语言学选择判断题

1、I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:T 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.F 2. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.T 3. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a wholeT 4. Phonetics

2、is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.T 5. The study of the ways in which morphemescan be combined to form words is called morphology.T 6. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories t

3、o language teaching and learningT 7 Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concreteF 8 Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is n

4、ot languageT 9. By diachronic study we mean to studythe changes and development of languageF 10. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitraryF 11. There is universal agreement about the origin of language.F 12. Pet dogs can speak human languages.F 13. All human infants can speak some language

5、.F 14. By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets.F 15. With different cultures there will be different languages.T 16. Not all uses of language are meant to convey new information.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best

6、 complete the statement.1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be .A. prescriptive B. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic2. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. DualityD. Meaningf

7、ulness3. Modern linguistics regards the written language as .A. primary B. correct C. secondaryD. stable4. The function of the sentence“ water boil at 100 degrees centigrade”A interrogative B directive C informative D performative5. A historical study of language is a study of language.A. synchronic

8、B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative6. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols for human .A contact B communication C relation D community7. Languages is A instinctive B non-instinctiveC static D genetically transmitted8. A linguist regards the change in language and language use as

9、A unnatural B something to be feared C natural D abnormal9. Which of the following words is entirely arbitraryA tree B crash C typewriter D bang10. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, becauseA. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a gre

10、ater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. All of the aboveCHAPTER 2I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:T 1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distin

11、guishes meaning in both Chinese and English.F 2. If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.F 3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.F 4. English is a tone language while Chinese

12、is not.T 5. In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.T 6. In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.F 7. Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues

13、 with the help of a machine called spectrograph.F 8. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest.T 9. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.F 10. English consonants can be classifi

14、ed in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.F 11. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.T 12. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of

15、 factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.F 13. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.F 14. Any sound produced by a human

16、being is a phoneme.F 15. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.F 16. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.T 17.A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substitutingone sound for another results in a change of mean

17、ing.F 18. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.T 19.The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific.T 20. Distinctive features of sound

18、segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:35Of all the speech organs, the is/ are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lipsC. tongue D. vocal cords36

19、 The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are sounds.A. voicelessC. vowel37 is a voiced alveolar stop.A. /z/C. /k/B. voicedD. consonantalB. /d/D./b/38The assimilationrule assimilates one sound to another by “copying ” a featureof a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones A. ident

20、icalB. sameC. exactly alikeD. similar39 Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments andthey can distinguish meaning, they are said to beA. in phonemic contrastB. in complementary distributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair40 The sound /f/ isA. voiced palatal affricate

21、B. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless velar fricativeD. voiceless labiodentalfricative41. A vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tonguemaintaining the highest position.A. backB. centralC. frontD. middle42. Distinctive features can be found runningover a sequence of two or more phon

22、emicsegments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are calledA. phonetic componentsB. immediate constituentsC. suprasegmental featuresD. semantic features43. A(n) is a unit that is of distinctive value.It is an abstractunit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A

23、. phoneB. soundC. allophone D. phoneme44 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the of that phoneme.A. phonesB. soundsC. phonemesD. allophonesCHAPTER 3I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:T 1. Morphology studies

24、 the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.F are the smallest meaningful units of language.T 3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.T 4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used

25、freely all by themselves are free morphemes.T 5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.T 6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.T 7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added

26、 is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.F 8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it.F 9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words form

27、ed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.T 10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:2

28、1. The morpheme “ vision ” in the common word “ television ” is a(n) .A. bound morpheme B. bound formC. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme22. The compound word “ bookstore ” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound .A. is the sum total of the meaning of it

29、s componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of .A. the first elementB. the second elementC. either the first or

30、 the second elementD. both the first and the second elements.24. are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combinedwith other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemesC. Bound words D. Wordsof words25. is a branch of grammar which studies t

31、he internal structureand the rules by which words are formed.A. SyntaxC. Morphology D. Morpheme26. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is .A. lexical B. morphemicC. grammatical D. semantic27. Bound morphemes are those that .A. have to be used independentlyB. can not be combined with oth

32、er morphemesC. can either be free or boundD. have to be combined with other morphemes.28. modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part ofspeech of the original word.A. Prefixes B. SuffixesC. Roots D. Affixes29. are oftenthought to be the smallest meaningful unitsof languageby t

33、he linguists.A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences30. “ - s” in the word “ books” is .A. a derivative affix B. a stemC. an inflectional affix D. a rootCHAPTER 4I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:T 1. Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntac

34、tic rules.T 2. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is nolimit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.F 3. An endocentric construction is also known as headed construction becauseit has just one headT 4. Constitue

35、nts that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.F 5. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.T 6. Number an

36、d gender are categories of noun and pronoun.T 7. Word order plays an important role in the organization of English sentences.T 8. Like English, modern Chinese is a SVO language.T 9. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.T 10.A noun phrase mus

37、t contain a noun, but other elements are optional.III. There are four given choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:1 The head of the phrase“ the city Rome ” isA the city B Rome C cityD the city and Rome2. A in the embedded clause refers to the introduc

38、tory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A. coordinator B. particleC. Preposition D. subordinator3 Phrase structure rules have properties.A. recursive B. grammaticalC. social D. functional4. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand .A. how words and phrases form sentences.B. what con

39、stitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsC. how people produce and recognize possible sentencesD. All of the above.5 The phrase “on the half ” belongs to constructionA endocentric B exocentricC subordinate D coordinate6 . The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that .A. noun phrases

40、 appear only in subject and object positions.B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phraseC. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positionsD. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.7 The sentence structure is .A. only linearB. Only hierarchicalC. compelD. both linear and hier

41、archical8. The syntactic rules of any language are in number.A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite9. The rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammaticalsentences.A. lexical B. morphological C. linguisticD. combinational10 The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not

42、to expose themselves ” is asentenceA simple B coordinate C compound D complex39. Interrogative and imperative祈使) sentences do not have truth value. T40. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannotbe dissected (切分)into meaning components, called semantic feature. F

43、( can be )41. One merit of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of certain words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning. T 42. Hyponymy is a matter of class membership, so it is the same as meronymy.F(Meronymy is a term used to describe a par

44、t-whole relationship.)43. Two sentences using the same words may mean quite differently. T44. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situationswhile linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. F45. An important difference between pr

45、esupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say,if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. T46. Conceptualists maintain that there is no direct link between linguistic form and what it refers to. This view

46、 can be seen by the Semantic triangle. T47. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations. T 48. Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derivemeaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. T49. The meaning of a sentence is the su

47、m totalof the meanings of all its components.F50. Most languages have sets of lexicalitems similar in meaning but rankeddifferently according to their degree of formality. T51. “it is hot.” is a no -place predication because it contains no argument. T52. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is take

48、n to be the basic unit, but in semantic analysis ofa sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction ofthe meaningof a sentence. TCHAPTER 6I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:F 1. Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sen

49、tences to effect successful communicationF 2.Pragmatics treatsthe meaning of language as something intrinsic andinherent.T 3. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.T 4.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragma

50、tics is whether in thestudy of meaning the context of use is considered.F 5. The major difference between a sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is.F 6.The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent.F 7.The meaning of an utterance is decontexua

51、lized, therefore stable.F 8.Utterances always take the form of complete sentencesF 9. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.T 10.Speech act theory started in the late 50 s of the 20th century.T 11.Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative

52、.F 12. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker s intention.III.There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that canbest complete the statement:25. does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A. Pragmatics B. SemanticsC. Sense relationD. Concept26. The meaning of language was considered as something in traditionalsemantics.A. contextualB. behaviouristicC. intrinsicD. logical27. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD