(完整版)人教版七年级下英语(unit4)知识点总结全.doc

1、(完整版)人教版七年级下英语(unit4)知识点总结全初一英语个性化辅导ReviewofUnit4【主要语法】一、知识点1、定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。2、祈使句的结构：通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头末尾可用句号或感叹号。2、特点：祈使句没有疑问句的形式一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。Goandwashyourhands.表(命令)Bequite,please.（Pleasebequiet）.（表请求）Bekindtoyoursister.（表劝告）Watchyoursteps（.表警告）Noparking.(表禁止)二、重点：祈使句的不同形式(1)V型：

2、即以实义动词开头的祈使句这种祈使句的常用结构为：动词原形（v）+宾语（+其他）Eg:把门关上。_thedoor.起立！_up!(2）B型：即以系动词be开头的祈使句这种祈使句的常用结构：be+形容词/名词Eg:做个好学生。_agoodstudent.安静！_!(3）L型：即let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）Eg:让我来读吧_readit.咱们去爬山吧_gotothemountains.4）D型：即祈使句的否定形式（一般在动词上否定也可以用否定副词never）来表示）A.Dontbe+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语）Eg:别生气！_angry.不要迟到。_late.Successbelo

3、ngstothepersevering-1-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.注意：在这种句型中be不能省略否定副词not不可置于be之后Dont+动词原形+其他Eg:别在教室里吃东西。_intheclassroom.别像那样和父母亲讲话_yourparentslikethat!C.Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式a.Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他Lethernotdothat.Letsnotthinkaboutit.Itsonlyawasteoftime.b.Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其他DontletJimdothat.Dontletusgo,pleas

4、e.三、难点:1、特殊形式的祈使句(1)在公共场合的提示语中否定祈使句常用“No名词/V-ing形式”结构表示“禁止做某事”。Eg:不许停车！Noparking!禁止游泳！_!不许交谈！_!(2).在表达请求或劝告时有时为了表示委婉的语气可以在句首或句末please但是如果please加在句末应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。Eg:请进Please_.=_,please.请坐Please_.=_,please.(3).在意思比较明显的情况下可以把谓语动词省略。Thisway,please.(4).有时为了加强语气可以在动词前使用do.Dobecareful！一定要小心！(5).有时为了强调对方也可

5、加上主语you人名或everybody,anybody等不定代词。YousweepthefloorandIcleanthewindow.Standup,everybody.Successbelongstothepersevering-2-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.(6).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令可加称呼语但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。Puttheshirtonthebed,Jim.2、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作所以回答祈使句时一般用willwont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时要注意两点：形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与w

6、ont保持一致)意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。在回答时要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：-Dontgoout,please.Itsrainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。-Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行我得去机场接我弟弟。三、考点：祈使句用于两个重要句型中(1）“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。Eg:Hurryupandyoullcatchthetrain.Studyhardandyoucanmakeprogresseveryday.2）“祈使句+o

7、r(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。Eg:Hurryuporyoullmissthetrain考题精选1.Please_,theyrehavingameeting.A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.mustnttalkD.nospeaking2._tomeetmeatthestation.Illbewaitingthere.A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.ForgetnotD.Dontforget3.Dontforgettoetomybirthdaypartytomorrow-I._.A.dontB.won

8、tC.cantD.havent4.Ifyouaretired,_arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had5._mego.Itisveryimportantforme.Successbelongstothepersevering-3-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.A.DoletB.LetdoC.DoingletD.Todolet6.Heisnothonest._believehim.A.NotB.DontC.TonotD.Notto7._upearlytomorrow,oryoucantcatchthetrain.A.GettingB.GetC

9、.TogetD.Got8._inthestreet.Itsdangerous.A.NotplayB.NottoplayC.DontplayD.Donttoplay9.Please_mesomemoney,willyou?A.lendB.lendingC.borrowD.borrowing10.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please_seated.A.beB.areC.isD.being11._downtheradio.Thebabysasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn12.Lucy,_thedoororsom

10、eonewillein.A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing13._andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.A.LetsnottogoB.LetsnotgoC.LetsdontgoD.Notletsgo14.Asignwiththewords“_”isoftenfoundinabus.A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking15._ChineseinyouEnglishclass.A.NotspeakB.DontspeakC.SpeaknotD.Dontspeaking16

11、._theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept17.TheTVistooloud.Please_.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit18._crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturnsgreen.A.NotB.WontC.DoesntD.Dont19.Doyouknowthegirl_underthetree?A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood20.Kate,_yourhomeworkher

12、etomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringingSuccessbelongstothepersevering-4-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。Itsanimportantmeeting._(not,be)late._(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping._(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_(be)polite._(not,talk)and_(read)aloud._(not,leave)yourhomeworkf

