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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 基于.NET的在线考试系统 信机 系 计算机科学与技术 专业学 号： 0921129 学生姓名： 施晨晨 指导教师： 李朝锋 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 基于.NET的在线考试系统 信机 系 计算机科学与技术 专业学 号： 0921129 学生姓名： 施晨晨 指导教师： 李朝锋 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2012年11月25日 课题来源导师指定互联网技术的应用深入到社会每个角落，小到网上购物，上网冲浪，大到国家安全，军事应用，可以说无处不用，学校教育方面亦是如此，如何方便考生考试，学校管理，也是计算机的研究方向之一。传统的考试步骤漫长而复杂，在线考试系统的出现改变了它的命运，是现代教育技术的一个实现，具有很大的现实意义。科学依据二十一世纪是信息时代，随着信息技术的高速发展，互联网正悄悄的走向我们，远程教育也将具有更强的生命力，从原来的传统教育渐渐的发展。其中在线考试系统就是一部分。目前的在线考试系统有很多，美国教育考试服务中心举办的美国研究生入学考试就是最有名气的一个例子。以前，大多数学校都采用传统的考试方式，每次考试都要人工出卷，考生考试，人工阅卷，成绩评估和试卷分析。它的每一过程，都增加了老师的大量工作，而且人工的方式会导致出错，为了效率的提高和提高考试质量，互联网在线考试的出现改变了她的命运。它可以借助遍布全球的Internet进行，考试在异地、本地都可以进行，而且是根据题库的内容即时生成。考生考试结束，计算机自动阅卷，把成绩直接送到数据库，大大提高了工作效率、考试效率，而且使考试更加规范，公平。 在线考试系统产生的背景是当今信息化的趋势和我国教育信息化的建设，目的是充分利用学校的计算机软件，硬件资源实现在线考试以避免传统考试的不足。然而在线考试系统实现的功能差异很大，存在的问题也很多，比如数据库的安全性，所以在线考试系统的研究开发任重道远。研究内容在线考试系统是基于网络技术的一种考试系统，管理员进行对试题数据库的增加，删除，修改，统计考生成绩等操作，然后学生自动抽题，完成考试，电脑自动评分。它主要有以下两种功能模块：1考生模块：考生登录后，可以进行试卷抽取和成绩查询的操作。2 管理员模块：（1）系统管理模块：管理员登入后可以修改密码，输入一个值后即可查询科目，对查询结果可以删除，修改，添加。（2）考生管理模块：管理员输入一个值后即可查询学生，然后可以对该条记录进行查看，删除，修改。（3）题库管理模块：管理员输入一个值后即可查询题库，然后可以对题库进行查看，删除，修改。（4）试卷管理模块：管理员输入一个值后即可查询试卷信息，查询出来的结果可以对该条记录进行查看，修改，删除。（5）成绩管理模块：管理员输入一个值即可查询考试成绩信息，查询出来的结果可以对该条记录进行查看，修改，删除。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析本系统服务器采用B/S（浏览器/服务器）体系结构，在小型局域网上进行测试，并且采用Visual Studio2005作为开发工具，以SQL Server2005为后台数据库。SQL Server2005具有强大的数据库管理和处理能力，且具有较高的安全性，所以才选择它作为服务器的后台数据库。动态网页的开发使用ASP.NET技术，并且采用面向对象语言C#来进行程序的编写，它提供了强大的应用程序开发能力，同时可以通过ADO组件提供的接口方便地访问数据库，而且此工具被大多数开发人员熟知。 在线考试系统还具有强大的可行性，具有实用性，经济性，扩充性。考试时每一次学生验证学习情况的一个最重要的环节，利用该软件可以对考试更加有效方便地管理，实用性很强。而且该软件涵盖了广大的用户的需求，数据处理方式比较灵活，同时能够自主的对系统中大多数内容进行修改删除，节省了老师学生的宝贵时间，提高了经济性。系统在分层，细化模块可以很好地解决将来系统扩充中不改变基本架构的同时增加的功能，充分的考虑到了扩充性。研究计划及预期成果2012年12月20日以前：填写毕业设计开题报告，并按开题报告条款进入毕业设计阶段2012年12月2012年1月：外文资料翻译，系统设计2013年2月：系统设计、编码2013年3月2012年4月：测试、验收，撰写毕业论文2013年5月：上交论文、系统代码、根据导师意见修改毕业论文并完善论文2013年6月2日4日，进行毕业答辩预期成果：每步安排都可以按时完美完成特色或创新之处本课题是基于.NET架构下的Asp和SQL Server 2005技术联合开发完成。1系统具有自动验卷功能，保证考生的真实性。2考生登录系统后，可以选择对应的试卷答题。答题完毕后，可以实时得到考试成绩。3管理员登录后，可以设定试卷的难度，分值，试题都是随机抽取。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已具备的条件：1已知用户的初步需求。2硬件方面有一台计算机。3软件方面已装有Asp.Net和SQL Server 2005 软件。4网络方面有数条数据线可用。尚需解决的问题：1如何提高数据库的安全性。2对于学生的错误答案，没有给以更好的说明和解释。3还没有研制出对于主观题目进行自动测试和自动评分。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文ASP.NET technologyASP.NET is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of coding. ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework, and when coding ASP.NET applications you have access to classes in the .NET Framework. You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime (CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic, C#, JScript.NET, and J#. These languages enable you to develop ASP.NET applications that benefit from the common language runtime, type safety, inheritance, and so on.The ASP.NET page and controls framework is a programming framework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render ASP.NET Web pages. ASP.NET Web pages can be requested from any browser or client device, and ASP.NET renders markup (such as HTML) to the requesting browser. As a rule, you can use the same page for multiple browsers, because ASP.NET renders the appropriate markup for the browser making the request. However, you can design your ASP.NET Web page to target a specific browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, and take advantage of the features of that browser. ASP.NET supports mobile controls for Web-enabled devices such as cellular phones, handheld computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). ASP.NET Web pages are completely object-oriented. Within ASP.NET Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties, methods, and events. The ASP.NET page framework removes the implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Web-based applications by presenting a unified model for responding to client events in code that runs at the server. The framework also automatically maintains the state of a page and the controls on that page during the page processing life cycle. The ASP.NET page and controls framework also enables you to encapsulate common UI functionality in easy-to-use, reusable controls. Controls are written once, can be used in many pages, and are integrated into the ASP.NET Web page that they are placed in during rendering.The ASP.NET page and controls framework also provides features to control the overall look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins. You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level. 1. Building ASP.NET Pages ASP.NET and the .NET Framework ASP.NET is part of Microsofts overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how ASP.NET fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your ASP.NET pages. The .NET Framework Class Library Imagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languagessuch as Visual Basic, JavaScript, and C+. