新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第五版答案

1、U1 Free Falling1.What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2.How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded it

2、self).3.How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4.How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming indep

3、endent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5.What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, whic

4、h leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.U6 The myth of t

5、he paperless office1. What are the disadvantages of paper according to the author?Paper takes up precious space, can be in only one place at a time, is extremely hard to index or search through, and lacks all the interactivity and linking ability of hypertext.2. What are the major categories of file

6、s in an office?In the office, files can be mainly classified into hot files, documents to be acted on immediately; warm files, still active but of less urgency and cold files, docements that dont need immediate attention.3. Why is it unpleasant to read something on a computer screen?Because there ar

7、e such annoyances as the relatively fuzzy type, glare, the need to scroll repeatedly, the screens relatively fixed position and so forth.4. What are the essential problems in using computers in polices departments?First, the police found they spent so much time dealing with the computer interface th

8、at they fell short in listening and talking to victims, an essential activity both for offering comfort and for picking up subtle clues to what exactly had happened. Second, the goal of prompt reporting was compromised by the fact that police kept revising their reports after filing them.5. What are

9、 the reasons for peoples chimera of going paperless according to the author?Firstly, people who can profit from the idea keep selling it to us. Secondly, all technologies come down to our trying to get what we want, what we desire. And much of what we desire comes down to taking control of ourlives,

10、 doing what we please without being overwhelmed by what we dont please.6.Why cannot computers replace paper in an office?First, paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspectsreading, writing and personal satisfaction in delivery. Furthermore, computers cant

11、 replace paper completely in some activities such as air-traffic control and writing up police reports.U7 Competition is destructive1.Whyiscompetitiondestructiveaccordingtotheauthor?(para.3)Accordingtotheauthor,competitionisdestructivebecauseitunderminesself-esteem,poisonsrelationshipsandholdsusback

12、fromdoingourbest.2.WhatarethepurposesofthegamesdevisedorcollectedbyOrlickandothers?(para.6)TheideaofthegamesdevisedorcollectedbyOrlickandothersisforeachpersononthefieldtomakeaspecifiedcontributiontothegoal,orforalltheplayerstoreachacertainscore,orforeveryonetoworkwiththeirpartnersagainstatimelimit.3

13、.Whatisthedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetition?(para.8)Thedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetitionisthatinteamworkeveryoneonthefieldisworkingtogetherforacommongoal,whileinteamcompetitionagivenplayerworkswithandisencouragedtofeelwarmlytowardonlyhalfofthosepresent.4.Whydomostkindsoffunrequir

14、ecompetition?(para.10,11,12)Firstofall,peopledontknowanyotherwayorpeoplehavenevertastedthealternative.Secondly,weoverlookthepsychologicalcostsofcompetition:itcausesself-doubtandfeelingsofself-worthbecomedependentonexternalsourcesofevaluation.5.Whoistoblameforcompetition?Itisthestructureofthegameitse

15、lfthat istoblameratherthantheindividuals,sinceitsetscompetitionattheverybeginning.U10 Why we strive for status1. What is the writers attitude in the sentence The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health? (para. 2)The author takes a neg

16、ative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.2. How do you understand the sentence If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn? (para. 4)I

17、f the relentless one-upmanship were only limited within very few sample groups, it would be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.3. In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship? Anthropologists point out that the

18、 same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.4.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmenbeingpowerfulandpowerless?Menwhoachievehighstatusenjoymoresexwithmorepartnerswheresasmenwhoarejustunemployedmaylosethe

19、irmarriagesaswellasself-esteem.5.Inwhichwaysaremodernmenthesameas,andalsodifferentfromGenghisKhan?ModernmenarethesameasGenghisKhaninthattheyallstriveforhighstatus,butdifferentinthatmodernmentendtorulebyconsentandtrytoavoidfighting.6.Domalesalwayshavetofightforpower?Whyorwhynot?Notnecessarily,forthem

20、ostdurableleadersaretheoneswhogovernbyconsentandtrytoavoidfighting.U13 Giving credit where debt is due1.HowmanycreditcardsdoestheaverageAmericanhave?4.2.Whatisasub-primeborrower?Peoplewhohaveabadcredithistory.3.Whatwerethespendinghabitsofpeopleinthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies?Peopleregarded

21、debtinaverynegativeway.Theyalwaystriedtopayofftheirdebtsinatimelymanner.4.HowhascreditcardspendingchangedintheUnitedStatessincethe1960s?Inthe1960smostborrowerspaidofftheircreditcardbalancesmonthly.Sincethen,manypeoplehaveamassedcreditcarddebt.1.Onlytwenty-sevennewmembershadbeen_sincetheLeedsCongress

22、,andthetotalmembershipstillstoodatlessthanonehundred.(B) B.enrolled2.Youcouldgoforadvertising_,thecatchyfloordisplaysortheflashypackaging.(C)C.hype3.Thedeskwas_withfiles,butthechairbehinditwasvacant.(A)A.cluttered4._isamealtypicallyeatenlateinthemorningasacombinationofalatebreakfastandanearlylunch.(