13、ortomorrow,Larry._(look)out!Acarising._(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike._(not,let)thebabycry.Wearmoreclothesoryou_(catch)acold.Lets_(not,say)anythingaboutit.三、句型转换11.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?（改为祈使句）_againmoreslowly,please.12.Ifyoudontlistentome,Illgo.（改为同义句）_me,orIllgo.13

14、.Letswatchthesportsgames.（改为反意疑问句）Letswatchthesportsgames,_?14.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless（.改为祈使句）_careless,please.15.PleasesitnexttoNancy.（改为否定句）_nexttoNancy.16.Dontforgettoturnoffthelights,please.（改为反意疑问句）Dontforgettoturnoffthelights,_?17.Ifyoumove,youlldie.(改为同义句）_,oryoulldie.1

15、8.etomyhousetomorrow.(改为反意疑问句）etomyhousetomorrow,_?这是一个坏了的被子。(翻译句子）Thisisa_.20.让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）Letsgoandhelpthe_,please.Successbelongstothepersevering-5-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【重点词组及短语】schoolrules学校章制度break（fallow/keep）therules反(遵守)章制度arrivelateforclass=belateforclass上到dininghall餐inclass在堂

16、上ontime准（intime及）eatintheclassroom在教室里吃西wearahat(hats)戴帽子listento?听?schooluniforms校服wearuniforms穿制服Isee我明白了havetodo不得不做be（keep）quiet保持安静accordingto根据依据make（up）ruler制share（sth）withsb和某人分享（）onschooldays在上学期onschoolnights在校期的晚上practice(playing)thepiano琴goout外出seefriends看望朋友clean(ones)room打房dothedishes洗

17、餐具toomany/much太多的(可数/不可数)make(ones)bed床gotobed去睡（beinbed在床上）bestrict(withsb)某人）要求格thinkabout(sb/sth/doingsth)考（某人/某物/做某事）learntodosth学（做某事）Donttalk.=Notalking.不要。【知识点解析】1.Dontfight.不要打架。fight作意“打架、打仗”。其去式fought.(1)fightfor“而斗争”后面常接抽象名表示事、自由等而斗争。Eg:Theyarefightingforfreedom.他正自由而。(2)fightagainst“反而斗”

18、后接事物名、人和国家名。Eg:Theyfoughtagainsttheenemy他.和人作。(3)fightwith“和打架”“同（并肩）斗”后只接表示人或国家的名。Eg:Dontfightwithhim.不要和他打架。【典型例】Theyfought_theItaliansinthelastwar,but_theminthiswar.A.with;withB.with;forC.against;againstD.with;against2.Ms./Mrs./Miss.(1)Ms.：“女士”用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。(2)Mrs.：“夫人”用于已婚女子姓前。Successbel

19、ongstothepersevering-6-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Madam:也用于已婚女子意“夫人、女士”一般独使用不与姓用(3)Miss.：“小姐”用于未婚女子姓前常用于年的女教的姓前可“老”。3.辨析：getto/reach/arrive相同点：都是“到达“的意思不同点：getto+地点；reach+地点arriveat+小地点（站等）；arrivein+大地点（国家等）注意：(1).getto与地点副（here/there/home?）不用介toEg:IwanttogotoBeijing.Igothomeat15:00.我下午三点到的家。(2).ar

20、rive是不及物后面若接地点名要和in/at用接地点副不用介。Eg:Iarrivedhomeat15:00.=Igothomeat15:00.HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday他.昨天到的上海。Hearrivedyesterday他.昨天到的。(3).reach是及物后面直接接地点名或副。Eg:Whenwilltheyreachhere?【典型例】-Whattimedidtheteam_thetopofthemountain?-Atabout4:30p.m.A.eB.goC.arriveD.arriveat4.Ontime和intime(1)ontime“准按”指按定的刻

21、不早不晚。Eg:Healwaysgotoschoolontime他.是按上学。(2)intime“及”指没有到充裕。Eg:Firemanreachedthehouseonfireintime消.防及赶到那幢失火的房子。5.hear、listen和sound都有“听”的意思但三者是有区的：(1)hear“听”重于“听”的内容。Eg:Imsorrytohearthatyouareill.听你生病了我很。Ineverheardsuchaninterestingstory.我从来没听么有趣的一个故事。(2)listen“听”重于“听”一作。Eg:Listentomecarefully.真听我。Succ

