初一英语寒假课程

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx初一英语寒假课程【精品文档】初一英语寒假课程学大教育桐梓坡校区编撰编撰人：侯苏德2012-12-25一、课程说明课程介绍1. 本课程综合湖南省所选教材新目标英语版本编写而成，所设内容紧扣教材和考标。2. 总体内容分为同步复习巩固及专题训练两大部分。3. 系统复习初一需要掌握的重点词法，基本常用句型和重要时态，解决重点、难点、指出常见考点。4. 把历年中考真题和时态考查的内容相衔接，使学生在学新课时同时感受中考的考点和考查形式，同时提高表达能力和写作能力。课程特色1.从词法入手，从句型着手，着眼语言，运用词法、句型和语法三位一体复习法。把初一年级所学英语知识融为一体。

2、1. 以时态知识为主线，结合专题讲解，系统学习初一的重点时态的内容。2. 提高以话题为主的表达水平，全面提高中考所需的听、说、读、写能力，为适应中考的技能要求打下坚实的基础。3. 巩固基础的同时，提高完形、阅读、写作等各种题型的应试能力。课程编写体例与课程定制编写体例：本课程适合英语初一学习者预习、复习使用，每一专题的学习任务分为：知识梳理、课堂精讲例题及方法归纳、搭配课堂训练、课后自我检测。课程定制：共十个专题，20个课时完成，计划每课时用时60分钟。二、课程内容教学内容教学目标建议时间第一讲名词、代词等1.学习掌握名词、冠词、代词、基（序）数词。2小时第二讲动词、形容词和副词等1.学习掌握

3、动词的分类及特点与用法。2学习掌握常用的形容词、副词、介词和连词2小时第三讲 一般现在时 1. 了解而且懂得一般现在时的概念，熟知一般现在时的结构，熟记一般现在时的时间状语2. 了解而且学会运用一般现在时2小时第四讲 现在进行时 1. 了解而且懂得现在进行时的概念，熟知现在进行时的结构，熟记现在进行时的时间状语2. 了解而且学会运用现在进行时2小时第五讲 一般过去时了解而且懂得一般过去时的概念，熟知一般过去时的结构，熟记一般过去时的时间状语2. 了解而且学会运用一般过去时2小时第六讲 三种基本时态的综合复习和练习1. 了解而且懂得三种基本时态的概念，熟知三种基本时态的结构，熟记三种基本时态的时

4、间状语2. 了解而且学会运用三种基本时态，准确运用适当动词形式2小时第七讲重要词汇、短语考点知识1. 了解、理解并掌握所学过的短语意义和用法。2. 能准确用其造出表达准确的英文句子，从而达到学语言的终极目标。3. 善于比较相关词组及某些动词与别的介、副词一起构成不同意义的词组区别与用法。4小时第八讲 英语句子结构和初一所学句型。1. 句型目标：了解并掌握英语句子节本结构。分析、辨别错句并能将其改正。2. 背诵各单元中Grammar Focus的句子，并能根据其仿造句子。4. 语法目标：分析判断句子正误，正确用英语表达思想。5. 语言目标：在不同场合、根据情境用英语正确表达思想，逐步提高写作能力

5、。2小时第九讲 一般问句和特殊问句 并列句和祈使句1.学习和掌握一般问句和特殊问句的结构及区别。2.学习和掌握陈述句转换成一般问句和特殊问句的方法。5.提高语言交际、阅读能力。第一讲名词、代词、冠词和数词一、 知识梳理要点一：名 词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 名词的分类 名词类 别意 义例 词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory,

6、desk, cat , country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时

7、，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工厂，著作 ，glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯， room空间-a room一个房间二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读 音例 词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, shar

8、peners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/z/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规

9、则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes,

10、 glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各种食物，time 时间 - times 时代，green 绿色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg.

