高频连接器电气特性分析理论

1、工業技術研究院 工業材料研究所電子金屬元件實驗室章本華Ben ITRI 2004高頻連接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212 2For Larger QuantitiesFor Smaller QuantitiesKilo (K)103UnitsMilli (M)10-3UnitsMega (M)106UnitsMicro ()10-6UnitsGiga (G)109UnitsNano (n)10-9UnitsTera (T)1012UnitsPico

2、 (p)10-12UnitsFemto (f) 10-15UnitsPrefix Used with Electrical Units高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213 3XYlogYX10BAABlogloglogBABAlogloglogAnAnloglog12log10d PPBofNumber12log20 dVVgainvoltageB12log20urrent dIIgaincBPower Gain : P2 P1Loss : P2 P1Decibel高頻電子接

3、器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20214 4dbPower RatiodbVoltage Ratio+20100+40100+1010+2010+32+620101-31/2-61/2-101/10-201/10-201/100-401/100db=10log(Power Ratio)=20log(Voltage Ratio)Relationship between Decibels, Power and Voltage高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務A

4、ll rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20215 510.500.0010-40-80-20-60Linear Amplitude ScaleLogarithmic Amplitude ScaleA logarithmic Scale would compress large signal amplitude and expand the small ones, allowing all components to be displayed at the same timeWhy Logarithmic Scale ?高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻

5、電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216 6EMIImpedance MatchCross TalkSide effect of High Speed Transmission高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217 7Impedance Match高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218

6、 8Z00ZZS 0ZZL Z0ZSZLNon-termination高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219 9Z00ZZS 0ZZL Z0ZSZLEnd-Termination高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211010Z00ZZS 0ZZL Z0ZSZLSource-Termination高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務A

7、ll rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211111Z00ZZS 0ZZL Z0ZSZLSource & End - Termination高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211212TTTT+T1+T2+T1IsolatorCross Talk高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211313V近端串音近端串音NEXT遠端串音

8、遠端串音FEXTCmLmCross Talk高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211414LMLMLMLMDriving signalACBDNEXT & FEXT (Inductive)高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211515Crosstalk - Mutual Inductance高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All

9、rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211616Cross Talk Mutual Inductancen The coefficient of interaction between two loopsI(t)LM+-Y(t)RAdtdILYAM rATVdtdV rAAAATRVdtRdVdtRdVdtdI rAMTRVLY rAMTRLVYTalkX 高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211717Mutual Inductance (L

10、M)32108.5rAALM )2 & 1(ArAr A1A2Ir+-VnoisedtdILVMnoise 高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211818Distribution of HF Current Density underneath a Signal Trace 2011HDHIDiWHD inAty, rent densisignal curDi, ingnal tracece from silar disperpendicuDboard, ine circuit

11、trace abovheight of H, Aal currenttotal signItan0高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20211919DH21HDKCrossTalkK : depends on the circuit rise time and the length of the interfering traces : is always less than 1Crosstalk in solid ground planes高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子

12、接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212020DHGW3W21HDKCrossTalkK : depends on the circuit rise time and the length of the interfering traces : is always less than 1Crosstalk in solid ground planes高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212121Drivin

13、g signalACBDCMCMCMNEXT & FEXT (Capacitive)高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212222Cross Talk Mutual Capacitancen The coefficient of electrical interaction between two circuitsCMRABBdtdVCIAMM VAIMrATVdtdV rMBrMBMBTCRVTVCRVIRTalkX )(高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分

14、析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212323Aperture LeakageMaterialMaterial100KHz100MHzFrequencyAperture LeakageEMI Shielding Design Guideline高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/2021242411e(0.37)2 ：角頻率：角頻率：導磁係數：導磁係數：導電常數：導電常數Skin Effect高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務

15、高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212525Eddy Current高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212626Skin Effect caused by Eddy Current高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20212727EMI Shielding高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與

16、實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/202128282 Low Frequency : High Frequency : Magnetic field Shielding高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/202129292 Low Frequency : Magnetic Filed Shielding at Low Frequency高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務A

17、ll rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213030Multilayer Magnetic Shields高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213131EMI Control高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213232EnergyFrequencyCutoff FrequencyAttenuating Waveguide高頻

18、電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213333gdEM WaveEMI Wave Guide高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213434Wave guidesEMI Wave Guide Application高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/2021353

19、5ldHdnKL2d/l0.1110100K0.00240.0170.0510.088Inductance (L)高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213636AdVdAC idtdVCi idtCV1CqV Capacitance (C)高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213737Noten電容：由電荷分佈所造成 增加電容方式：1.加大介電常數2.加大兩導體相對