23、B) B.Brunch5.Theimprovementofthehighwaywill_pressureonthetrainstosomeextent.(B)B.relieve6.Johnshandswere_asheputdownhispapersandstartedhisspeechatthefirsttime.(A) A.quivering7.Hismoodwasanexplosivemixtureof_self-pityandforcedgaiety,thelatterpredominatingashegotdrunk.(A) A.maudlin8.Becauseoftheeconom

24、icslowdown,thegovernmentchangeditspolicyto_revenuebylimitingcommerce.(C)C.diminish9.Inwomensmagazinesandeducationalmaterialtheapple_goodfoodandhealth.(B)B.conjures10.Itistheopinionofa(n)_touristthatnopricewouldbetoogreattopay,thenovelistdeclared.(D) D.sentimental1.Accordingtotheopinionpoll,theSocial

25、istswerepredominantinthelastparliament.(D)D.dominant2.Heexertedhimself,duringhissojournamongthissimpleandwell-disposedpeople,to inculcate,asfarashewasable,thegentleandhumanizingpreceptsoftheChristianfaith.(B)B.infuse3.Adomesticunitconsistsofthemembersofahouseholdwholivetogetheralongwithnon-relatives

26、suchasservants.(A) A.family4.Itwasclearthatamanafterseventeenyearsofwedlockdidnotleavehiswifewithoutcertainoccurrenceswhichmusthaveledhertosuspectthatallwasnotwellwiththeirmarriedlife.(B) B.marriage5.Severalcommonreasonsthatleadcouplestodecidetocohabit:wantingtotestcompatibilityorestablishfinancials

27、ecuritybeforemarrying.(A)A.livetogether6.Thestudiesshowthatmostdelinquentboyshaveanon-conventionalorientatedself-concept,whileotherboyswhoarenotinvolvedinthepeergroup,haveaschoolorientatedself-concept.(C) C.offensive7.Theyareafierceandintractablepeople,thoughcapableofformingmostdevotedfriendshipswhe

28、ntheirconfidencehasoncebeengained.(C) C.unmanageable8.Yourreligion,sayshe,servesyouonlyforanexcuseforyourfaults,butisnoincentivetoyourvirtue.(B) B.inducement9.Therealestateinvestorshavetemperedtomeettheinvestorsneeds.(A) A.adjusted10.Topenalizeayachtinproportiontothefinenessofherperformanceisunfairt

29、othecraftandtohermen.(D) D.punish1. Advocates of organic foods frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others. (A) A. announce2. If I may venture an opinion, Id say the plan needs closer examination. (C) C. express3. These photographs capture the essence of working-

30、class life at the turn of the century. (A) A. describe4. There was a preponderance of female teachers in the English department. (B) B. dominance5. Clarence had only a few fuzzy memories of his grandparents. (C) C. obscure6. What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to d

31、uplicate. (B) B. equal7. Hes stopped taking drugs now, but he may revert to taking them again. (C) C. restore8. As often as not, people tend to scream under such circumstances. (D) D. quite often9. What is even more important is the fact that the astronauts photographs have uncovered many things not

32、 evident at close range. (D) D. revealed10. The disposition of the troops on the battlefield is of paramount importance. (A) A. arrangement1. In particular, the relationship is becoming increasingly bedeviled by the issue of anti-missile defence. (C) C. plagued2. The universe offers no such categori

33、es or simplifications; only flux and infinite variety. (B) B. change3. The news of the wedding was plastered all over the morning papers. (A) A. covered4. Perhaps you should tweak that line or paragraph that throws the structure off before sending in the report. (C) C. revise5. The daily news storie

34、s of the worsening economy unnerved the nation. (A)A. discouraged6. She allowed her steady gaze to flicker from the glass which she had been holding for hours. (C) C. shine unsteadily7. Self-awareness of roles and of the feelings evoked in interpersonal encounters is increasingly critical for the ni

35、mble entrepreneur. (B) B. agile8. I have always tried to live by my faith but its sometimes unexpectedly difficult to achieve. (C) C. act on9. What weve got here is a half-baked proposal that still needs a great deal of work. (D) D. unthoughtful10. For the next four years they defied convention by l

36、iving as man and wife when they were not. (A) A. tradition1.Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingracebecauseshedidnotwinanyofthepracticeraces.(C)C.gotridof2.Oneofthemajorflawsintheexistingsystemisthattheprosecutorhasimmunityfromlawsuitsclaimingmaliciousprosecution.(B)B.spiteful3.Theydefineagoodpatient

37、asonewhoacceptstheirstatementsandtheiractionsuncriticallyandunquestioningly.(A) A.characterize4.Robertspoorphysicalconditioncombinedwithnagginginjuriespreventedhimfromplayingmorethan51gamesinthepastfourseasons.(A) A.troubling5.Constantcorrectionbyateacherisoftencounterproductive,asthestudentmaybecom

38、eafraidtospeakatall.(C) C.unfavorable6.Forcenturieswewomenhavegloatedovertheonenegativeaspectofagingmoreevidentinmenthanwomen:balding.(B)B.feltmaliciouslysatisfiedwith7.Intheconduciveatmospherearoundthefort,GeneralBradleyimmediatelyfoundoutabouttheplot.(D)D.favorable8.Itsastoryofaharmfuldynamicbetwe

