Unit 1 Grammar直接引语间接引语

1、 直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语 由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四四个变化个变化 时态变化时态变化 人称变化人称变化 状语变化（时间状语和地点状语）状语变化（时间状语和地点状语） 句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和 祈使句）祈使句） 直接引语时态直接引语时态 间接引语时态间接引语时态 一般一般现在现在时时一般一般过去过去时时 现在现在进行时进行时过去过去进行时进行时 现在现在完成时完成时过去过去完成时完成时 一般一般将来时将来时过去过去将来时将来时 现在现在完成进行时完成进行时过去过去完成进行时完成进行时 一

2、般一般过去时过去时过去过去完成时完成时 u直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况 当直接引语是客观真理时当直接引语是客观真理时。 当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状 语时。语时。 当直接引语是过去完成时态时当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般 将来时态时。将来时态时。 当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。 当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。 He said,“The ear

3、th goes around the sun.” u He said that the earth goes around the sun Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ” uMr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972. She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ” She said they had left when she arrived there. She says, “Miss Liu is

4、good at English.” She says Miss Liu is good at English. He said, “ Where there is a will,there is a way. ” He said that where there is a will,there is a way. He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.” He said that the plane takes off at 6:30 am. “I was driving carefully when my car hit the tree.”He

5、told the police. He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.” 注意注意 主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时，主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时， 从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成 时。时。 2.2.人称变化人称变化 直接 引语 代词 I weyoumeusthisthese 间接 引语 代词 he/ she theyIhim/ her themthatthose He said,“I like it very much.

6、” He said that he liked it very much. He said to me,“Ive left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room. 直接引语中的状语直接引语中的状语 now ago today this morning/ this week yesterday yesterday morning tomorrow last week/month next week/month here 3. 状语变化状语变化 间接引语中的状语间接引语中的状语 then bef

7、ore/earlier that day that morning/week the day before the morning before the next day/the following day the week/ month before the following/ next week/month. there She said to me,“I lived there five years ago.” She told me she had lived there five years before. She said to me,“I will see her next w

8、eek.” She told me she would see her the next week. 4.4.句型变化句型变化 直接引语为陈述句时变间接引语的句型变化：直接引语为陈述句时变间接引语的句型变化： 直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从 属连词属连词that（在口语中可省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常（在口语中可省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常 用用say、tell等，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、等，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、 地点状语等都要作相应的变化地点状语等都要作相应的变化 “

9、Im tired,”he said. He said (that) he was tired. Jim said, “Ive read Tony s book and I didnt understand it.” Jim said (that) he had read Tony s book and he didnt understand it. 直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化：直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化： 直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、 时态和状语等方面相应变化外，还应注意：时态和状语等方面相应变化外，还

10、应注意： 间接引语应改为陈述语序。间接引语应改为陈述语序。 特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。 一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连 词词whether(或或if)。 n “Is there something wrong,Madam?”asked the policeman. The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was something wrong. n She asked, “What is it? Whats going to happ

11、en now?” She asked what it was and what was going to happen then. n “Its Mary,isnt it?”asked Jane. Jane asked whether it was Mary. “Is it Mary or Lucy?”asked Jane. Jane asked whether it was Mary or Lucy. 注意注意 Whether 可与or not 连用, 表示一种选择。而if 则不可。 He wants to know whether or not we went to dinner. 当疑问

12、词作主语时，间接引语的语序不变。当疑问词作主语时，间接引语的语序不变。 “Whats the matter with you?”said the doctor. The doctor asked whats the matter with me. My brother said to me, “Im going to have a holiday next week. My brother told me he was going to have a holiday the next week. Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the roo

13、m?” Mother asked me what I was doing in the room. He asked , “Can I borrow your bike?” He asked whether/if he could borrow my bike. Tom said to me, “Do you like football?” Tom asked me whether/if I liked football. The visitor _that he _very glad to visit our country. A. said ; was B.said ; had been C. told ; was D.spoke ; had been 答案答案：A He said, “These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before. “ Ill finish my work tomorrow,”she said. She said that she would finish her work the next day