英语直接引语和间接引语

1、2021/3/111 2021/3/112 ChuShui Experimental School Wang Guizhong 2021/3/113 Direct Speech and Reported Speech 引语的概念引语的概念 直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;_; 直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语 直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来， 引号引号“ ” “ ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。 宾语从句宾语从句 2021/3/114 eg: He

2、says : “I like English.” He says that he likes English. v注意：注意： says 在间接引语中做引用动词。在间接引语中做引用动词。 句中引用动词句中引用动词says为一般现在时。为一般现在时。 v定义：定义： 引用动词：用来引导间接引语的动词引用动词：用来引导间接引语的动词. v用法用法: 当句中的引用动词为一般现在时的时候，当句中的引用动词为一般现在时的时候， 将直接引语改为间接引语时将直接引语改为间接引语时,时态保持不变。时态保持不变。 2021/3/115 vHe says : “ He says : “ I I cleaned t

3、he floor.”cleaned the floor.” vHe says He says that that hehe cleaned the floor. cleaned the floor. vThe teacher tells us : “ The teacher tells us : “ The earth The earth moves around the sun moves around the sun . ”. ” vThe teacher tells usThe teacher tells us that the earth that the earth moves ar

4、ound the sun.moves around the sun. v总结：总结： v当引用动词为一般现在时的时候，将直接引语变当引用动词为一般现在时的时候，将直接引语变 为间接引语的时候，只有人称发生了改变。为间接引语的时候，只有人称发生了改变。 2021/3/116 Direct Speech Reported Speech She said, “I like singing. ” She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” She said, “I visited Europe last year.” She said, “I have never met

5、an American.” She said, “I will see you next week.” She said she liked singing. She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before. She said she had never met an American. She said she would see me the next week. 2021/3/117 Note :Note : 1. 1. 直接引语是陈述句直接引语是陈述句, ,变为间接引

6、语时用连变为间接引语时用连 词词thatthat引导宾语从句引导宾语从句. . 2. 2. 当引用动词为一般过去时的时候，从句当引用动词为一般过去时的时候，从句 中的中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、 地点状语地点状语等相应变化等相应变化. . 2021/3/118 、人称的变化、人称的变化 口诀说明直接引语间接引语 一一 随随 主主 二随宾二随宾 第三第三 人称人称 不变不变 引号内的第一人引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保句主语的人称保 持一致持一致 引号内的第二人引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保句宾语

7、的人称保 持一致持一致 引号内的第三人引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人称在变间引后人 称不变称不变 She said, “ I like Tennis.” She said that she liked tennis. He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.” He told Lily that she must get up early. She said to me ,“ They want to help him.” She told me that they wanted to help him. 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第

8、三人称不更新 2021/3/119 v一随主：将直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语一随主：将直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语 主语为第一人称的时候，要随主语变化。主语为第一人称的时候，要随主语变化。 v二随宾：将直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语二随宾：将直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语 主语为第二人称的时候，要随宾语变化。主语为第二人称的时候，要随宾语变化。 v第三人称不更新：将直接引语变为间接引语时，第三人称不更新：将直接引语变为间接引语时， 直接引语主语为第三人称的时候，不发生变化。直接引语主语为第三人称的时候，不发生变化。 2021/3/1110 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语 一般现

9、在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.” The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth. 注注: : 直引若是客观真理直引若是客观真理, ,变为间引时变为间引时, ,时态不变时态不变. . 时态变化 2 2 2021/3/1111 直接引语直接引语 间接引语

10、间接引语 指示指示代词代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next/following day next month the next/following

11、 month here there come, go,bring take 情态动词情态动词 can, may, must could,might,had to 2021/3/1112 Direct Speech Reported Speech She asked me whetherif I had seen the film. He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?” He asked John ifwhether he was a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off. He asked th

12、em, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?” He asked them who had given them a talk the day before. 2021/3/1113 直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时， 要从疑问语序变为要从疑问语序变为陈述语序陈述语序。 直接引语是一般疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句, ,变为间接引变为间接引 语时语时, ,用连词用连词 if 或或 whether 连接。连接。 直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句, ,变为间接引变为间接引 语时语时, ,仍用仍用原来原来的疑问词的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词

13、来引导。 Note : 2021/3/1114 Direct Speech Reported Speech “Never do that again,” the teacher said The policeman ordered us to be quiet. The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.” The teacher told the boy to open the window The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .” The teacher told me not /never to do that

