纪念胡塞尔（Commemorate Husserl）

1、纪念胡塞尔（Commemorate Husserl）In May 13, 2006, southern Germany, spring sunshine, flowers in the graveyard to Metz Kisch town of Heidegger, my friends and I drove through Freiburg city of the tomb of Edmund Husserl. Through the silence of the tomb area, we went to a simple grave, tomb name looked at it,

2、 and covered with grass spring tombstone. Sit down on the tombstone, omnipresent sunshine, let me feel very empty.In the two bunches of flowers I brought with me, I intended to place one of the larger beams on Husserls grave. From thousands of miles away to Germany, I was for the flowers to the tomb

3、 of Heidegger. And a larger bunch of flowers for Husserl I dont know very well, because, in my heart, this bouquet may be counted as my presumptuous offer of Heidegger to his mentor.As the founder of phenomenology, Husserls most valued pupil, Martin Heidegger, the phenomenological and existentialist

4、 master, did not attend the funeral of his mentor. In the time of Husserls death, Nazi Germany, dark clouds, and all over the world, come to bury Husserl students only one person. While being involved in the National Socialist morass of Heidegger, not only did not send the teacher away, but also the

5、 message being and time the most important philosophical work of the twentieth Century on the title to Husserl: to Edmund Husserl, father of friends - down. As a matter of fact, Platon and Aristotle split up in philosophy and thought in twentieth Century. Later Husserl, after reading an article by H

6、eidegger, wrote: I love my self with my friend, I love truth more.To a large extent, as we do today, in nineteenth Century and twentieth Century in Europe, truth has become an antique and a laughing stock of economic pragmatism and happiness. Husserls life, however, was a futile effort to write on t

7、he waters of the times. I firmly believe that truth is like a rock.!Know Edmund HusserlThe phenomenological method, the quantitative logic analysis method and the traditional dialectics of facing the nature of things are called the three major philosophical methods in the west. As the founder of phe

8、nomenology, German Jewish philosopher Husserl is the last one modern philosopher, he always maintained a belief in seventeenth Century: absolute truth exists, and is accessible to the.In the first World War, one of Husserls sons died, a son was shot in the head; followed by the demise of the Second

9、Reich, the Republic of Weimar, turbulence and confusion of the Third Reich, the rise of national socialism, anti Semitic campaign of genocide to development; he is the most excellent student, either as prime died of the front, or in exile a foreign country, or died in the Nazi concentration camps, a

10、nd joined the National Socialist party. Because of this, what surprised us most was that he could sketch his silent thinking formula on the ever flowing river of the times, and the man like fireworks was like a medieval monk.History itself is not an answer, but a flaw. As a Platon in the sense of id

11、eas, Husserl contempt of history in life, can not see the things of time. History, however, is the moment he can not shake off. Even it is in the face of violence and power of history that Husserl is on the battlefield of historical struggle. Husserl is worthy of the name of Western philosopher, wit

12、h the least Oriental thinking clues. Out of certainty, I couldnt breathe, earned him the nickname mad watchmaker. Over the course of his life, he was like a mad Swiss watchmaker, shouting, I need to be more precise, I need to be more precise.! In a time when pragmatism, cynicism and scepticism swept

13、 across Europe like contagion, Husserl asked us to see what pure western thought was,And this kind of thinking and mysticism meditation, ecstatic experience, the pursuit of harmony between man and nature and romantic poetry and other Oriental thinking incompatible.Husserl, 1859, was born in Austria

14、hungary. His early years in mathematics and physics, and his Ph. D. in 1881, provided him with a clear mind for mathematicians. His style of writing is like a complex mathematical equation that leaves outsiders dazzled and meticulous. Even those who dont know math will be awed by it. Of course, this

15、 also makes him somewhat like a cold be beneath the human character, geometry principle. It is because of the mathematical physics, mathematical discovery is unable to meet their pursuit of certainty, so only in Vienna in 1883 began to follow the philosopher and psychologist Brentano in philosophy,

16、then taught at the University of Freiburg, Gottingen and halle. Husserls pursuit of certainty in his life can be likened to his famous work, philosophy, as rigorous science.Husserl was later recognized achievements, he is the main force to cut off, fundamentally destroyed the psychological doctrine

17、(and relativism) absolute tyranny on European thought, and give a fatal blow to historical relativism. Husserl in his later years, because of his transcendental idealism and complete subjectivism, caused a short circuit between his refined method and his pursuit of the system, thus being criticized

18、constantly.Until death, Husserl insisted on the superiority of Western pure thought to Oriental empiricism. Of course, the biggest irony is that Husserl insists on Western thought, in accordance with its irresistible inner logic, has evolved into the extremely brutal war and genocide. Many see Husse

