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1904--一级减速机上箱盖零件工艺设计【中心距212】

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中心距212 1904 一级 减速 机上箱盖 零件 工艺 设计 中心 212
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Introduction of the boxThe box is generally referred to as the base of the drive part and should have sufficient strength and stiffness.Box is also a stock term, is a description of the stock price (stock) trend. The trend is more regular. Rose to a certain extent on the fall; fell to a certain extent on the rise. The high point together, like a box top, the low point together, like a bottom of the box. This trend to form a box.The box is an important component of the gear unit, it is the base of the transmission parts, should have sufficient strength and stiffness.The box is usually made of gray cast iron, gray cast iron has a good casting performance and vibration performance. For heavy or shock loadedDutch reducer can also be used cast steel box. Single-production reducer, in order to simplify the process, reduce costs, can be used steelPlate welded to the box. In order to facilitate the installation and removal of shaft components, the box is made horizontally along the axis line. On the boxThe cover and the lower case are bolted together. The coupling bolts of the bearing housings shall be as close as possible to the bearing seats and the bosses next to the bearing seats, Should have sufficient support surface, in order to place the coupling bolts, and to ensure that the need to tighten the bolt when the wrench space. For guarantee box.The body has sufficient rigidity to support.thereinforcement near the bearing hole. To ensure that the gear unit is placed on the basis of stability and as far as possible.Reduce the machined area of the box base plane, the box bottom generally do not use the complete plane. In the figure, the lower surface of the lower gear box.Is the use of two longitudinal strip processing base surface.How to draw the box and 8 kinds of box painting introductionLearning technology analysts how to define the bottom and box top? According to the experience of the stock market predecessors and the actual experience of the author, can be roughly divided into eight categories. Some of the skills in the main control strategy K line in the Friends of the Friends of the Friends to share, then participated in the activities of the investors are limited, failed to these skills, ideas to do a comprehensive promotion, so decided to include these content in the Book, to the technical analysis of the fans some reference. These eight methods are briefly described below. (1) integer check box: stock price in the process of fluctuations, for the integer number, such as the multiple of 5, usually there will be psychological factors in the reference value, through the integer level, it is easy to have a short turn on the changes, So there are some stock market predecessors, used to cut the price of 5 multiples of the stock price fluctuations observed. (2) times to take the box: when the stock from the low rise, the increase to meet the lowest starting point of 10%, 20%, 30% and other percentage times, easy to produce profit-taking pressure, naturally on the stock price Will form a turning point, this turn is the so-called box top. In addition to these percentage times, the integer multiple is also an important reference data. (3) fold the line to take the box: the stock price in the process of rising or falling, if a turning point, then the completion of the level line diagram of a ups and downs of the paragraph, so we can use the paragraph to observe the box and the future possible The (4) parallel line to take the box: the ups and downs of the stock price process, often follow the characteristics of a specific orbital shock, the track again in parallel to the track. With this feature, you can take out the stock of the stock. (5) wave theory to take the box: the stock price in the process of rising or falling, often follow the tide or wave of the law, so we can use different levels of line graph, a ups and downs of the tide or wave of high and low, As a box observation, and can use the box to predict the future possible trend. (6) volume and price relationship from the box: from the amount can be deduced to the K line, to find out on the stock price movements, short-term key observation price, and this price range of the highest and lowest price, as the box price and box The analysis of the strength of the stock price. (7) indicators of the principle of the box: from the indicators generated by the signal to the K line to find out on the stock price movements, short-term key observation price, and this price range of the highest and lowest price, as the box price And the bottom price of the stock price analysis. (8) form the principle of boxing: the completion of any Dows theory of the foundation, can be regarded as a box, so the use of Taoist form of box observation, can