11、hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, 三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 “的”。1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +s。 eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes (2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 + eg. teachers books (3)

12、两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面 +s。 eg. Lucy and Lilys room. (指两人共住一个房间) Mrs Greens and Mrs Browns son. (指两人各自的儿子) (4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略 eg. the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。 eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom， (2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示

13、。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man (4) 双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。eg. ten minutes walk, todays newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可

14、是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes

15、walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用 “a person”,“两个人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”

16、. 应选B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析: room number 房间

17、号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they

18、 have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。10. He is a suc

19、cess as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A.

20、 you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B.

21、are C. am D. be解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示“一杯”因此

22、选C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of . 因此选A。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！ 选择最佳答案：1 Last ni

23、ght, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mothers and fathers D.my father

24、s and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicy

25、cle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun

26、B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors11.

27、- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? - It sounds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fr

28、idge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground 14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. m

29、inutes17. Mum, I have _ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the _ to the post office? A. street B. way C. road D. address19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family20. Maths _ not easy to learn.

30、A. are B. is C. am D. were 1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 BBBCD 16-20 BBBCB要点二：代 词知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。二、 代词的用法1 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表： 数 格 人 称单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格 第一人称wemeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou 第三人称hehimtheythem sh

31、e her it it (1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They dont want me to go there alone. Dont worry. I can look after her.(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：- Whos that? - Its me.注意：人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如： You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。 人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中，

32、 表示强调。例如： It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。 人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如： The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。 We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。 It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如： It is about 10 kilome

33、tres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。 It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如： You

34、, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.2物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 词 义 类 型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1） 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语， 后面跟名词。例如：To our surpr

35、ise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如： May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语) (3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用， 作定语。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.3反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表

36、所示： 词 义 数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复 数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves（1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语) Youd better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配

37、，例如：make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to,etc4指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主语) Throw it like that. (作表语) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语) These pictures are draw

38、n by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西， 常用that, those 表示。 例如： Im sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文将要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起启下的作用。 例如：Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.5疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主语

39、、宾语、定语、表语。作主语： What make you so happy?作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with?在口语中， 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定语： Which subject do you like best?作表语： Whats your mother.6相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如： We should help

40、 each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year. 相互代词后可以加s,表示所有关系。 例如： We put the presents in each others stocking.7连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如： I know what he said at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me w

41、hich is the way to the post office?8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。 不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much,

42、little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。例题解析：1. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。2. The English novel is quite easy for you. The

43、re are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必须明确几点：（1）little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。（2）few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。3. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?- _ OK. Im free today and

44、 tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。4. The population

45、 of China is much large than _ of Japan.A. this B.those C.it 解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可数名词的复数。 选D。5. - When shall we meet again? - Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one B.any C.another 解析：any表示任何一个。选B。6. He said _ at the meeting and just sat there silently. A. somethin

46、g B. anything C. nothing D. everything解析：此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意，应选C。7. - Do you know the lady _ is interviewing our headmaster?- Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，所以应选B。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、用适当的代词填空Help _ to some ice cream, girls.He came up

47、with an idea at last; the idea of _ was very good.Hurry, up, theres _ time left.There is hardly _ in the basket, its empty.Lili and Coco dont know _ address. Lili has never been to Cocos home and Coco hasnever been to Lilys home, either.He is _ a kind friend that _of us like him.He have two English

48、novels, but he has read _ of them.I dont like the color of this jacket. Could you show me _ one?You may take _ of them, theyre both good.Dont worry. _ goes well here.二、选择最佳答案填空：1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _ of them.A. both B. each C. either D. any2. He had _milk but_ brea

49、d for breakfast.A. many; few B. much; little C. few; much D. little; many3. Is there _you want to say?A. something else B. anything else C. else anything D. else something4. A: _ are you going to visit?B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.A. Where B. What C. Why D. When5. One should keep _ promi

50、se.A. ones own B. every C. himself D. herself三、完成句子1. Theres two apples here, you can take _（任意一个）.2. Lisa has two daughters. _(没有一个喜欢)traveling.3. _ (所有的)girls like singing.4. To say is _ (一回事), to do is _ (另一回事).5. They keep one black cat and _ (两只黑的).6. He has _ (许多) money, but he has _ (没有) friends.7. Can s