22、essbelongstothepersevering-7-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Thechildrenliketolistentomusic.孩子喜听音。(3)sound“听起来”它是系后面接形容等。Eg:Thatsoundsgreat.那听起来真不。Itsoundslikefun.听起来挺有趣。【典型例】_carefully,oryouarenotableto_anything.(beabletodosth能做)A.Hear;listenB.Listen;hearC.Hear;listenD.Listen;listen6.辨析take,bring(1)tak

23、e“走拿走”指把西从地到的地方。Eg:Canyouhelpmetotakethebookstotheclassroom?你能帮我把些到教室里去？(2)bring“来”指把西从到地。Eg:Bringyourhomeworkheretomorrow,please.你明天把作到儿来。【典型例】_awaythisdirtyshirtand_meacleanone.A.Take;bringB.Take;takeC.Bring;takeD.Bring;bringstrict是形容意“格的”；“的”通常与be用。(1)bestrictwithsb“某人”Eg:Mr.Whiteisverystrictwith

24、us.特先生我要求很格。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.我自己要求格。(2)bestrictin(doing)sth“某事要求格”Eg:Ourbossisstrictinourwork.我的老板我的工作要求格。8.remember“得住”是及物可以直接加名。(1)rememberdoingsth得已做某事（已做）Eg:Irememberseeinghimonce我.得他一次。(2)remembertodosth得要做某事（没做）Eg:Remembertoposttheletterforme.得我寄封信。forget“忘忘了”作remember反用法和remember

25、相同。9.help作意“帮助”常用的构有：(1)helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事(2)helpsbwithsth(n.)帮助某人做某事Eg:Ioftenhelphimwithhislessons.我常帮他学功。(3)helponeself(myself/yourself/herself)to+n.随便用Successbelongstothepersevering-8-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Eg:Pleasehelpyourselvestosomefruit请.随便吃些水果。help还可作名词表示“帮助”是不可数。10.toomany,toomuch

26、与muchtoo易混词组意义及用法例句toomany形容词“太太多”接可数Therearetoomanypeopleinthe名词park.toomuch形容词“太多”接不可数名Ihavetoomuchhomeworktoday.词muchtoo副词“太非常”接形容词Mymotherismuchtoobusy.或副词【典型例题】Ihave_skirtsandthisoneis_largeforme,soyoucantakeitifyoulike.A.toomany;toomuchB.toomuch;muchtooC.toomany;muchtoo11.either,too与also易混词意义及

27、用法例句either“也”用于否定句中置于句末时用Iwontgothere,either.“”隔开too“也”用于肯定句句末用“”隔开Ilikedancing,too.also“也”用于肯定句句中IalsolikeEnglish.【典型例题】Idontlikeher,_.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.to10.havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得开心过得愉快12.beinbed“在床上、卧床”in和bed之间不能用冠词bed也不用复数。Eg:Heisinbedfor10years.他卧床10年了。Davehastobeinbedearlyever

28、ynight大.卫每晚必须很早睡觉。.13.Notalking!“禁止交谈。”no后面加上名词或动名词doing也表示不要做某事。与dont+do的用法相似。Eg:Nowetumbrellas!/Dontputwetumbrellashere!禁止放湿雨伞Nofood!Donteatfoodhere!禁止吃食物Nosmoking!Dontsmokehere!禁止吸烟14.wear,puton,bein,dressSuccessbelongstothepersevering-9-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.1）wear是它的意思是“穿”它表示状。eg：Myfather

29、wearsaT-shirttoday.我爸爸今天穿着T恤衫。2）puton的意思是“穿上、戴上”它表示作。eg:Itscoldoutside,putonyourcoatplease外面.非常冷穿上你的大衣。3）dress作表示“穿衣”后接反身代或人也可以不接。eg：Canyoudressthebabyforme?你能帮我孩子穿衣服？4）bein表示穿着的状后接色或服装。例如：Thegirlinredismysister.穿衣服的女孩是我姐姐。Thegirlinhatisverybeautiful.戴帽子的女孩儿很漂亮。15.Importantadj.重要的Itsimportanttodosth

30、.做.很重要16.Outside1）outside副意“在外面”反是inside。Eg:Dontgooutside.Itstoo不要cold到外.面去天气太冷了。2）outside可以做介意“在外面”。Eg:Thereisanewcaroutsidethehouse房.子外有一新。3)outside作名意“外部外表”。Theoutsideofthehouseisred.个房子的外部是色的。辨析：作副out与outside的区out副意“外出出来”其反in。outside副作副意“在外面在外”等其反inside。拓展：goout的用法1）外出或者指“参加社交活外出交或”。例如：Marygoeso