also be appropriate to deduce the future trend of possible stock prices.How to design reducer chassisFor engineering drawings of the reducer housing, it is common to draw a plan view of each part, a plan view of the component assembly, and a plan view of the total assembly. Here is only an example of the box part diagram, given its example shown in Figure Build a drawing fileOpen the generated box part model.Select the drop-down menu File 【New】 in the file, the dialog box of the file appears, select Drawing in the Type column, enter the drawing name in the Name field, and enter the drawing name xiangzuo.The system enters the drawing mode and the New Drawing dialog box appears. Select xiangzuo.prt to create the drawing file for the drawing. Set the pattern for the Lands cape horizontal, in the Size column to set the size of the pattern A3,And then click OK.Second, increase the viewThere are four attempts in this project, a main view, a top view, a right attempt and a three-dimensional view, as shown in Figure 3-1.(1) increase the main view. Step 1 Click the submenu item: Views Add view | Genera | Full View | No Xsec | Scale | Done In the third step to enter the graphics scale, there will be a three-dimensional view of the parts; the fourth step to select the bottom of the keypad for the Front reference surface, select the key side of the slot As the top reference plane, the system will display the formation of the simulation of the main view; Step 5 Click the OK button in the dialog box, the system will form the main view of the part.(2) add two additional views. Step 1 Click the DRAWING submenu item Views Add view | Projection | Full View | No Xsec | Scale | Done, the second step: in the bottom left of the page to place the position of the cross-click the left button; the third step to repeat the first and second steps to increase the right view.(3) to increase the three-dimensional view. Step 1 Click the DRAWING submenu item Views Add view | General | Full View | No Xsec | Scale | Done (The completion); the second step in the bottom right corner of the view of the location of the three-dimensional view of the left button; the third step to enter the graphics ratio, parts of the three-dimensional attempt will appear, the system formed a three-dimensional view of the parts.(4) move the view. In the View menu, select (Move View), drag the view using the mouse, and adjust the spacing between the views so that they are neatly arranged in the drawing.Third, the dimensionThe dimensions created in the part model can be automatically displayed in the drawing, or you can add some necessary dimensions to the drawing. In addition, the dimensions of the drawings can be edited, such as moving, removing, modifying values, and so on.(1) Displays the size of the view. In the first step, select Show / Erase from the View drop-down menu. The system displays the dialog box for Display and Erase. In the second step, click the and button in the dialog box, In the third step, select OK in the middle of the submenu, the size of the feature is displayed in the view; in the dialog box, click 【Close】, and then click 【Close】, Complete the operation of the size display.(2) delete the size is not required. Step 2, click the button in the dialog box, and then click the button, and in the Erase By (press, erase), click the button, and then click the button, Select the selected item in the column; the third step, select the size to be deleted from the view, click the middle button to confirm the selection, the original display size disappears from the view; in the dialog box, click Close ( Off), to complete the size of the delete operation.(3) Add insufficient size. Step 1 Click the Insert menu to select the Size option; the second step in the lower menu select the new reference option, and then according to the system prompts to select the dimension of the dimension; the third step to select the size of the two After the element, click the middle button to dimension and finish.First, the function of the box parts and structural featuresThe box is a basic part of a machine or part that assembles the parts, such as shafts, sleeves, gears, etc., of the machine or part into a whole, so that they maintain the correct mutual position and communicate in a coordinated manner according to a certain transmission relationship Movement or power. Therefore, the processing quality of the box will directly affect the machine or component accuracy, performance and life.Common box parts are: machine tool spindle box, machine feed box, gearbox, slow down the box, the engine block and the base and so on. According to the different parts of the box structure can be divided into the overall box, as shown in Figure 8 - 1a, b, d and separate box, as shown in Figure 8-1c two categories. The former is the overall casting, the overall processing, processing more difficult, but the assembly of high precision; the latter can be manufactured