CA6140 卧式车床主轴箱的设计4张CAD图
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卧式车床主轴箱的设计4张CAD图
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附录一：机械传动的探索在机械设计课程教学李兴华机械工程同济大学学院上海，中国 lixinghua摘要:在机器的设计过程中，机械传动有更多的知识抽象的概念，并发式，大量的图表，所以这是很难理解和使用。该计算公式被分成三种类型中的教学实践中，如确凿式中，经验方程和几何关系。它需要做出一些差异给他们在教学过程中;图表类型的数据应进行详细说明，尤其是选择方法使学生能够选择正确的数据，代入公式设计和计算。在同一时间，该使用图表分析，归纳分析的基础知识和概念和比较有助于培养学生的综合能力研究的问题。最后，通过一个伟大的工作，巩固训练，学生可以进一步主动地学习专业性知识。关键词：机械设计，机械传动，教学方法，教育，图表分析1、引言该机设计当然是一个技术基础课程机械在工科院校工程1。这当然涉及到很多相关的课程，更多的知识，抽象的概念和复杂的公式，所以它不容易学习。尤其在设计计算传动部件，其中学生往往反映有太多的公式，怎么还记得吗？他们还反映有很多在课本的数据，如何正确地使用它们呢？与许多多年的教学这部分的做法，本文总结了一些经验，以下。2 公式正确认识为设计和传动组件的计算中的公式“机械设计”，当然，这是明确指出讲座：在工作条件分析，这当然需要做一些数学，机械推导和公式确实很多，但有是无大量“公式”得出的结论。因此，所谓的学生在使用的公式演算和推导“公式”，这纯粹是误解的过程。由分析这部分教学内容的公式分为以下三个方面，可以区别对待：(W.张（主编）：先进技术在教学中，鞍钢 163，459-463 页。施普林格出版社柏林海德堡 2012460 李X.)2.1 派生理论分析的结论性公式如标准齿轮传动，计算公式的齿面接触应力 H，参考圆直径为 D1，齿根弯曲应力 F，模数m。这样公式将直接用于设计计算，这是很重要的。该式应该熟悉每个符号的含义，假设取得推导应该汲取的，什么要注意在使用中，为了能够正确和灵活性使用公式。在教学中要求学生使用分析和制图，以帮助记忆而不是死记硬背。对于一些常用的（如计算速度V，该转矩T）的公式，一定要记住。2.2 经验公式或公式推荐如 V 型带驱动推荐中心距 A0 最好满足关系（1），但在具体的设计计算，作为限制条件的结果是，实际中心距离不能满足关系（1），那么你可以允许使用。（12）0（12）0.72 DDDDD+ D一+ D。 （1）其中：DD1 和 DD2 小皮带轮和大皮带轮在Vbelt 参考直径传输。2.3 几何关系公式例如，在V 形带传动，公式的V 形皮带的计算传输中心距离和长度不必死记硬背，只要图形是能够被理解，并且式都可以使用。而在齿轮传动，所述几何形状比较简单，可以使用相应的几何图来记得。(机械传动教学 461 的探索)3、数据正确选择在机械传动的教学内容，也有一些介绍如何选择数据，如何解决问题，等等，从而使学生在解决问题，而不是一味地用错误的公式一个清晰的概念。教学内容的这一部分需要选择大量的数据，例如在数据线性图的形式和以表格形式的数据。哪些因素会影响数据以及如何的因素影响的数据应被指定。尤其需要通过图表选择数据的方法中所说明的细节。例如，如果选择的齿面接触疲劳的限制时，以及选择齿根弯曲疲劳的限制，但应注意的是，是什么材料中的齿轮是由，然后根据材料来选择图表和选择曲线，从而防止选择错误的图表或曲线和所获得的错误的值;再如，选择动载荷系数和选择时，负荷分布因子，齿轮的精度和齿轮的安排应注意的，并根据相应的曲线和表格;第 04期基于只有一个清醒的头脑有关影响数据的因素，你可以选择出正确的数据;只有学生学会选择数据的方法，才能选择正确的数据和代入公式设计计算。附录二：The Exploration of the Mechanical TransmissionTeaching in the Machine Design CourseXinghua LiSchool of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai, ChinalixinghuaAbstract. In the machine design course, mechanical transmission have more knowledge, abstractive concept, complicated formula, a large number of charts, so its difficult to understand and use. The calculation formula is divided into three types in teaching practice, such as the conclusive formulas, empirical equations and geometric relations. It needs to make some difference to them during the teaching; the chart type of data should be explained in detail, especially the selection methods, so that students can select the correct data and substituted into the formula for design and calculations. at the same time, the use of chart analysis, the basic knowledge and concepts of inductive analysis and comparison can help to develop students ability of comprehensively researching problems. Finally, through a great work to consolidate the training,the students can be further motivated to study professional knowledge.Keywords: Machine design, mechanical transmission, teaching method, education, chart analysis.1 IntroductionThe Machine Design course is a technical foundation course formechanical engineering in engineering colleges 1. This course involves many related courses, more knowledge, abstractive concept and complicated formula, so its not easy to learn. Especially the design calculations for transmission components, in which students often reflect there are too many formulas, how to remember? They also reflect there are a lot of data in textbooks, how to correctly use them? With many years teaching practice of this part, this paper summed up some experience as following.2 Correct Understanding of the FormulasFor the formulas of the design and calculation of transmission components in the Machine Design course, which was clearly pointed out in lectures: during the analysis of work conditions, this course need to do some mathematical, mechanical derivation, and formulas are indeed a lot, but there is no great number of the formulas of the conclusions.Thus the students called the formulas used in the process of calculus and derivation formulas, which are purely misunderstanding. By analyzing the formulas in this part of the teaching content are divided into the following three respects, which can be treated differently:W. Zhang (Ed.): Advanced Technology in Teaching, AISC 163, pp.459463. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012460 X. Li2.1 The Conclusive Formulas Derived of the Analysis of TheorySuch as standard gear drive, formulas for calculating the tooth surface contact stressH, reference circle diameter d1, Tooth root bending stress F, modulus m. Suchformulas will be directly used for design calculations, which is important. The formula should be familiar with the meaning of each symbol, the assumption made in the derivation should be learned, and what should pay attention to in use, in order to be able to correctly and flexibility use formulas.In the teaching students are asked to use analysis and mapping to help remember instead of rote. For some of the commonly used (such as calculating speed V, the torque T) formulas, be sure to memorize.2.2 Empirical Equations or Recommended FormulasSuch as V-belt drive recommended center distance a0 best satisfy the relations (1), butin the specific design calculations, as a result of the restricted conditions, the actual center distance can not satisfy the relations (1), then you can allow the use.0.7(d d1+d d2) a02(d d1+d d2)(1)Where: dd1 and dd2 are reference diameter of small pulley and large pulley in the Vbelt transmission.2.3 Geometry Relationship FormulasFor example, in the V-belt transmission, the