19、rls life as a tragedy, and much of it contains ridicule for him.Psychology is basicallyThe burden of philosophical spiritIn 1900, two classics were born in Europe, and their influence has continued so far. One is Sigmund Floyds introduction to psychoanalysis, and one is Edmund Husserls logic researc

20、h. In real life, Husserl never clashed with famous psychiatrists in Vienna. However, the two thinkers have the tendency of looking inward, and Freud turns to the human subconscious, and Husserl turns to human consciousness.The two Jews, however, showed a completely different trend: one was a psychol

21、ogical orientation, and the other was a strong anti - psychological tendency. Husserls first phenomenological work is the two volume of the logic study, and its first volume, the introduction of pure logic, has turned to strong logic against any form of psychology. Here he expresses his firm opposit

22、ion to relativism, pragmatism, and even egoism, which is the criterion of truth contained in the psychology. I have been suffering from a strong lack of clarity and lingering doubts, Husserl wrote in his diary years later. There is only one need to attract me: I must win clarity, or I will not live;

23、 unless I believe I can achieve clarity, I will not be able to bear life.The pursuit of clarity and certainty is a major factor in the development of phenomenology or its birth. The greatest ambiguities, ambiguities, and ambiguities are reflected in psychology and relativism. Husserl believes that t

24、here are two kinds of psychological history of relativism, a is an individual psychological doctrine, that the truth is a psychological state of others, so different people have different truth, on behalf of the earliest ancient skepticism, the direction of psychology and relativism, making the trut

25、h become the product of psychological and emotional everyone; another is the Anthropology of psychology, that truth is by common human psychological and physiological organization decision, on behalf of some protagonist Neo Kantian, the direction of psychology and relativism is the truth to this one

26、 and that one day the mood is good or bad, but the truth to different age, different nationalities, different cultures.Nitzsch, a philosopher who had fallen on the threshold of 1900, had predicted: there is an uninvited guest who has already stood at the door of Europe. His name is nihilism. The fir

27、st and second world wars broke out one after another, and the human Holocaust and civilized suicide, which took Europe as the center, swept through the world, proved that Nietzsche was inevitably involved in the total outbreak of nihilism in Christianity and europe. The late Husserls accession to th

28、e WTO to hitherto unknown attitude, the crisis of European science sounding the alarm, but is not an inevitable outcome of a mantis trying to stop a chariot, may prevent the psychologism and relativism: different countries, different nationalities, different races, different parties and different le

29、aders in different needs, can have different the truth, but for my own truth to world war is no ground for blame.Husserl proved by great argument that psychology confuses the laws of nature and the laws of logic. If the laws of logic depend on human psychology, then its absolute validity becomes a p

30、roblem. Because we can not guarantee that human psychology will not change, this can only lead to relativism. Its like a wonderful analogy by Russell, the master of logic philosophy, that a chicken can link two things, the masters appearance and something to eat, because the host feeds him every day

31、. But the chickens reasoning was completely broken the day the owner killed him. Husserl believes that pure logic, regardless of what happens in the real world, remains absolutely valid. Truth itself is not a thing, but an idea, a timeless existence of time.In order to replace the logical mentality,

32、 making this summer 2+3=5 established such a truth, to a future of winter snow or night, probably because of human evolution or psychological change into 2+3=7. The problem of truth turns into a product of brain activity and even the result of adrenal secretion. In this way, different people and dif

33、ferent nationalities have different laws and axioms. The law of contradiction and law of excluded middle, no universal validity of the law of identity, according to different periods or different latitude and longitude, the same logic can is really fake again.In this way, Husserl said, the judgment

34、of psychology and relativism itself becomes true as well as false. It is obviously impossible for me to be suspicious of everything, because the judgment act itself is undoubtedly in the making of all suspicious judgments. Once you understand this, adhere to universal doubt will lead to ridiculous.

35、For in any doubt the suspicion itself is certain. No process of thinking is anything like that. So, at least in the ideological level, Husserl with its very clear logical mind, reveals the psychologism and relativism contradictory, to cut the Gordian knot of the potential end of psychologism sophist

36、ry.In the history of the world in brackets.Who saw the moon on the river bank?,Jiang He early morning according to people.Life has passed from generation to generation,The river moon is similar every year.This is the four poem by Zhang Ruoxu, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, Moonlight on spring ri

37、ver. This is the first Wen Yiduo was known as the palace poetry themes Gongti poetry, elaborate in profusion, contains profound thinking. It can be said that these four poems are very helpful to understand the essence of Husserls phenomenology, which is the questioning of the first person in Europea

38、n philosophical tradition.The river first looked up and saw the moon people (and the first to realize her looking at the moon, the first person consciousness) person doesnt refer to the history, the sense of time, does not refer to the first apes first saw the moon, but refers to the birth of self c

39、onsciousness and reflective consciousness Heidegger said, about what people actually exist and not exist infinite surprise. Any one who issues this eternal question is regarded as the first person to see the river moon, and it is also the first time illuminated by Jiang river,Is the philosophy of th

