实验一Linux操作系统基础

1、实验一1实验名称：Linux操作系统基础2实验目标2.1掌握安装Linux操作系统的方法。22 掌握Linux操作系统的基本配置。2.3 了解GNOM桌面环境。2.4灵活掌握基本shell命令的使用。3实验准备3.1下载VMware Workstation虚拟机软件（版本不限）。3.2准备Linux操作系统的安装源（内核版本和发行版本均不限）。注：实验准备、实验内容4.1和4.2作为回家作业布置，同学们利用课余时间完成。4实验要求、步骤及结果4.1安装虚拟机软件。【操作要求】安装 VMware Workstation虚拟机软件，版本不限，并填写以下内容。4.1.1安装VMware Workst

2、ation 虚拟机软件的环境（操作系统）Wridwra “苹Wirdows W召业庭C-2C17 Mcrowft Corptxjtcirx.民凿片E元1二 口 JCv Qfl9Windows 10tnt.：R：.匸口| i7-6700HQ CPU 2.60GMZ 2.60 Gl-flz 116.0 GB 1S-9GB 可砌2仁斥咋吝气”査于x64空肖可甲于1迢汙曇鬥辛祖咛事itans. iMQiwiftfl苛 Jttfl圭営-DtSKTOP-FftjKjFttBlTJstf-工惟趙VVtiKj&fiOUPWdowf Bis训IndCH己祸 剪慮Mkrflifl缶他诈可*忙产呂心(XJ3.31

3、-2fl 30O4XXMX)-AAg4O4.1.2VMware Workstatio n虚拟机版本号文档大全4.2安装Linux操作系统。【操作要求】在 VMware虚拟机下安装Linux操作系统，版本不限，并填写以下内容。4.2.1 Linux发行版本:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.Z (Maipo)4.2.2 Li nux内核版本:Kerne 1 3.16,0-327.el?,x66_64 on an4.2.3 Linux操作系统的主要配置参数1内荐2 GB口处理器1Jfi(SCSD20 GBCD/DVD (SATA)自动检测B网络适配器桥接模式（自动

4、）Q USB控制器电芦卡自动检测M打印机T显示器自瞬测4.3 了解Linux操作系统的桌面环境之一GNOME【操作要求1】打开图形化用户界面、查看桌面图标，查看主菜单，查看个人用户主目录等使用环境。ErootPSM-152695 *1# startx计算机mot的主文件夹回收姑勖首选项貉关于GNOME挂起文件躺鳍 151制DesktopkiMinstall.log.sysloglnslaanaconda-ks.cfgroof “呦余空间：13GBtW irtrnlinstall log【操作要求2】启动字符终端2, 了解命令提示行含义。Alt+F2+CtrlroateSM-152BS5S用户名

5、主机名 目录名提示符【操作要求3】注销字符终端2rroot(?SM-152095S exit【操作要求4】关闭图形化用户界面，关闭Linux操作系统。4.4掌握基本shell命令的使用。注：以下需要截取 shell命令与结果，没有结果截到下一命令提示行。【操作要求1】用超级用户登陆；将主机名改为具有个人学号后3位特征的名称，退出虚拟终端后重新登录；查看当前目录的绝对路径。【操作步骤-登陆】localhost loyin; roatFasswori:Last login： Fri Oct 6 07:44:44 on ttyl raoW local host Jtt【操作步骤-修改主机名】Lpoo

6、tOlocalhost *ltt hostname XM-15Z0959 pnotWloca1host【操作步骤-查看结果】LrootGSM-1520959 Itt pwd zrootEroo占Z0T5勺 ltt【操作要求2】查看Is命令的手册页帮助信息；了解其中-d选项的作用，并举例说明。【操作步骤】rootesri-15Z0359 man Is【主要显示结果1-ls命令-d选项】At -directorylist dirccturics Ihcnuiclci not Ukir contents【举例及显示结果】rootGSM-1520959Is -d /homezhonerootesn-1

