直接引语变间接引语及与宾语从句的区别

1、grammar (2)reported speech with tense changes直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句陈述句变为引导的宾语从句 1. he said, “you are younger than i ”. 2. he says, “tom is a good student ”. 3. she said, “i will come today.” he said that i was younger than him. he says that tom is a good student. she said that she wou

2、ld go that day.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时一般过去时时时, 从句的从句的_, _, _等要作出变化等要作出变化. 人称人称时态时态时间状语时间状语间接引语的结构：间接引语的结构： 主句主句 + 引导词引导词+ 从句从句一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 can may must will 谓语结构谓语结构he said , “i am afraid i cant finish my homework.”he said that he was afraid he couldnt

3、 finish his homework.he said , “i am doing my homework.”he said that he was dong his homework.she said , “i have not heard from him since may.”she said that she had not heard from him since may.一般现在时一般现在时- 一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时-过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时-过去完成时过去完成时时态时态, 人称变化人称变化:he said , “i was ill .”he s

4、aid that he had been ill .he said, “i had finished my homework before supper.”he said that he had finished his homework before supper.zhou lan said , “i will do it after class.”zhou lan said that she would do it after class.一般过去时一般过去时-过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时-过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时-过去将来时过去将来时如果主句的谓语动词是过去时

5、态，直接引语变为间接如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。引语时，从句的谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。时态变化的一般规则如下表：时态变化的一般规则如下表：直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 can may must will 一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时couldmighthad towould 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在

6、时或一般将来时，宾语 从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g. the teacher said that the moon moves around the sun. 注注 意：意：指示代词指示代词, 时间状语时间状语,地点状语和动词的变化地点状语和动词的变化she said , “i will come this morning.”she said she would go that morning.he said ,

7、“these books are mine.”he said , “it is 9 oclock now.”he said those books were his.he said it was 9 oclock then.he said , “i havent seen her today.”she said ,”i went there yesterday.”she said , “i will go there tomorrow.”he said he hadnt seen her that day.she said she had gone there the day before.s

8、he said she would go there the following / next day.he said , “my sister was here three days ago.”she said , “i will come here this evening.”he said his sister had been there three days before.she said she would go here that evening.直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语now todaytonightthis morning/ weektomorrow yesterd

9、aylast monthagothenthat daythat nightthat morning/ weekthe following day / the next daythe day beforethe month before before特殊疑问句特殊疑问句变为变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. he asked, “where do you live?” 2. “how can we get to the post-office?” he asked. he asked where i lived. he asked how they

10、could get to the post-office. 从句一定要保持陈述句句序从句一定要保持陈述句句序一般疑问句一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. she said, “ do you often come here to read newspaper? ”2. “will they go to visit the great wall?” he asked. she asked if (whether) i often came here to read newspaper. he asked if (whether) they would go vis

11、it the great wall. 1. “when will he come back?” tom asked. 2. “how can i get to the station?” mary asked her teacher.3. “where did you see the suspect ? ” detective lu asked.4. “where is tom?” they asked. tom asked when he would come back.mary asked her teacher how she could get to the station.detec

12、tive lu asked where i had seen the suspect.they asked where tom was. 将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :5. where do they stop on the way? i asked. 6. what will you speak at the meeting? tom asked me .7. do they like to make friends with us? he asked. 8. “ i am doing my homework.” he said. 9. “i will come back.”

13、 tom said. 10. “is he doing his homework?” jim asked. i asked where they stopped on the way.tom asked me what i would speak at the meeting.he asked if they liked to make friends with them. he said that he was doing his homework. tom said that he would come back. jim asked if he was doing his homewor

14、k. 1. the radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. the headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. i hear they _ (return) it already. 5. he said that they _ members of the party since 1948. (be)6. he asked what they _ at eight

15、last night. (do)7. the teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. i think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)9. i didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be). will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing10. i didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. miss wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. could you