40、e first man. Modern philosophy has by classical philosophy is the first person, what to just what people what to do after Husserl, with its anti historicism, became the last for eternity first person problem and deplorable ontology philosophers.To the Husserl who holds the essence of logic, after th

41、e end of the rule of psychology, it is the turn to defeat the invasion of the world of truth by historicism. Love for the historical proof Guazaizuibian the Chinese, Husserls anti historicism can be said to have a thorough a fundamental solution. In Husserl, history has never been a priority. On the

42、 contrary, history is a factor in the world, a ladder, and a level in the physical world. History itself is not an answer, but a flaw.This is consistent with his attack on the psychology of Husserl, who believes that the appeal to history is to entrust the truth to the accidental experience world. A

43、nd Historicism or empiricism will probably turn upside down after 100 or even 10 years. As for universal truth, we can neither resort to psychological activities nor resort to historical facts, but appeal to the essential intuition of transcendental existence - in fact, eternal truth. It is not diff

44、icult for the Chinese to understand this. This is a bit like the Buddhist philosophy of nature, or you, against humanity. A bit like the science of Cheng Zhu justice, or Wang Yangmings conscience: everyone has a congenital, transcendental conscience, even before your parents were born you and me, th

45、at justice are eternal shift. This eternal truth was not only changed by the Xia, Shang, Qin, Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, but even as the Buddha said: before the birth of the Buddha, the universe has been running the eternal classics.Therefore, as Husserl said, historical objectivity cannot be ded

46、uced from historical facts. For example, we all know that the axiom that the shortest line between two points cannot be summed up from historical facts, or you have to measure the distance between all two points in space. Similarly, the triangle equals 180 degrees, can not be proved by the fact that

47、 through experience, unless you measure all triangles. The mathematical or geometrical axiom is the best example of resorting to the essence of intuition.Therefore, the core problem of philosophy the first person is neither in the historical category nor in the prehistory category. Whether human bei

48、ngs originated in Africa or Mars is not a philosophical problem, but a matter of history and archaeology. So, how can we be the first person to see the moon on the river?Here, we met Husserls unique phenomenological reduction means to judge the suspension, the history, archaeology, anthropology, phy

49、sics and other scientific experience all put into use, in brackets. Phenomenological reduction can be said to be a kind of subtraction, which is to reduce all opinions, premises, traditions and beliefs that are blind in the phenomenal world. In fact, it inherited the Cartesian I think therefore I am

50、 deductive process like a Buddhist eight defense heart: to the time back to the time, belonging to the space back to space, to return to the material material, color, sound, taste, touch, hearing, one is general for the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind, such a road cut down, finally cant give

51、 you stay, naturally do not belong to you; and the last remaining cannot lose, not who are you again? (no, thou art, nature is not thee; but thou, who is thou? ) of course, this can not be reduced to the surplus, that is, the real me, the original me, eternal me.Life world or art world?Recently, in

52、the ancient tradition, Chinese scholars with Zen Buddhism means Husserl phenomenology awfully. A pile of paper into Buddhist Dharmalaksana, Buddha note nonsense; it was simply to dharma,The phenomenology found a Ancient Chinese Literature Search Renaissance broad road. This is reminiscent of Buddhis

53、t allusions to merely nominal. The term often used in Buddhas parlance means the tortoises fur, the rabbits horn - something that does not exist and needs no comment.Between Buddhism and phenomenology, much cling to place. For example, Husserls position can be set on the classic famous Leng Yan to W

54、eicheng into land, according to the empty world: the wisdom of pure clean, because the mind move and condensed into the land; four of the air in a dust heart on the occasion of a material world. However, in India, and the thought of Greek thought so jingwei.That is to say, the Buddha ignored, Husser

55、l attaches great importance to merely nominal. Attention to imaginative fiction can be said to be the most advanced training in phenomenology. We should know that phenomenological phenomena means not the material world, but the manifest of the material world in our consciousness. For phenomenology,

56、there is a house by the river can be true; but I see a house by the river, but it is true. For even though this is an illusion, the illusion itself is unmistakable. A turtle has no hair, but a rabbit has no horns. For this reason, concentrating on the idea of a long haired tortoise, a long horned ra

57、bbit is a real discipline in the construction of conscious functions.This is most obvious in the art world, because imagination, association, memory and fiction are the essential elements of consciousness and the soul of artistic creation. The events of experience in our daily life are intermittent

58、and have no logical or temporal associations; imagination, recollection, fiction, and association link them together. Without the consciousness of imagination, only fragments can not form the unity of self.Husserl said: all in the essential Sciences (of course phenomenological included), our reproduction and free imagination are the top priority. It takes a great deal of precedence over perception, even in the phenomenology of perception itself. The world without imagination is not the world. Regardless of the surreal world o