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings. Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C+, the programming function is the same. Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same. Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldnt it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language? The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols. The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays. Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building ASP.NET pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your ASP.NET pages. Understanding Namespaces As you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces. ASP Classic Note In previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). ASP.NET, in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes! A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace. The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times. You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following: System.IO.File System.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class. NOTE You can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework. Standard ASP.NET Namespaces The classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your ASP.NET pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These default namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your ASP.NET applications: SystemContains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times. System.CollectionsContains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists. System.Collections.SpecializedContains classes that represent specialized collections such as linked lists and string collections. System.ConfigurationContains classes for working with configuration files (Web.config files). System.TextContains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings. System.Text.RegularExpressionsContains classes for performing regular expression match and replace operations. System.WebContains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses. System.Web.CachingContains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations. System.Web.SecurityContains classes for implementing authentication and authorization such as Forms and Passport authentication. System.Web.SessionStateContains classes for implementing session state. System.Web.UIContains the basic classes used in building the user interface of ASP.NET pages. System.Web.UI.HTMLControlsContains the classes for the HTML controls. System.Web.UI.WebControlsContains the classes for the Web controls. .NET Framework-Compatible Languages For purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your ASP.NET pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for ASP.NET pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create ASP.NET pages by using any language that supports the .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, JavaScript.NET, and the Managed Extensions to C+. NOTE The CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples. Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write ASP.NET pages using COBOL. Regardless of the language that you use to develop your ASP.NET pages, you need to understand that ASP.NET pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that ASP.NET pages can execute very quickly. The first time you request an ASP.NET page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary ASP.NET Files. For each and every ASP.NET page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary ASP.NET Files directory. Whenever you request the same ASP.NET page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed. When an ASP.NET page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language. An ASP.NET page isnt compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary ASP.NET Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed. The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your ASP.NET page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you. ASP CLASSIC NOTE What about VBScript? Before ASP.NET, VBScript was the most popular language for developing Active Server Pages. ASP.NET does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality of VBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic. Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance. If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, dont worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, youll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages. NOTE Microsoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) with the .