separately, easy processing and assembly, but increased assembly workload.Although the structure of the box, although a variety of diverse, but there are still common main features: complex shape, thin wall and uneven, the internal cavity shape, processing parts and more difficult, both high precision requirements of the hole and Plane, there are many precision requirements of the lower fastening hole. Therefore, the general medium machine tool factory for the box parts of the mechanical processing of labor accounts for about 15% to 20% of the total processing capacity.Second, the box of the main technical requirements of parts, materials and rough(A) the main technical requirements of the box partsThe precision of the machine tool spindle box is the highest. Take a lathe spindle box, as shown in Figure 8-2, for example, the technical requirements of the box parts can be summarized as follows:1. The shape and surface roughness of the main planeThe main plane of the box is the assembly of the reference, and often the processing of the positioning of the benchmark, so, should have a higher degree of flatness and smaller surface roughness value, otherwise, directly affect the positioning of the box processing accuracy, Contact stiffness and mutual position accuracy of body and base assembly.The flatness of the main plane of the box is 0.1 0.03mm, the surface roughness is Ra 2.5 0.63m, and the verticality of the main plane to the assembly datum is 0.1 / 300.2. Hole size accuracy, geometric accuracy and surface roughnessThe bearing bearing hole on the box itself, the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface roughness are required, otherwise, will affect the bearing and the box hole with the accuracy of the shaft rotation accuracy, but also easy to drive parts (such as Gears) produce vibration and noise. The dimensions of the spindle support hole of the general machine tool spindle are IT6, the roundness and the cylindrical tolerance do not exceed half of the aperture tolerance, and the surface roughness value is Ra0.63 0.32m. The remaining bearing hole size accuracy of IT7 IT6, surface roughness value of Ra2.5 0.63m.3. Main hole and plane mutual position accuracyThe same axis of the hole should have a certain degree of coaxial requirements, the support hole should also have a certain distance between the hole size and parallelism requirements, otherwise, not only difficult to install, but also the operation of the shaft deteriorated, the temperature rise , Bearing wear and tear, gear meshing accuracy decreased, causing vibration and noise, affecting gear life. The tolerance of the hole between the support holes is 0.12 0.05mm, the parallelism tolerance should be less than the tolerance of the hole, usually 0.1 0.04mm in the whole length. The coaxiality tolerance of the holes on the same axis is generally 0.04 to 0.01 mm. The tolerance between the support hole and the main plane is 0.1 0.05mm. The tolerance between the main plane and the main plane to the support hole is 0.1 to 0.04 mm.(B) the material and blanks of the boxBox material generally use HT200 400 various grades of gray cast iron, and the most commonly used for the HT200. Gray cast iron is not only low cost, but also has good wear resistance, castability, machinability and damping characteristics. In the production of single-piece or some simple machine box, in order to shorten the production cycle and reduce costs, can be used steel welded structure. In addition, the precision requires a higher coordinate boring machine spindle box is the use of wear-resistant cast iron. Loaded large spindle box can also be used steel castings.The blank allowance is related to the production lot, rough size, structure, accuracy and casting methods. The data can be found in the relevant information and according to the specific circumstances of the decision.Blank casting, should prevent the occurrence of trachoma and stomata. In order to reduce the residual stress generated when the rough manufacturing, should make the box wall thickness as uniform as possible after the box should be arranged after the aging or annealing process.Plane processing methods are planing, milling, drawing, grinding, etc., planing and milling are often used for rough processing and semi-finishing, and grinding is used for flat finishing. In addition to scraping research, grinding, ultra-finishing, polishing and other finishing methods. Which method of processing is more reasonable, depending on the shape of the parts, size, material, technical requirements, production type and factory existing equipment to decide.Section 2 Plane Machining and Plane Machining SolutionsOne, planingPlaning is a single piece of small batch production of the most commonly used machining methods, processing accuracy generally up to IT9 IT7 level, the surface roughness of Ra12.5 1.6m. Planing can be done on a planer or gantry planer, as shown in Figure 8-3. The main movement of the planing is