20、面積3.降低兩導體間之距離n電感：因電流流動所造成 增加電感方式：1.加大導磁係數2.增加電流所流過之面積（增加電流長度）高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213838Signal Integrity IssuesnPropagation delaynRise time degradationnLossnReflectionnCrosstalknGround bounce高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved b

21、y BenHwa, Jang8/4/20213939V1V2Wire length=LL device dimensionWavelength 10 times device dimensionLumped/Distributed Model高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20215454Quasi-Static SolverFull-Wave Solver(Overlap)0/100/10Basic Electrical EngineeringTime DomainSpice M

22、odelLump Element(L、C、R)Microwave EngineeringFrequency DomainFull Wave ModelS ParameterEMI SuspensionLumped/Distributed Model高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20215555nPropagation Propagation speed(meter/seconds) Propagation delay(second/meter) .1.SPDP .DPLump V

23、S. Distributed System高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20215656 .DPTLr 06LLump System Distributed System (Tr：10%90%)Lump VS. Distributed SystemnLength of the Rising Edge (L) (Electrical Length)高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jan

24、g8/4/20215757VVAAAAQAdDAdBAdJtDsdHAdBtsdE0EJEJHBEDFull Wave SolverSolving for any frequencyStatic SolverNo time dependent variationsElectrostatic & MagnetostaticSimulation TimeWhat Is Electromagnetic Simulation ?高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20215858*Autoca

25、d MDT4*PSPICE*Z0,XTalk *SPICELINKTM Extractor Q3D*L,C,RElectric PropertyAnalysisCircuitAnalysisCAD ModelFinishLump Element Simulation Flow Chart & Tools高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20215959ntotalnmutualmutualnmutualtotalmutualnmutualmutualtotalCCCCCCCCCC 2

26、 1n 2 2 21 1 21 1 nsnmutualmutualnmutualsmutualnmutualmutualsLLLLLLLLLL elf2 1n 2 2 elf21 1 21 1 elfLi/2Li/2CiLj/2Lj/2CjCijKijKijLumped Model Circuit Description高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216060C & L - Simulationn The charge(Q) ：compute the Capacitance

27、n The conduction current density(J) ： compute the Inductance and Resistancen Capacitance computations:The surface of each object is broken down into many small trianglesn Inductance and Resistance computations：The interior of each object is broken down into many small tetrahedra 高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電

28、子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216161Start solution processDivided structure into trianglesPerform error analysisCompute system energySolve for charge (Q)StoppingCriteria satisfied ? Set conductor i to 1 volt Set all other conductors to 0 voltsSolve for QiCompute capacitanceS

29、olution finishedRefine trianglesFor conductors 1 to nYesNoMultipoleAdaptiveChargeSolutionMultipoleCapacitanceSolution VkiiiirQdVr11)(set V CVQCapacitance Solution Process高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216262Start solution processGenerate initial meshPerfor

30、m error analysisCompute system energySolve for conduction current, JStoppingCriteria satisfied ? Set current through terminal i to 1 amp；set all other Currents to zero ampsSolve for current, JCompute inductance and Resistance of current path iSolution finishedRefine trianglesFor terminals 1 to n,Whe

31、re YesNoAdaptiveConductionSolutionMultipoleInductanceAnd ResistanceSolutionni 1Inductance Solution Process高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216363Analysis structureRefine critical regionsStart simulationENDCreate initial meshStart simulationEvaluate local err

32、orENDRefineMeshAutomatic MeshingAdaptive Meshing RefinementAutomatic Meshing & Adaptive Meshing Refinement高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216464Schematic Diagram of Connector Electrical Property Analysis高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved

33、by BenHwa, Jang8/4/202165650000000021111ZVVVZVVVVVVZZ 00ReVVVIncidentflected V0tVV0-VImpedance高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216666Impedance TypesnCharacteristic ImpedancenCommon Mode Impedance Zcomm=Zeven/2nDifferential Mode Impedance Zdiff=Zodd*2高頻電子接器電氣

34、特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216767V近端串音近端串音NEXT遠端串音遠端串音FEXTCmLmCrossTalk高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216868Modified Source高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20216969Time(sec)Amp

35、litudeRise Time 1(Tr)A0.82Time Rise 1 Time Rise Time(sec)AmplitudeRise Time 2(Tr)A0.9A0.1ARise Time高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217070Time(sec)AmplitudeA0.9A0.1ATime(sec)AmplitudeACRLRCRLTr(10%90%)Tr(10%90%) Generation高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務Al