39、enwhiteprejudiceandblackautonomy.(C)C.competingorconflictingsystem9.Gandhirejectsoutrightclaimsmadeconcerningthesuperiororinferiorstatusofreligions.(B) B.direct10.Myfirstbosswasareallynastyperson,whoseemedtoenjoymakinglifedifficultforeveryone.(C)C.ugly1.ToputakidlikeDeliaineight-hourisolationforacce

40、ptingacigarettefromafriendisbizarreandoutrageous.(B)B.violent2.DepressionremainsoneofthemostprevalenthealthdisordersintheUS.(A)A.common3.Thenextversionofthesoftwarewillhavetheedgeoveritscompetitors.(C)C.advantage4.Hesmanagedtocreateanicheforhimselfinlocalpolitics.(B) B.rightposition5.Thereisnothingi

41、ntheintrinsicnatureoftheworkthatmakesitmoresuitableforwomen. (C) C.essential6.Sheaddressedheryoungguestwithcivilitiessuitableforapersonageofadvancedyearsanduncertainappetite.(D) D.politeness7.Thatcannotbepromisedhere,thoughaholisticperspectiveistakenonliterarystylisticsinaddressingsciencefiction.(C)

42、 C.overall8.Manyobserverssuggestthatthistransferhashadmainlyadverseeffectsonthepopulationconcerned.(D) D.unfavorable9.Instead,justiceisacommoditydesignedbyahierarchyofjudgesstilldedicatedtotheinterestsofPower.(B)B.devoted10.Theuniversitysuspendedtheclubfortwoyears,duringwhichitcouldnotholdsocialorat

43、hleticactivities.(A) A.stopped1.Themanamassedagreatfortuneduringthewar,butlaterlostallofitalmostovernight.(A)A.collected2.Tenfederalresearcherswerelistedascontributors,butsevenofthemquicklydisavowedany connectionwithit.(D)D.denied3.Industriallabourwasatlastbeingregulated,watersuppliespurified,hospit

44、alssanitisedandprisonsreformed.(D)D.controlled4.Theinvestmentremainsbeyondreachformany,butthechoicestodayaremuchbroaderandmoreviablethan10yearsago.(D)D.feasible5.Thereisnoresolutiontothisconflictandtwosidesseemtogotowar.(B)B.disagreement6.Thesmallislandisnowvisitedbymillionsoftouristsforitsnaturalen

45、dowmentsofwhitesandybeachesandcleanwater.(C)C.gifts7.Indeed,thelogicofcommercialismmayleadtheenterprisetopursueactivitiesatoddswithothergovernmentobjectives.(B)B.runafter 8.Firstintroducedin1989,Adopt-a-Petaimstohighlighttheplightofabandonedanimalsandencouragemoreresponsiblepetownership.(B) B.desert

46、ed9.AstheKinggotolder,hebecameconvincedthathisfamilywereschemingagainsthim.(A)A.plotting10.TheChinesefootballteamoutscoreditsopponentbytwoballs.(A)A.overcame1.ClintonalsoaskedGlickmantoreportbackwithin30dayswithrecommendationstohelp alleviatedebtproblemsafflictingcattleproducers.(A)A.ease2.Therewasp

47、lentytodoonyourowndoorstep-tolookfurtherwasacop-out.(B)B.avoidingresponsibility3.Then,too,repeatedvisitstoculturalmonumentsdoubtlesspalledintime,naturalcuriositywitheredbysheersurfeit.(C) C.over-doing4.Forexample,Wilsonwantednewrecipientstobeeligibleforaidoronlyoneyear,but Democratswantedtwoyears.(B

48、) B.qualifiedtobechosen5.Itsuptohimtoshowsomegritinanuncertainworld.(D)D.firmcourage6.Youcantellmeiftheresanythingthatsworryingyouorgettingyoudown.(C)C.makingyoudepressed7.Farmersstillhavetheproblemofovercomingthestigmawhichalltoooftenyoungpeopleattachtoworkingontheland.(A)A.deepfeelingoflosingface

49、8.Atdecision-makingtimetheseconsequencesaresimplyleftunmentioned,allowingorganizationalleaderstofeignsurprisewhenqualitativecostsfinallyassertthemselves.(A)A.giveafalseappearanceof9.Anythinglessthanthisisameasureoftheextenttowhichtheresearchfallsshortofscientificstandards.(B) B.is less than10.Thesec

50、ondwasthatitsatomsofuraniumweretransmutingthemselvesintoatomsofadifferentelementwhoseatomicmasswaslower.(D) D.changingthemselvescompletely1.Forthesetheprimaryschoolsprovidedagentlehavenbeforetheytransferredtothelocalsecondarymodernschool.(D)D.sanctuary2.Italsomakesspecialtypartsandaccessories,whichcanbeusedtospruceuptheperformanceandappearanceofexistingautomobiles.(B)B.smartenup3.Iknewthatfakingthetearswouldmakehergetasenseofgratificationandendthepunishment,butIrefused.(A) A.satisfactio