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the ASP.NET classes in the Temporary ASP.NET Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code. This tool also works with all the ASP.NET controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll). Introducing ASP.NET Controls ASP.NET controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements. ASP.NET controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with ASP.NET controls. The best way to understand how ASP.NET controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page. Adding Application Logic to an ASP.NET Page The second building block of an ASP.NET page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events. If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the page that does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database. Controls are not the only things that can raise events. An ASP.NET page itself raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the pages Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs. 2. Building Forms with Web Server Controls Building Smart Forms You use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your ASP.NET pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls. Controlling Page Navigation In the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one ASP.NET page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control. Applying Formatting to Controls In the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls. 3. Performing Form Validation with Validation Controls Using Client-side Validation Traditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code. The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value in a required form field, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server. People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work. For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer. Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code. You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator. Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator Control You use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList. Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator Control You can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections. Comparing Values: The CompareValidator Control The CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control. Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary Control Imagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message. Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of a page, or wherever else you want. 4. Advanced Control Programming Working with View State By default, almost all ASP.NET controls retain the values of their properties between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are preserved. The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page. When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the pages view state between form posts. Displaying and Hiding Content Imagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example, imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers. Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions depending on a users preferences. Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a person views only one part of the tax form at a time. In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabled properties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page content. Using the Visible and Enabled Properties Every control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property that determines whether the control is rendered. When a controls Visible property has the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed for either pre-rendering or rendering. Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear ghosted, but it does not function. Disabling View State In certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual control or for an ASP.NET page as a whole. For example, you might have a control that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options). You might not want to load the data into the hidden _VIEWSTATE form field if you are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the page. Using Rich Controls In the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich controls in the ASP.NET framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads. 中文译文ASP.NET 技术ASP.NET 是一个统一的 Web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。ASP.NET 作为 .NET Framework 的一部分提供。当您编写 ASP.NET 应用程序的代码时，可以访问 .NET Framework 中的类。您可以使用与公共语言运行库 (CLR) 兼容的任何语言来编写应用程序的代码，这些语言包括 Microsoft Visual Basic、C#、JScript .NET 和 J#。使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行库、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的 ASP.NET 应用程序。ASP.NET 页和控件框架是一种编程框架，它在 Web 服务器上运行，可以动态地生成和呈现 ASP.NET 网页。可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求 ASP.NET 网页，ASP.NET 会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如 HTML）。