解析 听说法被广泛应用于北关各高等院校的外语教学。它为大学外语教学和教材编写提供了教学方法上的理论基础。Lado English Series拉杜英语教材、English 900英语900句、Success With English英语成效都是根据听说法原则编写的。.Filling Blanks问题:1. Language is best taught when it is being used to transmit_.答案:messages解析 Language is

18、best taught when it is being used to transmit messages. 自然法认为语言输入是任何一种语言教学大纲中最重要的部分，当语言只有在被用来传达信息，而不是有意识的为教语言而教语言时，才最有利于学习。 问题:2. According to the Cognitive Approach,_ practice is the main form of classroom teaching.答案:language解析 According to the Cognitive Approach,language practice is the main form

19、 of classroom teaching. 对认知法来说，学习者是课堂教学的中心，那么，语言实践应该是学习的主要形式，教师应该提供机会让学习者能够积极参与大量的语言交流。 问题:3. Palmer focused on his main interest in the habit formation of foreign language _ patterns.答案:speech解析 口语教学法/情景教学法的学习理论基础是行为主义的习惯形成理论(Habit-formation theory)。外语学习基本上被认为是一个习惯形成的过程，而这一过程是帕尔默(Palmer)教学法原则的核心。他强

20、调一开始就要养成良好的语言习惯，为此目标，语言应力求准确，应给学生提供语法正确的句子和句型(speech patterns)，通过反复操练，学生就能获得流利的说目标语的能力。问题:4. Krashens Monitor Model of second language development distinguishes two distinct processes in second and foreign language development and use: acquisition and _.答案:learning解析 克拉申的第二语言习得中自我监测模式区分了获得和使用第二语言和外语

21、中两个不同的过程。一个是习得，另一个是学习。问题:5. In the Oral Approach language teaching begins with the spoken language. Material is taught orally before it is presented in the _ form.答案:written解析 口语教学法的重要特点是语言教学要从口语开始，语言材料在以书面形式出现之前应该先用口语方式教授。问题:6. The neogrammarians, represented by Hermann Paul, formed the main lingui

22、stic basis of the _ Method.答案: Direct解析 19世纪末期，新的社会形势使得直接法的产生既有必要也有可能。语言学、心理学和教育学的迅速发展极大地刺激了直接法的确立。以保罗为代表的新语法派建立了直接法的主要语言学基础。问题:7. Although the teaching of all four language skills is advocated by most Direct Methodologists, _communication skills are regarded as basic.答案:oral解析 直接法以发展学生的外语交际能力为目的。直接

23、法从不直接教授语法规则。学生通过听说练习用归纳法的途径学习语法。尽管大多数直接法教学专家提倡发展四种语言能力，但是口头交际能力仍被看作语言的基本能力，尤其强调正确的发音。问题:8. Traditional linguists believe that the _ form of language was superior to the spoken form which was regarded as the corrupted form of language.答案:written解析 Traditional linguists believe that the written form o

24、f language was superior to the spoken form which was regarded as the corrupted form of language 传统语言学认为书面语的产生早于口语的产生，并且认为口语是语言滥用造成的结果。 问题:9. Suggestopaedia believes that language learning can occur at a much faster rate than it is often expected if learners can make better use of their_ powers.答案:me

25、ntal解析 Suggestopaedia believes that language learning can occur at a much faster rate than it is often expected if learners Can make better use of their mental powers 暗示法是洛扎诺夫提倡的，他认为，如果学习者能够充分使用自己的脑力，语言学习的速度可以比人们预期的快得多，因此，为了更好的利用脑力资源，学习者应当对自己认为存在的一些心理局限进行“反暗示”。 问题:10. Krashens Monitor Model of secon

26、d language development distinguishes two distinct processes in second and foreign language development and use: acquisition and _.答案:learning解析 自然法的提倡者克拉申的第二语言习得中自我监测模式(Monitor Model)区分了获得和使用第二语言和外语中的两个性质截然不同的过程，一个是“习得”(Acquisition)，另一个是“学习”(Learning)。问题:11. The essence of Zhang Method is the theory

27、 of psychological advantage. It believes in the great _ students have once they develop the right interest, enthusiasm and motivation in learning a foreign language.答案:potential解析 张思中教学法的核心是“心理优势论”，该教学法认为，一旦学生有了强烈的学习外语的兴趣、热情和动机，就会发挥很大的学习潜能。问题:12. The _ approach assumes that a foreign language is lea

28、rned while what is acquired plays only a subsidiary role.答案:three dimensional解析 外语立体化教学法认为外语是学会的，习得的东西只起次要的作用。问题:13. Gattegno anticipates that using the Silent Way would require most teachers to change their perception of their_.答案:role解析 加蒂格诺说使用沉默法就要求老师改变对自己作用(role)的看法。老师的任务就是先教，再考，然后走开。问题:14. The

29、three affective filter factors which determine the speed of success are motivation,_and anxiety.答案:self-confidence解析 克拉申提出的情感过滤器假设(Affective filter hypothesis)指学习者的情绪和态度是可调节的过滤器，它可对语言输入而顺利通过时而拦阻堵塞。情感过滤器的高低与语言输入成反比。其中克拉申确定了三种可变的情感因素与第二语言的习得有关，包括动机(Motivation)、自信(Self-confidence)、忧虑(Anxiety)。这三种情感因素影响

