人教版高二英语选修七Unit3-Grammar精编版

1、Learning aims1.Revise the passive voice of v-ing.2.Master the forms and the functions.3.Be able to use freely in the exercises.Can you find the following sentence in the reading passage？ 1 I had already heard that George didnt like being kept waiting. 2 I could see a whale being attacked by a pack o

2、f about six other killers. 3 Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 4 I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.V-ing形式的被动式形式的被动式 Tom broke the window. （主动语态）（主动语态） The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态）（被动语态） 一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态表示句子的表示句子的主语为动作的发出者主语为动作的发出者，被动语态

3、被动语态表示句子的表示句子的主语为动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。Revision 二、什么时候用被动语态二、什么时候用被动语态 强调动作的承受者强调动作的承受者 不知道动作的发出者不知道动作的发出者 没有必要说出动作的发出者没有必要说出动作的发出者 He was punished by his father.He was punished by his father. He was told to have a short rest.He was told to have a short rest. This kind of change is called This kind of cha

4、nge is called chemical change.chemical change.(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done一、动词一、动词-ing被动形式的构成被动形式的构成-V-ing 一般时一般时和和一般时的被动形式一般时的被动形式; He hurried home,looking behind from time to time . 2)The building being repaired is our dormitory .- V-ing 的的完成时完成时和和完成时的被动形式完成时的被动

5、形式.1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldnt leave .3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .1一般式表示被动的动作正在进行或与一般式表示被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生。谓语动作同时发生。2.2.完成式表示被动的动作发生在谓语动作完成式表示被动的动作发生在谓语动作之前。之前。意义意义 1.V-ing形式作形式作主语主语,此时此时V-ing形式多表示一般或抽象形式多表示一般或抽象

6、的重复多次的行为。如的重复多次的行为。如: Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 例1: _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. For a walk D. Walk 解析解析动名词动名词作主语通常表示作主语通常表示习惯性习惯性,泛指泛指经常性的经常性的不具体的动作不具体的动作;而而不定式不定式作主语则表示作主语则表示

7、一次性一次性的、具体的动作的、具体的动作。题中的。题中的a good form又暗示又暗示考生考生,这个动作是泛指的、经常性的。这个动作是泛指的、经常性的。 玩火很危险。 _ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His

8、making Exercises3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D

9、. read; to understand动名词复合结构动名词复合结构是由是由形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词或或名名词所有格词所有格+ v-ing 构成构成,即动名词的逻辑主语即动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示：用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示：His coming late made the teacher angry.动名词复合结构在句中作主语动名词复合结构在句中作主语,宾语和表格宾语和表格,作主语和表语从句作主语和表语从句.l can hardly imagine peters/peter Sailing across the Atlantic ocean in f

10、ive days. _ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making Exercises2.作作表语表语(往往表示一种概念，习惯或经验，往往表示一种概念，习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容或说明主语的内容.) Te

11、aching is learning. 教学相长教学相长 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.makingnot being allowed 3.作作宾语宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。也可作介词的宾语。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我们会珍惜你的来信。我们会珍惜你的来信。 The bird escape

12、d _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.being caught joining being abandoned注意：注意： 在在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , inst

13、ead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等后只接等后只接V-ing形式作形式作宾语。宾语。Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. When he he

14、ard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prep

15、are; to do注意注意在在want，need，require，deserve等动词之等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。这些树需要浇水了。在在（be）worth后面只能用后面只能用动名词的主动态动名词的主动态来表示来表示被动意义。被动意义。H

16、is suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smok

17、e B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caugh

18、t D. to catch Exercises 4. 作定语作定语 The girl standing there is my sister.This is a piece of _ (surprise) news.The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired.surprising being discussed working5. 作状语作状语 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at th

19、e table , _ ( read ) China Daily ._ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse._ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .readingWorkingBeing asked 6. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now.

20、being discussedsinging7. 在绝大数情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句子的主语，在绝大数情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为种带逻辑主语的称为独立主格结构独立主格结构。独立主格独立主格，首先它是一个，首先它是一个“格格”，而不是一个，而不是一个“句子句子”，在英，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关

21、系。 The meeting being over, we all left theroom and drove home.会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。独立主格结构独立主格结构是由是由“主格人称代词或通格主格人称代词或通格+V-ing”构成构成.Time permitting, well go outing.如果时间允许,我们就去效游.独立格结构在句中作状语独立格结构在句中作状语, ,表示伴随表示伴随时间时间, ,条件条件, ,原原因因, ,让步让步, ,相当于状语从句或并列句相当于状语从句或并列句. .He hearing the news, tears of joy came into his eyes.As soon as he heard the news, tears of joy came into h