通常，您可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页，因为 ASP.NET 会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。但是，您可以针对诸如 Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 的特定浏览器设计 ASP.NET 网页，并利用该浏览器的功能。ASP.NET 支持基于 Web 的设备（如移动电话、手持型计算机和个人数字助理 (PDA)）的移动控件。 ASP.NET 网页是完全面向对象的。在 ASP.NET 网页中，可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理 HTML 元素。ASP.NET 页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型，从而使您不必考虑基于 Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。该框架还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。使用 ASP.NET 页和控件框架还可以将常用的 UI 功能封装成易于使用且可重用的控件。控件只需编写一次，即可用于许多页并集成到 ASP.NET 网页中。这些控件在呈现期间放入 ASP.NET 网页中。ASP.NET 页和控件框架还提供各种功能，以便可以通过主题和外观来控制网站的整体外观和感觉。可以先定义主题和外观，然后在页面级或控件级应用这些主题和外观。1.构建ASP.NET 页面 (1)ASP.NET 和ASP.NET结构 ASP.NET 是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用的类，满足各种编程需要。 在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会ASP.NET 很适合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的ASP.NET 页面中使用语言。 (2).NET类库 假想你是微软。假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如Visual Basic 、JavaScript 和C+. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。举例来说，对于每一种语言，你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的方法。此外，这些语言包含相似的编程构造。每种语言,举例来说，都能够使用循环语句和条件语句。即使用Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与用C+ 写的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。 最后，大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。 以大多数的语言，你有设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。举例来说， 整型数据最大值和最小值可能依赖语言的种类，但是基本的数据类型是相同的。 对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。 为什么继续再创轮子? 对所有的语言创建这种功能一次，然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容易。 .NET类库不完全是那样。 它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。举例来说，.NET类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作，操作文本和生成图像。除此之外， 它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。 .NET framework，此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类，比如：字符串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。 最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的ASP.NET 页面的类。然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。 理解命名空间。正如你猜测的, .NET framework是庞大的。它包含数以千计的类。(超过 3,400) 幸运地，类不是简单的堆在一起。.NET framework的类被组织成有层次结构的命名空间。 ASP Classic Note 在先前的ASP中，你仅仅能够访问五个标准类 。相比之下ASP.NET 提供超过 3,400个类! 一个命名空间包含一组逻辑的类。举例来说，涉及到与文件系统协同工作的类就集合在System.IO 命名空间中。 命名空间被组织成一个层次结构(一棵逻辑树) 。树根就是SYSTEM 命名空间。这个命名空间包含基本的数据类型的所有的类,例如：字符串、数组，还包含提供随机数字和日期的类。 你通过完整的类的命名空间能唯一识别任何的类在.NET framework中的位置。举例来说,指定找到一个the File class 类，按如下操: System.IO.文件 System.IO指命名空间 ，而文件指定特定的类。 提示： 你能够浏览.NET Framework所有的标准类的命名空间。通过.NET Framework 的参考文档可以浏览类库。 标准的ASP.NET 命名空间 在默认情况下，在你的ASP.NET页面中，类被包含在一个选定的命名空间中这些默认的命名空间使你在ASP.NET中最常用到的。 System 命名空间- 包含所有的基本数据类型和其他有用的类，例如：那些关于产生随机数字和日期的类。 System.Collections命名空间- 包含的类是标准的集合类，例如：哈希表，数组列表。 System.Collections.Specialized 命名空间- 包含特殊的集合类，例如：连接列表和字符串集合。 System.Configuration 命名空间- 包括Web.config files类。 System.Text命名空间-包含编码，解码和操作字符串内容的类。 System.Text.RegularExpressions命名空间- 包含的是匹配正则表达式和替代操作类。 System.Web 命名空间-工作在万维网方面包含的是浏览器请求和服务器响应的类。 System.Web.Caching 命名空间- 包含页面缓冲内容和自定义缓冲操作的类。 System.Web.Security命名空间- 包含执行验证和授权，例如：窗体和密码验证的类。 System.Web.SessionState命名空间- 包含执行保存状态的类。 System.Web.UI命名空间- 包含构建ASP.NET 页面的用户接口的类。 System.Web.UI.HTMLControls命名空间- 包含HTML 控件的类。 System.Web.UI.WebControls命名空间- 包含Web控件的类。 .NET Framework -可用的语言 这一本书的目的, 你将会为以Visual Basic 作为你的编程语言来完成你的 ASP.NET 页写程序编写。它是ASP.NET 页面的默认语言。虽然你在这一本书中一直用Visual Basic, 但是，你也需要了解用其它的支持公共语言库的语言创建ASP.NET页面。除此之外，这包括C#, JavaScript.NET和C+ 。 提示 ：本书所含的光碟包含C# 源代码。 除微软之外的公司产生的几十个其他的语言已经能够和.NET framework兼容。这些其他的语言的一些例子包括Python、SmallTalk 、Eiffel和COBOL。这就意味着假如你真的想, 你可以使用COBOL 写ASP.NET 页面。 不管你使用什么语言开发ASP.NET 页面，你需要明白ASP.NET在执行前必须编译，这就意味着ASP.NET执行速度非常快。 你第一次请求ASP.NET 页面, 页面被编译成一个.NET类, 这个类文件被保存在一个特殊的目录下这个目录的名字叫Temporary ASP.NET Files。对于一个 ASP.NET页面一个通信类文件出现在Temporary ASP.NET Files目录下。以后不管任何时候你请求那个同样的ASP.NET页面，那个通信类文件就会执行。 当ASP.NET 页面被编译的时候，它没被直接地被编译成机器码而是被编译成了一个中间语言，名字叫 (MSIL)所有.NET可用的语言都被编译成这种中间语言。 一个ASP.NET 页面不会被编译成本地机器码直到它被一个浏览器访问，在那个时间点包含在Temporary ASP.NET Files目录下的类文件用JIT编译器编译并且执行。 这些迷惑的方面体现在整个过程都在后台运行，你必须要做的是用资源代码为你的ASP.NET页面创建一个文本文件。.NET framework 为你处理完转换它为编译码这一困难工作。 典型ASP提示 ：VBScript 怎么样呢? 在ASP.NET 之前，VBScript 是开发动态页面最流行的语言。 ASP.NET 不支持VBScript ，而且这是好消息。Visual Basic 是一个VBScript的超集,意味着Visual Basic 相对于VBScript有更多的功能。 因此, 你用Visual Basic 有更丰富的函数和语句供你使用。 此外，不像VBScript ，Visual Basic 是一种被编译的语言。这意味着如果你使用Visual Basic 重写相同的VBScript代码感觉会更容易一些。 假如你过去只用VBScript而不用Visual Basic，也不用担心。 因为VBScript如此接近Visual Basic, 你将会发现在这二种语言之间的转变是很容易的。 提示： 在.NET framework中，微软包括一个名叫 ILDisassembler的有趣的工具。在临时的ASP.NET文件目录中你能使用这个工具查看没有装配的ASP.NET 类的代码。它列出了类的所有方法和属性使你能够浏览中间代码。 正如在这章讨论的这个工具也可以用于操作ASP.NET控件。举例来说，你能使用ILDisassembler 浏览TextBox 控件的中间代码。(位于在一个叫做 System.Web.dll 的文件中) 介绍ASP.NET 控件 ASP.NET 控件为你的Web应用程序提供动态和交互的用户接口。这些控件能够使你的网站的使用者看见和交互。举例来说，你能使用控件建立HTML 窗体元素,交互式日历, 而且可以滚动标题广告。 ASP.NET 控件和HTML 内容共存。典型地，你用通常的HTML 创建你的网页的静态区域和用ASP.N
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