the speed of reciprocating straight motion. Because of the inertia at the time of shifting, the cutting speed is limited, and the cutting speed is not cut, so the planing operation is low. But the need for machine tools, cutting tool structure is simple, easy to manufacture and installation, easy adjustment, versatility. So in a single, small batch production, especially in the processing of narrow flat surface is widely used.The following are the same as the At present, the widespread use of wide blade knife fine plan instead of scraping research, can achieve good results. (2 5m / min), the processing margin is small (pre-shaving allowance 0.08 0.l2mm, final shaving margin 0.03 0.05mm), the workpiece heat deformation is small, can be a small blade knife fine cutting, cutting speed is low A smaller surface roughness value (Ra0.8 to 0.25 m) and a higher processing accuracy (linearity of 0.02 / 1000) were obtained, and the productivity was also high. Figure 8-4 for the wide edge fine planer, the front angle of -10 15 , with squeezing effect; back angle of 5 ?, can increase the back support to prevent vibration; blade angle of 3 5 ?. Processing with kerosene as cutting fluid.Second, millingMilling is the most common method used in planar machining. Milling machines, mills and accessories can be used to mills flat, trenches, arcs, spiral grooves, gears, cams and special surfaces, as shown in Figure 8-5 As shown. Generally by rough milling, fine milling, the dimensional accuracy of up to lT9 1T7, surface roughness up to Ra12.5 0.63m.The main movement of the milling is the rotational movement of the milling cutter, which is the linear motion of the workpiece. Figure 8-6 for the cylindrical cutter and face milling cutter cutting movement.(A) of the milling process characteristics and applicationThe milling cutter is composed of a plurality of teeth, which are cut in turn, there is no empty stroke, and the milling cutter is rotated at high speed. Therefore, the milling productivity is higher than that of the planing, and the milling surface is used in the above production.When machining large-sized planes, the associated planes can be machined on a gantry milling machine with several milling tools, thus ensuring the accuracy of the position between the planes and the higher productivity.Section 3 Milling process commonly used in process equipmentFirst, milling toolsMany types of milling cutter (most of which have been standardized), according to the form of teeth back to the milling cutter can be divided into two categories of tooth cutter and shovel cutter. The tip of the tooth cutter is made of milling, and the flank face is a simple plane, as shown in Figure 8-13a. The tool is widely used, processing plane and groove milling cutter are generally designed to be pointed. The main difference between the shovel cutter and the tip cutter is the special shape of the flank, which is shown in Figure 8-13b. The blade can be used to ensure that the milling cutter in its use of the whole process of the same shape. The purpose of the milling cutter is as follows. Figure 8-13 tooth back formCylindrical milling cutters are generally used to process narrower planes in a horizontal milling machine with a weekly milling method. Figure 8-14 shows the geometric angle of its working part. In order to facilitate the manufacture, the cutting edge of the rake angle is usually specified in the law plane, with n said; for the measurement and grinding convenience, the rear angle in the orthogonal plane, with 0 said; helix angle is its blade angle and s ; Its main declination is kr = 90 ?. There are two types of cylindrical milling cutter: coarse tooth cylindrical milling cutter with a small number of teeth, high tooth strength, large bitter space, heavy grinding times and more features for rough processing; fine teeth cylindrical milling teeth, Work is smooth and suitable for finishing.2. Face milling cutterHigh-speed steel milling cutters are generally used to process medium-width flat surfaces. The standard cutter diameter range is 80-? 250mm. Carbide die cutter cutting efficiency and processing quality than high-speed steel milling cutter is high, so the current widely used carbide die milling machine processing plane.Figure 8-15 shows the overall welding face milling cutter. The knife structure is compact and easier to manufacture. But after the knife teeth wear the whole knife will be scrapped, it has been less use. The following are the same as the The following are the same as the Figure 8-16 for the machine folder welding surface milling cutter. The milling cutter is a carbide blade welded to a small knife head, and then use the mechanical clamping method to clamp the knife in the body slot. After the head can be replaced with a new knife head, so extend the life of the knife body.Figure 8-17 shows an indexable face milling cutter. The cutter clamps the blade directly into the body groove. After the cutting edge is blunt, the blade can be used for the indexing or replacement of the blade. The indexable milling cutter is the same as the indexable turning tool and has the advantages of high efficiency, long service life, convenient use and stable processing quality. This kind of milling cutter is one of the most widely used cutting tools in plane machining. Indexable face milling cutter has formed a series of standards, access to tool standards and other relevant information.