36、l rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217171Coupled Transmission Line高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217272Z0Z0Zodd toddZodd todd-Zodd/2 toddZeven/2 tevenZodd toddZoddZodd(Zeven- Zodd )/2Symmetrical Coupled Line Model高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All r

37、ights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217373Improved Schematic高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217474Marketing SearchSpec. StudyModel ConstructionElectrical Property AnalysisMechanical Property AnalysisMake MoneyTestTest Fixture DesignPrototypeModel Detail Des

38、ignMicrowave Connector Design Flow Chart高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217575Incident ITransmitted TReflected RLaneIRIncidentReflectedReflectionITIncidentdTransmitteTransmissionSWRS-Parameters S11 S22Reflection Coefficient Impedance AdmittanceReturn LossGr

39、oup DelayInsertion PhaseTransmissionCoefficient S-Parameters S21 S12Gain/LossHigh-Frequency Device Characterization高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217676n Reflection Coefficient ()n Return Loss = -20 log()n Impedance ZLn SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)00ReZZZZVVL

40、LIncidentflected011Z11.MinMaxVVReflection Parameters高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217777nTransmission Coefficient ( )nInsertion Loss (dB) =nGain (dB) = IncidentdTransmitteVVTlog20log20IncTransVVlog20log20IncTransVVTransmission Parameters高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高

41、頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20217878Port 1Port 2Vincident1Vrefiected1Vtransmitted2 fVfVSfVfVSfVfVSfVfVSincidentreflectedincidentdtransmitteincidentdtransmitteincidentreflected2222211212211111 2-port S Parameters高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHw

42、a, Jang8/4/20217979DUTa1b1b2a2=0IncidentTransmittedReflectedS11S21011112ReaabIncidentflectedS012212aabIncidentdTransmitteSZ0LoadDUTb1b2a2IncidentTransmittedReflectedS22S12022221ReaabIncidentflectedS021121aabIncidentdTransmitteSa1=0ForwardReverseZ0LoadS Parameters高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All

43、 rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218080S-ParametersnS11 : forward reflection coefficient (Input Match)nS22 : reverse reflection coefficient (Output Match)nS21 : forward transmission coefficient (Gain or Loss)nS12 : reverse transmission coefficient (Isolation)高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務Al

44、l rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218181+R+jX-jX0LZ0LZConstant XConstant R0118010Smith Chart maps rectilinear impedance plane onto polar planeSmith Chart Review高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218282ShortOpenZ0Constant RInductanceCapacitanceSmith Chart

45、Review高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218383222111rVrrUUVr=0r=1/2r=1r=31-1-11Constant Resistance Circle高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/202184842222221211xrxVxrxrU222111xxVU r cancelUV0-11240.40.2-0.2-0.4-2-4+ Inducta

46、nce- CapacitanceConstance Reactance Circle高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218585UVr=0r=1/2r=1r=31-1-11240.40.2-0.2-0.4-2-4+ Inductance- CapacitanceReflection Coefficient Circuit高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/2021868

47、63D Modal ConstructionSet UnitsDefine LayersDefine Background MaterialsDefine FrequenciesDefine Boundary ConditionsSet PortsSolveMaterial PropertiesWaveguide portsDiscrete PortsPlane WaveMesh size、TimeFull Wave Simulation高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/202187

48、87CAD Model高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218888Port Excitation高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20218989H FieldE FieldPort Excitation高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219090E

49、FieldH FieldE/H-File Distribution高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219191Surface Current Distribution高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219292ABCEABCEDDImpedance Waveform高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights rese

50、rved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219393Cross Talk高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219494EMI Simulation高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219595What are models based on? SPICE model voltage/current/capacitance relationships of

51、 device nodes are calculated with detailed equations using device geometry, and properties of materials measured data is curve fitted for the equations IBIS (or behavioral) model current/voltage/time relationships of entire buffer are based on lookup tables (I/V and V/t curves) data tables are gener

52、ated from full SPICE model simulations or external measurements data may be curve fit to equations for more efficiency and flexibility高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務高頻電子接器電氣特性分析理論與實務All rights reserved by BenHwa, Jang8/4/20219696Model characteristics SPICE model simulates very slowly, because voltage/current rela

53、tionships are calculated from lower level data each device in the buffer modeled/simulated individually best for circuit designers too slow for system level interconnect design reveals process and circuit Intellectual Property IBIS (or behavioral) model simulates fastest, because voltage/current/time relationships are given only for the external nodes of the entire buffer no circuit detail involved useless