7、530959 Iff【观察显示结果（解释）】将目录像文件一样显示，而不是显示其下的文件。【操作要求3】查看当前目录的详细信息；查看当前目录中文件和（子）目录信息。【操作步骤1及显示结果】roDtesri-15Z055g Is -dl血-尬-r一. 4 root eoat 409& Sep 2h 20:4?. EraoteSM-1520559 Jtt【操作步骤2及显示结果】rootSM-1520959 Is -1total 4 1 root root 2747 Sep 21 13 :18 anaconda -ks , cf gIrocWSri-1529959 【操作要求4】显示/bin/目录中所

8、有的首字母不是at的文件和（子）目录。【操作步骤及显示结果】I I! l-i detHiL|-duai/fti iUjU3ewMivuyetzbiTvoetltjiroc：/blkizzeiiirep!/Ihlri/linl IsiL/falm/tflii/bliiUhilbhk/xrurrjfzbiifltTjiereie/blnEforc/bliwiDEbl nei ititdtgzbLnL*ruhicJizb小“说gwbhi/uiKlp1/hijiMAiipla 11/b i iKwipdlmj./lblnun|.pf xzbtnwhoblivwJtecdllnlpDlaak/ b Li

9、w|jla Le-ca-tMist丿bgn-mpparizKliviniiLJdnlZblTVMSJlff小 livsi 岬 rep八 UmujKIhHinIIk护 bdnPvnLixjlMOBIiS. JULI/b i叱也阿我|1bllbXillPhldu幵而才b (nzjaJurep心 nzj|mai 酉/ b Irhnupd心 te-g I-R-ImkhIu41 zwiMh 日-guest档cer4 tw 1zt L ihod% 4-relhd t-l i hMix-ffec/bLnzijlplii#nL4t- 4ditiLkiij/fadn/MJBwru liyT仙 1 leMl扌 b

10、 kivjifc .iHiivryy-iJLif 脚Ivy/b ttrvK 仪妣4 l.i 的dim:rfctw 1/ b Liiui-lgrbber1dil ii/uhMie - too 1 box-ciidzt L-desk top - icuibzbln/yes小 I1WM八 Ijuce.【咖UJ91 1S3W59 Fzbln/wnwmru uuti94Lppcrdumktup m-Iku/b ilubikiniL心“问鬧电Mat【分析显示结果-通配符作用】通配符“*”代表任意长度的任何字符。【操作要求5】启动第2个虚拟终端，用普通用户登陆；查看当前目录的绝对路径；比较个人用户主目录 与

11、超级用户的区别。【操作步骤-启动第2个虚拟终端、普通用户登陆】rootSM-152095?oucliaoLrootSM-lS2095S #rootQSM- 1S20959passud otichaoChanging passuord for user ouchao. Neu passunrd：DW FASSUORD: The password is shorter tli-an 8Rutypc yicu password -passud: all authentication toltens updated successful ly trootOSM-1520959 TH3M-152053

12、login： ouchaoPassword :last failed log in： Fri Oct b 99:35:22 PDT 2017 on ttylTliere was 1 failed login attempt since the la.st successful loijln. oucliaoGSM-1526959【操作步骤-查看当前目录的绝对路径及显示结果】oucli 廿测毗clai.h 百宿|占Add u*亍菁stJ-Lais s * - ar- 7-flP -rvllisl w5cr& loo*ed in-mnEf|ESrtWC u -T-urn tbki;Srin? s

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14、rew 佃巾r: ljehi rn frw to dMigp rind rnrlfiilr ilMil-H i 1 Dptm ik tfl UftlWrffTYi in tlbn rxirnt fwrwl khid biji lfl迂E ALSOJhe ruLL 4acwntl ion 肚* ha is n iwtained. m d TxlbTo kml吨a丄，If tie .inf .wl Mho prDfrcLK uro pmer instJ led count rootfiSH-1520955 etc#【操作要求10】查看count文件的内容。【操作步骤及显示结果】rootGSM- 1