30、了语言学习速度(speed)。问题:15. Krashens monitor hypothesis states that learning has only one function, and that is as a_.答案:monitor解析 自然法奠基人克拉申提出了自我监测模式(Monitor Model)，认为学得(learning)和习得(acquisition)在第二语言运用中的具体表现方式是不一样的，自我监测假设表明学得仅具有一种功能，就是自我监测功能，它利用清楚的语法知识来确定要表达语言的形式。.Matching问题:1. the Oral Approach A B the

31、theory of language a. guided repetition the theory of learning b. new language points being introduced and practiced situationally one of the objectives c. behaviorist habit-formation theory one of the techniques d. to help the students to get a practical command of the four skills one of the main f

32、eatures e. British structuralism答案:e c d a b解析 口语教学法的语言理论基础可以说是一种英国的结构主义。语言就是说话，而说话能力可以通过口头训练语言结构而获得。 口语教学法的学习理论基础是行为主义的习惯形成理论。外语学习基本上被认为是一个习惯形成的过程。 口语教学法的目的是帮助学生切实掌握四种基本语言技能(听、说、读、写)，但这些技能是通过学习语言结构获得的。 口语教学法采用的练习方法一般包括教师指导下的复述和替代练习，包括齐声复述、个人模仿、听写、操练和教师规定的以口语材料为基础的朗读与写作。 口语教学法的特点之一就是在情境中介绍和练习新的语言点，即

33、单词应放到句子中讲解，句子应放在有意义的上下文中去练习，而不是被当成孤立的、互不相关的成分来讲解。 1) _ the Grammar-Translation Method 2) _ the Direct Method 3) _ the Audiolingual Method 4) _ the Cognitive Approach 5) _ the Communicative Approach a) The primary function of language is communication. b) All languages originated from one language an

34、d were ruled by a common grammar. c) Language is a system of structurally related elements for the expressions of meaning. d) Every language has its own structures and can not be forced into the constraining pattern of Latin grammar. e) A native speaker has in his brain a set of grammar rules which

35、he can use to make sentences with. 2.答案:b 语法翻译法所依托的语言理论是由历史比较语言学派生的，语言学家认为所有语言都源于一种共同语言，受制于同一种语法。3.答案:d 直接法所依据的语言理论主要来自以下观点：(1) 每一种语言都有自己独特的结构(Every language has its own structure)：(2) 口头语言早于书面语言(Spoken language comes before written language)；(3) 口头语言是可以学习的声音体系(Spoken language is a learnable system

36、of sounds)；(4) 语言和思想有着密切的联系(Language and thought are closely linked)。其中观点一认为每种语言都有自己独特的结构，不能被死搬硬套进拉丁语语法中，这种观点否定了在传统教学法中翻译法的主导作用，并推动了直接法来代替翻译法作为外语教学的主要方法。4.答案:c 和传统的语言研究方法不同，结构主义语言学把语言看作一种结构体系，体系中的各种相关成分组合起来表达意义，这些成分是音素、词素、单词、结构和句型。5.答案:e 认知法的语言理论基础是乔姆斯基的转换生成语法，乔姆斯基认为：操本族语言者在他头脑里某个地方有一系列的语法规则，他可以利用这些

37、规则生成句子。利用这些语法规则为基础，我们可以选择词汇来表达我们想要表达的意义。6.答案:a 大部分交际法的人都认为，语言是用来交际(for communication)的，因而更重视意义(meaning)，而不是结构(structure)。他们认为学习语言的最佳途径就是在社会环境(social context)的运用中去学习。.Questions for Brief Answers问题:1. What are the five hypothese of Krashen s Monitor Model?答案:Krashens Monitor Model consists of five bas

38、ic hypotheses : (1) The acquisition-learning hypothesis; (2) The monitor hypothesis; (3) The natural order hypothesis; (4) The input hypothesis; (5) The affective filter hypothesis.问题:2. What are the distinguishing features of the Notional-Functional Syllabus?答案:They were its attention to functions

39、as the organizing elements of English language curriculum,and its contrast with a structural syllabus.问题:3. What are the procedures followed in a Cognitive Approach classroom?答案:(1) introduction of new materials; (2) exercise; (3) application activities. 问题:4. How does the acculturation theory expla

40、in the second language acquisition?答案: Acculturation means individuals of one culture have to go through the process of modification in attitudes, knowledge and behaviour in order to do well in another culture. It believes that second language acquisition is just one aspect of acculturation and the

41、degree of acculturation will control the degree of second language acquisition.问题:5. Why is first language forbidden in a Direct Method classroom?答案: The direct methodologists consider foreign language learning as similar to first language acquisition. The learner should try to establish a direct as

42、sociation between language forms and meanings in the target language. The first language is considered an interfering factor, rather than a reference. In order to develop the students ability to communicate in the target language, students should be encouraged to think in the target language. The be

43、st method is not to make the learner learn the language rules, but to provide direct practice in listening and speaking through imitation and repetition.问题:6. How does transformational generative linguistics differ in research methods?答案:Transformational generative linguistics opposes the structural

44、ist method of taking linguistic performance as the goal.It also attacks the inductive approach.It believes that linguistics should study the linguistic competence,not the performance,ofthe native speaker and try to set up a system of rules that will generate an infinite number of grammatical sentenc

45、es.Questions for Long Answers问题:1. What are the main characteristics of the Oral Approach? And what is the main difference between this Approach and the Direct Method?答案: The main characteristics of the Oral Approach are as follows: (1) Language teaching begins with the spoken language. Material is taught orally before it is presented in the wri