31、utalotonSundays.每逢周日的酬非常多。2）出去。例如：Letsgooutforawalk.我出去散步吧。3）出国移居国外。例如：HewentouttoCanadatwoyearsago.他两年前移居加拿大了。4）不流行。例如：Thiskindofshoeswentoutlastyear.款鞋去年就了。17.before,agoSuccessbelongstothepersevering-10-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.二者意思相似但用法很不一样。ago通常和一般过去时态的动词连用前面是一个表示时间段的词或短语。eg：Westartedourclass

32、abouttenminutesago.我们大约十分钟前开始上课的。(不能说before)before通常用来表示在某个时间点之前。eg：Westartedourclassbeforeeightoclock.我们八点前开始上课的。(不能说eightoclockago)Theycameherebeforethisweek他.们是这个星期前到这儿的。(不能说thisweekago)另外before可以单独用作状语而ago则不能这样用。Eg:Ireadaboutitinanewspaperbefore我.以前在一张报纸上看到过这件事。(不能用ago)18.Learn,study(1)learn虽然可指

33、学习的过程但更侧重指学到的成果因此常译为“学到”、“学会”；而study则侧重指学习过程。Eg:HestudiedhardandlearnedEnglishverywell.他努力学习把英语学得很好。(2)learn多用于学习的初级阶段或带有模仿性的操作技艺等；而study则常用于较高深或周密的研究。Eg:Ihadtolearnatradeattheageofseven我.在7岁时就不得不去学做生意。Thisquestionshouldbecarefullystudied.这个问题必须认真研究。19.Keep“keep+sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句式中的k

34、eep是动词意为“保留保存保持”。Eg:Toomuchworkkeepsmebusyandtired.太多的工作让我忙碌而且疲惫。Wemustkeeptheclassclean.我们必须保持教室干净。拓展：keep常见的其他用法1）“keep+形容词”意为“保持某种状态”。例如：Keepquiet,please!请保持安静!2）“keepsb.doingsth”.表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事”。例如：Hekeptmewaitingforanhour.他让我等了一个小时。20.“必须”考查must与haveto在英语中must与haveto都可以表示“必须”但其用法有所不同。must表示说话人

35、的主观看法认为有义务有必要。如：我们必须努力工作。（是我们要这样做的）We_.Successbelongstothepersevering-11-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.(2)haveto表示客观需要即周围的环境、习惯、协约等要求某人“不得不作某事”。Eg:我们不得不努力工作。（环境使我们不得不这样做）We_.must的否定形式为_,haveto的否定形式为_,两者意义也不同。前者表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”等后者表示“不必要”。Eg:你们不能在马路上踢足球。You_playfootballontheroad.你今天不必练钢琴了。You_practice

36、thepianotoday.要表示过去获奖来“必须”则必须用haveto的相应形式。如：昨天我们不得不去购物。We_goshoppingyesterday.【典型例题】1.Thechildren_playfootballontheroad.A.canB.mustC.mustntD.may2.-MustIcleantheblackboard?-No,you_.A.needntB.mustntC.cantD.maynot3.Yourmother_there,shehasgooAmerica.A.mustbeB.couldbeC.maybeD.cantbe【考题精选】.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空

37、。Wehaveto_(wear)uniformstoschooleveryday.Jim_(have)tobrushhisteethbeforegoingtobed.Mymotheroftenasksmetopractice_(play)theviolin.Dont_(bring)musicplayerstoschool.Dontbe_(noise)inthelibrary.Everyonefeels_(relax)whentheylistentolightmusic.Theweatheris_(terrible)hot.DoesJack_(do)hishomeworkontime?She_(

38、notlike)playingbasketball.10.Ihaveto_(getup)atsixoclock.选词填空。Successbelongstothepersevering-12-Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.1._(Dont,Cant)crosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightsarered.Itscoldoutside.I_(must,haveto)putonmycoat.Thisis_(quiet,quite)aninterestingbook._(Take,Bring)yoursisterherewithyou.Ourteache

39、risvery_(strictwith,strictin)us.Dontmakesomuch_(noise,noisy).Dadissleepinginthenextroom.7.AfterdinnerIcant(relax,relaxing,relaxed)either.Shelikes_(dressing,wearing,puttingon)sunglasses.Thereisanewcar_(out,outside)thehouse.10.Speakloudly,please!Icant_(hear,listento)youclearly.【课后强化练习】.仔细阅读对话选择方框内的句子填空格使对话意思连贯正确。A：therearemanyrulesinourschool.B：Youarewele.C：Excuseme.Whereareyoufrom?D：Yes,youareright.E：Canwelistentomusicintheclassroom?F：No,thankyou.G：Sorry,wecant.A：1?B:IamfromCanada.AndmynameisAlice.A:Wele.Well,2.Doyouknowthem?Oh,no.Canyoutellme,please?OK!Dowehavetowearauniformeveryda