15、S20S59 etcJtt eat count 11 54 501 /eic/fstabrcotCSH-152053 etc#【操作要求11】返回个人用户主目录。【操作步骤】LrootDSri-lS2095S etcltt cd rooWSM-15Z035S ftcd.txt 文件中；分页（屏）【操作要求12】将“cd”命令的帮助信息保存到普通用户的个人用户主目录下 显示cd.txt 文件内容。【操作步骤1】rootesri-1520959 man cd. /home/ouchaozcd.txt rooteSM-1520959 F【操作步骤2】rootSM- 1S20959 Jtt more

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23、oi-teJ uEill fl. If Jobssiec is not gtrntvl. the &ldl psof llhecurreiiii JrXb lwi*l:hwi Jo4b rTitra Ib l id bind birrit IM IM nJ( bl|iltai |i 1 (- ERipl l-n beywp IC -H Ihapup ItuiN：t iiml r-i Funcl |jm -r rneiM!- *甘阿 ilirl I kdjscM 1 fwzti m -naM机诫 FWlll iK-tUrtWHnjIHSi.l馨 EPiPTit IfUiL I i IW: My

24、hop-opt Ida 鼻理lt 1$ 吐 common 垃 XM； r! m TCMAlfeJ Fwilait Im ti i ml Eaf-a biml 內EfuftrTi U 叶昨I IhWr fijiHfit I OH WtfH* fiiil ifwi 11 Hi vnr i-iihln s it mid cureor l J唤Ire nch hlMlPf or cwttnnd nut tc passed m a scunrate annHendl;OpTbonV. 11feed Iim tic f pl |priLiig i i|y |.【操作要求13】设置10分钟后关闭系统，并查看

25、本虚拟终端和其它已登陆虚拟终端的情况。【操作步骤】CroutPSH-152e959 *1# shutdoun 13Shutdown scheduled for Sat 2017-19-0? 05HSFDTj use 1 shutdown -c1 to cancel . CrooteSH-1520355【显示结果1-本虚拟终端】Broadcast message from roDtf?SM-1520959 CSa.t 2017-10-97PDT);The systein is going doum for power-off at Sat Z917-10-07 95:0:Z0 FDT!(Sat

26、Z017-10-37 9532ZB FDT)； at Sat Z017-10-07 95：48：Z8 PDTT(Sat 2017-10-3? S5：33：2B PDT)： ftt Sat Z017-19-07 95t48：Z8 PDT*(Sat Z017-10-07 ：34：2B PDT)： nt Sat 2917-10-07 95：49 28 PDT!【显示结果2-2分钟后其它已登陆终端】Broadcast menage from root(?Sri-15Z095-3TBe system is go ing doun for power-offBroadcastfrom rootOSH15Z

27、0T5?The system is going douAi for powep-offBroadcdstfrom rootDSM-1520959Die system is going down for power-off4.5利用vi编辑文本文件【操作要求1】利用vi新建test文件，具体内容如下，保存在个人用户主目录中，退出。How to Read Faster.When I was a schoolboy I must have read every comic book ever published. But as Igot older,my eyeballs must have slo

28、wed dow n or someth ing I mean, comic books started to pile up faster then I could read them!It wasn t until much later, when I was studying at colleague; I realized that it wasn tmyeyeballs that had gone wrong. They re still moving as well as ever. The problem is that there s too much to read these

29、 days, and too little time to read every WORD of it.注：Enter ”键是换行。【操作步骤1-shell】IrooWSII-1520959 F vi test【过程-新建test文件】iuw lu Btsod FasterUhEn I a schnnlhoij I miist hrtunevery cnmi r hnnlcpii h 1. Rut as I got older t my eyebft 1 Is mu st have s lowed doun or somctli ing T mean t com ic look s start

30、ed to pile up faster than J couId re*d them?11 uasnJ t until rvuch Jflter, whem I was ;tudy i ngat co I league,Ireal ized that11 wasii* l 呵 cyebd Is th and too little timetoo much knoN some methods to read faster .thatever *rea:szeyeba1ls/eye-ba1 ls/g【操作要求4】将第二行内容移动到文件的最后；删除第一和第二行；并恢复删除；存盘退出。【操作命令1】