14、 again “Wait a moment” she said to them. She asked them to wait a moment . 2021/3/1115 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语， 把动词原形变成把动词原形变成动词不定式动词不定式，并在动词不，并在动词不 定定式式前加前加tell, ask, order , advise等等 动词的宾语。动词的宾语。 注意：注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加否定句，在动词不定式前加 not或或never. . Note : 2021/3/1116 解题步骤解题步骤 : : 1.1.陈述句陈述句 “I don

15、t like computers,” Sandy said to her friends. Sandy said to her friends that I dont like computers. saiddidnt she Sandy said to her friends that she didnt like computers. 2021/3/1117 2.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句: : Is it easy to work out the problem? ( They asked him ) They asked himif It is easy to work out the

16、problem. it is easy to work out the problem. asked iswas They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem. 2021/3/1118 3.3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ) They asked himwhen you harvest the wheat you harvest the wheat. harvested They asked him when he harvested t

17、he wheat. 2021/3/1119 4.4.祈使句祈使句 Little boy, put on your coat. (They ordered ) They ordered Little boy Little boy, put on your coat. put on your coat. They ordered the little boy to put on his coat. 2021/3/1120 注意事项 1) 1) 人称人称 2) 2) 时态时态 3) 3) 相应的时间地点状语相应的时间地点状语 4) 4) 标点符号标点符号 5 5） 大小写大小写 6 6） 问号改为句

18、号问号改为句号 7 7） 语序语序-疑问改陈述疑问改陈述 8 8） 宾语从句由什么引出宾语从句由什么引出 9) 9) 祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述祈使句要使用动词不定式来引述 2021/3/1121 Exercises : 1). Betty says to Harry, I want to borrow your book.” 2).My teacher said , “she is a good student.” Betty says to Harry (that) she wants to borrow his Book. My teacher said that she was a

19、good student. 2021/3/1122 3) She asked me,” Do you agree with me?” 4) Anne asked her mother, “Is there any delicious food to eat?” She asked me if I agreed with her. Anne asked her mother if there was any delicious food to eat. 2021/3/1123 5) “ What are you going to do?” he asked. 6）“How do you go t

20、o school every day?” asked Mr. Zhang. He asked me what I was going to do. Mr. Zhang asked how I went to school everyday. 2021/3/1124 7). Mom said,“ Dont chat with strangers” 8). “ Go shopping with me, please?” said Mr. Wang . Mom told me not to chat with strangers. Mr. Wang asked me to go shopping w

21、ith him. 2021/3/1125 v1. Your classmates will visit Miss Wang this 1. Your classmates will visit Miss Wang this Sunday. Mr Li said to me.Sunday. Mr Li said to me. vMr Li told me Mr Li told me . . v2. Light travels much faster than sound. 2. Light travels much faster than sound. Everybody in our clas

22、s knew .Everybody in our class knew . vEverybody in our classknew_.Everybody in our classknew_. v3. Please take good care of my dog when I 3. Please take good care of my dog when I am away. Mrs White said to her.am away. Mrs White said to her. v Mrs White Mrs White her her . . v4. The doctor said to

23、 me, dont smoke any 4. The doctor said to me, dont smoke any more. more. vThe doctor _The doctor _ _ . . v5.Jack, could you open the window for me, 5.Jack, could you open the window for me, please? Mr Smith said.please? Mr Smith said. vMr Smith _ Jack _the Mr Smith _ Jack _the window window . . 2021

24、/3/1126 v6. What time did he get up this morning? 6. What time did he get up this morning? Please tell usPlease tell us vPlease tell us _Please tell us _ _ _._. v7. Our classteacher said to him yesterday, 7. Our classteacher said to him yesterday, please come early next time.please come early next t

25、ime. Yesterday our classteacher _ him Yesterday our classteacher _ him _ _. _. v8. Can you come here at once? The 8. Can you come here at once? The manager asked Kate on the phone.manager asked Kate on the phone. v The manager asked Kate on the The manager asked Kate on the phone phone . . v9. The police want to find out, Is there a 9. The police want to find out, Is there a picture of the lost boy in the newspaper?picture of the lost boy in the newspaper? v The police wants to find The police wants to find out out . . 2021/3/1127 v一、按要求完成下列各