(2) Milling cutters for processing trenches1. Three blade cutterThree-edge milling cutter in addition to the circumferential surface with the main cutting edge, the two sides also have a cutting edge, thereby improving the cutting conditions, improve the cutting efficiency and reduce surface roughness. Mainly used for processing trench and stage. Three-edge cutter cutter tooth structure can be divided into straight teeth, teeth and teeth three kinds of teeth.Figure 8-18a shows a straight tooth three blade cutter. The knife is easy to manufacture, easy to wear. But the side edge of the rake angle 0 = 0 ?, cutting conditions are poor.Figure 8-18b for the wrong tooth three blade cutter. The knifes knife teeth are staggered to the left and right. Each blade has a secondary cutting edge at one end and a positive rake angle of the secondary cutting edge formed by the angle of , and the angle of the angle makes the cutting process smooth and easy to pick up, thus improving the cutting conditions. The overall misalignment will reduce its width after re-grinding.Figure 8-18c for the three-edged tooth cutter, it can overcome the overall three-edge cutter blade after the thickness of the smaller size of the lack of. The knife teeth are embedded in a slotted tooth groove. The number of teeth of the knife is Z, the number of teeth tilted in the same direction is Z1 = Z / 2, and the tooth profile of the adjacent pitch is shifted by P / Z1 (P is the pitch of the tooth). When the width of the milling tool is reduced, the peg of the same direction can be removed and moved into the adjacent slot, and the width of the adjusted milling cutter is increased by P / Z1 and then restored by sharpening The original widthThe fourth section of the box hole processing and commonly used technology and equipmentFirst, the box parts processingA series of holes on the box with the accuracy of the requirements of the hole combination, known as the hole system. The hole system can be divided into parallel hole system, as shown in Figure 8-35a, coaxial hole system, as shown in Figure 8-35b and cross hole system, as shown in Figure 8-35c.The following are the same as the Hole processing is not only the accuracy of the hole itself is higher, and the accuracy of the hole and the accuracy of the mutual position requirements are high, so the key to the box processing.The processing method of the hole system is different according to the different batches of the box and the accuracy requirements of the hole system, are discussed separately.(A) parallel hole processingThe main technical requirements of the parallel hole system are the dimensional accuracy and mutual positional accuracy between the center lines of the parallel holes and between the center line and the reference plane. Production often used in the following ways.1. find righteousnessFind the law is in the general machine, with auxiliary tools to find the correct location of the processing hole processing methods. This method of processing efficiency is low, generally only applies to single pieces of small batch production. According to the different ways of finding. Find the law can be divided into the following:(L) crossed to find the law before processing according to the part of the figure in the blank to draw the hole on the contours of the location, and then press the line one by one for processing. Crossed and find a long time, low productivity, and processing out of the hole from the accuracy is low, generally about 0.5mm. In order to improve the accuracy of the crossed line, often combined with the test method. That is, the first crossed the line to find a boring hole, and then adjust the spindle to the center of the second hole, try to boring out a smaller hole than the pattern, if not meet the pattern requirements, according to the results of the adjustment to adjust the position of the spindle , And then try to boring, measurement, adjustment, so repeated several times, until the required size of the hole to achieve. Although this method is more accurate than the simply obtained by the line to find the accuracy of the hole, but the accuracy of the hole is still low, and the operation of the more difficult, low production efficiency, suitable for single-piece production.(2) the mandrel and block gauge to find the law of boring the first row of holes when the spindle into
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本文标题:1904--一级减速机上箱盖零件工艺设计【中心距212】
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