formulas for calculation of V-belt transmission center distance and the length do not have rote, as long as graphics are able to be understood, and the formulas can be used. While in the gear drive, the geometry is relatively simple, you can use the corresponding geometric diagram to remember.3 Correct Selection of DataIn the teaching contents of the mechanical transmission, there are also some introduction about how to select the data, how to solve problems, etc., thus giving students a clearer idea in solving problems, instead of blindly using wrong formulas.This part of the teaching content requires selecting a lot of data, such as data in Linear graph form and data in tabular form. What factors will affect the data and how the factors impact the data should be specified.Especially the method of selecting data through chart needs to be explained in detail. For example, when selecting the limitation of the tooth contact fatigue and to select the limitation of the tooth root bending fatigue, it should be noted that, what material the gear is made of, then according to the materials to select the chart and select the curve, so as to prevent choosing the wrong chart or curve and obtained the wrong value; Another example, when selecting the dynamic load factor and selecting the load distribution factor, the accuracy of gears and the arrangement ofgears should be paid attention to, and according to the correspondingcurves and tables; only basedThe Exploration of the Mechanical Transmission Teaching 461on a clear mind about the factors that affect the data can you select out the correct data; Only students learn the method of selecting data can they select the correct data and substituted into the formulas for design calculations.4 Through Analysis and Comparison Cultivating the Ability to Develop Comprehensive Research ProblemsEach completion of one kind of transmission, students can be roughly understood thecontents of this drive, which is just an individuality; There are internal relations between the various transmission, which is called common. If the individuality can be linked with the common, by analysis and comparison, we can deepen our understanding; and cultivate the ability of students to learn by analogy. Therefore, some forms can be prepared to achieve this purpose in teaching.For gear failure modes, due to many causes, its both easy to grasp, but also difficult to remember. In the lecture, table analysis (Table 1.) is used to show out all the influencing factors, analyze one by one, so that it becomes easy to understand, and easy to distinguish causes between different failure mode. In order to promote thinking, we can focus on several causes of failure mode such as contact fatigue pitting, bendingfatigue fracture, scuffing, wear, etc. and make them clear. Then talk about the failure phenomenon of the tooth when the static strength is not enough, while the reason why static strength is not enough and a variety of ways to prevent or mitigate failure measures, please let the students think for themselves and fill them out.Table 1. Failure modes of gear driveContact fatiguePittingBending fatiguefractureScuffingWearPlastic deformationSuddenly brokenIntern alcauseTooth surface hardnessHBS 350Tooth surface hardnessHBS 350Exter nalcauseNormal forceFnLight loadHeavy loadStressTooth surface contactstress HTooth root bendingstress FMotionRotational speednHighLowFriction force f FnInstallationOpenLubricatindriveWorkin gCloseddriveconditi onsSmoothLoadImpact462 X. LiIn another example, when the chapter about the worm drive was finished, you can list a form as shown in Table 2, and ask the students to fill it out in order to acquire the forces analysis requirements of each chapter.When cylindrical helical gear drive was finished, you can list a form as shown in Table 3, requiring students to fill in after-school, making them seriously consider both he similarities and differences, in order to achieve the purpose of consolidation.Table 2. Force analysis of gear driveDirection ofperipheral force FtDirectionof radial force FrDirectionof axial force FaCylindricalspur gearDriving wheelDriven wheeldriveCylindrical helical geardriveDriving wheelDriven wheelStraightbevel gear driveDriving wheelDriven wheelWorm driveWormWorm gearTable 3. Comparative analysis of cylindrical gear driveCylindrical spur geardriveCylindrical helicalgear driveEngagement principleGeometry relationshipForce analysisTooth surface contactfatigue strengthTooth root bendingfatigue strengthDesign stepsOther5 Through Assignment to Consolidate the TrainingThrough the above process of teaching, although students initially master the content and the design calculation methods for the mechanical transmission, without intensive training by examples, in the actual design calculations, students cant use freely on the purpose. Therefore, in the classroom the example is used to describe the design calculation, during the explanation of the process, the interactive teaching model is used to allow students to participate, apply the content of the theory to the actual design, and teachers do not teach too much, make students take the lead only.After-school assignment of design for mechanical transmission 2,through the students practical design calculations, can improve students proficiency in design calculations, and further consolidate the knowledge of the design calcul
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