31、Hou to Read FastenIt uasnJ t uni i J mutch 1 ater, uhen 1 uas studtjing at co 1 league. I rea 1 ized that it uiasnJ t my etje-ba Ils that hadgoneurong . They re still makingas ue 1 L as ever.The prn h 1 em i that t heitF * s tnnmu c htn rfiad t hesp da ijs t a nd + on I i It 1 e t i ms re ad euery U

32、DED of it. Ue must knuu some methods to read fasterUliem 1 uas asclioo I boL| T nusthaueread every comic book everpub 11 slied. But as I get older trmj eyeba1 Is nusthavesioued doMD or something Imeanj comic books startEd to pile up faster than I could read tIiemtUith thw development of socie j the

33、ability of reading becomes more and more important +【操作命令2】Hau 七口 Read FasterIt uasnJ t unt i 1 much later, uhen I ua studi_| ing at co 1 league . I tea 1 ized that i 土 wasnt ml| aL|e-ba 1 that hadgonewron -They* re ill novi mgns imc 11 as ever .The problem isthat tliere1 s toomuchto read thee daL|s

34、t nd too I ittle time read euery UMJHD of it, We must knoN some mEtJiods to read faster.When I 阳s aschoolboy 1 musthaveread euery comic book everpubished 4 But as I got oldermy eyeba I Is irusthaveslowed dcuin or sanetJiing Ime(tnt comic books started to p ile up faster thdn I could read them!Uith t

35、)(& development of socie ty tthe ab i1i ty of read ing becomes more and more i mportant.Uhen I uas a school boy I must have read euery ccmic look ever published. But a s I got o Ider J ny eyebdil Is must have sloucd douu or something 【mean J comic book s started to pile up faster than I cou Id read

36、themfWl th te dei*e lopmcnt af soc le ty he ability of read in my cyeba1 Is must have slowed doun or something I mean comic book s started to pi le up raster than 1 could read themTUitli the development of socie aLi1ity of reading becomes more and more importont”How to Refld FasterIt t unt i 1 micli

37、 later j when I uas study ing at co 1 league , I rea 1 ized that it wasnJ t my eye-balIs that had gone urong.Theyre still moving as ue11 as ever. The problem is that there1s too much to read these days, and too little time rea d euery IIORD ot i t. Ue must knou some methods to read f aster.Uhen I ua

38、s a schoo1 boy 1 must haue read every comic book ever pub 1 ished. But a s 1 got older*, my eyeba 11s must liaue sloued doun or something I meanj comic book s started to pi le up f aster than 1 could read. tlienlUli th thE deveiapmeri-t of socie ty,the abil ity of read ing becames more and more inpo

39、rtant.【存盘退出】Hou ta Read FasterIt wasTl* t until much later, uhen I us呂 studying at cd 1 leciguE. I rea 1 ised that i t uasnJ t my eye-ba 1that had yone wrong .They* re still moving fls ue 1 1ever .The problem isthere1s too nuch to read these days f andlittie ti me read eupry WflRT) nF it. Wr mtist k

40、nou snmfi mfithnrts tn read faster .When I uas a schoolboy I nust have read every comic book ever pub 1ished But a s I got o 1 der j my eyelial Is nust haue sloued down or something I mean t comic book s startert to pile up faster t I cnn Id rpart them tWi th i. he dftus 1 opment nf snr i p ty / the

41、 ab i 1 ity of reading becomes more and more importiint.【操作要求5】打开文件，复制第二行，并添加到文件的最后，删除第二行，存盘退出。【文本块操作命令 1】Houi toFasterUhen 【uas a schoolboy I must have read every comic book ever published. But a s I got oldermg eyeba 1 Is must have s loued doun or some thing I Mean, comic book s started to pile up f aster than I could read them*With the deuelopment ot soc ie tL|, the ab i 1 it