英美概况美国概况

1、1 The U.S.A 2 contents vPart one: Geography vPart two: History 3 Geography vChapter I: a general introduction vChapter II: population vChapter III: the fifty States vChapter IV: the development of American Economy vChapter V: the main cities 4 History vChapter I: colonization of North America vChapt

2、er II: the American War of Independence vChapter III: the growth of the Nation vChapter IV: the American Civil War vChapter V: the U.S Imperialism 2. The Grand Canyon, Arizona; 3. Yosemite National Park, California; 4. Redwoods forests along the coastline; 5. The Death Valley, California; 14 2.the T

3、hree Major River System 2. Northwestern pacific coast: 90% 3. The North: 4. The South: 25 Water resources Columbia River 4) the Gulf of Mexico 3. The characteristics of the population: 1) diversity- cultural pluralism 2) uniformity (assimilation) language habits 2) Major industries: p28 4. Main feat

4、ures of its economy 1) Highly monopolized featuring big corporations p27 2) Small enterprises are very important and essential p 28 47 Chapter IV the Main Cities 1. Washington D.C. 7. Houston 2. New York City 8. San Francisco 3. Chicago 9. Boston 4. Los Angeles 10. Pittsburgh 5. Philadelphia 11. St.

5、 Louis 6. Detroit 48 Washington D.C. 1.The position the capital the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system 2. location. 3. the name: 4. the Capital Hill, the Capitol. v the eastern shores of the present U.S. 88 C. French exploration St. Lawrence river, the great lakes, the w

6、hole Mississippi valley the first permanent colony : Quebec: D. Dutch explorations: Hudson River Manhattan 89 French exploration vPurify the corruptions in Roman Catholic Church as well as ones life and name; vSimplify Catholic ceremonies vLook upon fun - explain the philosophy behind the revolution

7、: B. significance: - marked the birth of a new nation: the United States 104 * men have a natural right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” * governments can rule only with “the consent of the governed” * any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the rights of the people.

8、 105 The Declaration of Independence vWe, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do , in the Name , and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnl

9、y publish and declare. 106 That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved ; and

10、that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right 107 v独立宣言独立宣言 v 我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权 力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、 而且名正言

11、顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国， 它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们 与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从 此完全废止。此完全废止。 v- 摘自摘自独立宣言独立宣言 108 Later, John Hancock refers to someones signature, so “your John Hancock” means your signature. “your John Hancock” 109 4. progress of the War: 1775-1783

12、1) the War in the north: the battle of Trenton The battle of Monmouth 2) The turning point of the War the victory of Saratoga: 3) Help from France a great diplomatic and military victory. 110 Saratoga Battle vTime: 1777 vGeneral Burgoyne v.s General Horatio Gates 111 4) The War in the West 5) The Wa

13、r in the South: - Yorktown battle: 6) Treaty of Paris Sep, 3rd, 1783. Canada Florida Mississippi 112 Yorktown Battle vTime: 1781 vCornwallis v.s Washington American-French Alliance 113 5. The significance:p69 6. The Confederation and the Constitution: 1) Confederation period, 1783-1789 2) the making

14、 of the Constitution, 1787 A. the background: B. the structure of the government: the executive the judicial the legislative House of Representative Senate 114 C. The Bill of Rights: Federalists Anti-federalists John Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson The First Ten Amendments - the Bill of Rights. 3)The fir

15、st two politic parties: the Federalists v.s the Republicans . 115 two aspects of American politics: - the need for a strong, efficient central authority - the need to ensure individual liberties. 116 Chapter III the growth of the nation 1. Washingtons Administration & the Federalists government 2. J

16、ohn Adams & the overthrow of Federalists 3. Thomas Jeffersons Administration 4. The War with England 1812-14 5. the Administration of James Monroe & John Adams 6. Andrew Jacksons Administration & the U.S. Mexican War 117 1. Washingtons Administration & the Federalists government: 1) the inauguration

17、 2) the establishment of Cabinet & the Supreme Court 3) measures strengthening central government & the conflicts between Federalists and Republicans 2. John Adams & the overthrow of Federalists 118 3. Jeffersons Administration 1) the first president inaugurated in Washington 2) took measures to dev

18、elop the young nation bought Louisiana from France 119 4. The War with England 1812-14 - the Second War of Independence 1) The background 2) Results: Treaty of Ghent 3) Significance: 120 5. the Administration of James Monroe & John Adams - three important issues: 1) slavery: 2) Monroe Doctrine 3) th

19、e Political Quarrel between E & W 121 6.Andrew Jacksons Administration & the U.S. Mexican War 1) Andrew Jacksons Administration: A. background B. the role Jackson played * promoting the progress of economy * maintain the unity of the Union * consolidating the capitalist regime 122 2) the U.S.-Mexica

20、n War(1846-1848): A. cause: expansionism B. nature: an aggressive war C. result: Mexico lost half of its territory 123 Geography vChapter I: a general introduction vChapter II: population vChapter III: the fifty States vChapter IV: the development of American Economy vChapter V: the main cities 124 Chapter II Population vThe composition of the population: vThe distribution of population: vThe characteristics of the population: 125 Chapter IV the Main Cities 1. Washington D.C. 7. Houston 2. New York City 8. San Francisco 3. Chicago 9. Boston 4. Los Angeles 10. Pittsburgh 5. Philadelphia 11. St