建筑施工专业名词(中英文对照解释)

1、A-frameA型骨架A-trussA型构架abrasion磨耗；磨蚀abrasive cut-off machine磨切机abrasive grinding machine磨机(火石机)abrasive particle磨粒absorption吸收abutment桥台；拱座abutting end邻接端acceleration加速acceleration lane加速车道acceleration pedal加速器踏板accelerator催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria接受准则access通路；通道access door检修门；通道门access lane进出路径

2、access panel检修门access point入口处；出入通道处access ramp入口坡道；斜通道access road通路；通道access shaft竖井通道access spiral loop螺旋式回旋通道access staircase通道楼梯access step上落踏板；出入踏板access tunnel隧道通道accessible roof可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶accessory附件；配件accident事故；意外accidental collapse意外坍塌accommodate装设；容纳accredited private laboratory认可私营实验室a

3、ccumulator储压器；蓄电池accuracy limit准确度极限acetylene cylinder乙炔气(风煤)樽acid plant酸洗设备；酸洗机acid pump酸液泵acid tank酸液缸acoustic couplant声耦合剂acoustic coupler声耦合器acoustic lining隔音板acoustic screen隔声屏acrylic paint丙烯漆料acrylic sheet丙烯胶片(阿加力胶片)active corrosion活性腐蚀active earth pressure主动土压力active oxidation活性氧化actual plot

4、ratio实际地积比率actuator促动器；唧筒；激发器adapt改装adaptor适配器；适配接头(万能苏)； 转接器；接合器addition增设；加建additional building works增补建筑工程additional horizontal force额外横向力additional plan增补图则additional vent加设通风口additive添加剂adhesive黏结剂；胶黏剂adhesive force附力adit入口；通路；坑道口adjacent construction相邻建造物adjacent level相邻水平adjacent site相邻地盘adja

5、cent street相邻街道adjoining area毗邻地区adjoining building毗邻建筑物adjoining land毗邻土地adjoining structure毗邻构筑物adjustable可调校adjuster调节器adjustment调校；调整admixture掺合剂；外加剂advance directional sign前置指路标志；方向预告标志advance earthworks前期土方工程advance warning sign前置警告标志advance works前期工程aeration灌气aeration tank曝气池aerial天线aerial ra

6、pid transit system架空快速运输系统aerial ropeway架空缆车系统aerial view鸟瞰图aerofoil翼型aerosol悬浮微粒；喷雾affix贴附aftercooler后冷却器afterfilter后过滤器agent作用剂；代理人aggregate骨料；集料；碎石aggregate area总面积aggregate grading骨料级配aggregate superficial area表面总面积aggregate usable floor space总实用楼面空间agitator搅拌器；搅动机air bleeding放气air blower鼓风机air

7、brake气压制动器air circuit空气回路air circuit breaker空气断路器air cleaner空气滤清器air compressor空气压缩机air compressor governor空气压缩机调压器air conditioning空气调节air cooled chiller风冷式冷冻机air cooler空气冷却器air cooling system空气冷却系统；风冷系统air coupling valve空气联接阀air curtain fan风帘风扇air cylinder气缸；气筒air damper风闸；气流调节器air distribution sys

8、tem配气系统air distributor空气分配器air dryer空气干燥器air duct通风管道；气槽air entrained cement加气水泥；伴水泥air entraining agent加气剂air exhaust排气口air filter空气滤器；风隔；隔尘网air filter chamber空气过滤室air flowmeter风量计；空气流量计air gap气隙air grill空气格栅air inlet进风口；进气孔air inlet louver进气百叶air inlet port进气口air intake进风口；进气孔；入气口air intake duct进风

9、槽air intake filter进气过滤器air isolating cock空气隔断旋塞air line breathing apparatus气喉型呼吸器具air line strainer进气管道隔滤器air outlet出风口air outlet grille空气出口栅格air particle空气粒子air passage风道air pipe/pipework通气管；送气管air piston空气活塞air pressure gauge气压表air pressure switch气压掣air pressurization system空气加压系统air receiver空气储存器

10、air reservoir储气缸air restrictor空气节流器air shuttle valve阻气阀air sprayer喷涂器air spring空气弹簧air strainer空气隔滤器；空气滤网air supply outlet供气出口air supply valve供气阀air tank空气箱air valve进出气阀；放气阀air valve pit进出气阀井；放气阀井air vent cock通风管旋塞air ventilator空气通风器air-operated damper气动风闸airshaft通风竖井airtight cover气密盖airy dry varnis

11、h风干清漆alarm警报；警报器alarm bell警钟alarm buzzer警报器alga水藻align对准；调直；定线alignment (road)路线；线向(特指道路中线的位置与方向)alignment plan (road)路线平面图alkali-silica reaction碱矽反应alkaline aggregate reaction碱性集料反应alkaline pump碱液泵alkaline tank碱液缸alkalinity碱度all-purpose road混合车道；综合车道alley巷allowable load容许载重；容许荷载allowable stress容许应力

12、alloy合金alloy steel bar合金钢筋条alluvial deposit冲积土层；冲积物alteration更改；改建；改动alternating current (a.c.)交流电alternative design替代设计alternative route替代路线alternator交流发电机aluminium tape铝带amber flashing light黄色闪灯ambient pressure周围压力ambient temperature环境温度；周围温度amendment修订amenities市容建筑；设施；康乐设施amenity area美化市容地带amenit

13、y railing美观栏杆ammeter电流表；安培计ampere (A)安培(电流量单位)amplification放大；增强amplitude幅；振幅anchor锚；锚竿支撑anchor bearing锚承；锚座anchor bolt锚栓anchor plate锚碇板anchorage锚碇；碇泊区；抛锚区；锚固anchorage length锚固长度anchoring strength锚固强度ancillary building附属建筑物ancillary facilities附属设施ancillary installation附带装置ancillary works附属工程angle cu

14、tter角铁切割机angle iron bracket角铁支架；角铁托架angle probe斜探头angular velocity角速度annunciation lamp警示灯annunciator传播器；呼唤器anode阳极anode voltage阳极电压antenna天线anti-corrosion paint防蚀漆anti-creep device防溜装置anti-lift roller防升滚轮anti-oxidizing paint抗氧化漆anti-rust paint防锈漆anti-skid chequer防滑格纹anti-skid device防滑装置anti-skid dre

15、ssing防滑钢沙anti-skid material防滑物料anti-slip防滑动；防空转；防打滑anti-static chain抗静电链anti-static tyre抗静电轮胎anti-stripping agent防剥剂anti-syphonage pipe反虹吸管anti-tip roller防倾侧滚轮anti-vibration mounting防震装置anti-vibration pad防震垫anvil铁砧aperture隙缝；孔口apex顶尖apparatus仪器；装置；器具；器材appliance用具；装置；设备applied covering外加覆盖物applied l

16、oad外施荷载approach进路；引道；接驳道路；引桥approach channel进港航道；引渠approach ramp引道坡approach road引道；进路approach speed来车速度approach taper楔形引道路段approach viaduct高架引道approved material经批准的物料approved plan经批准的图则appurtenance附属物apron跳板；护板；停机坪arc电弧arc contact电弧触点arc runner电弧滚环arc welding电弧焊接arch拱；弓形；拱门architect建筑师；则师architectur

17、al decoration建筑装饰architectural projection建筑上的伸出物area traffic control system区域交通控制系统argon arc welding氩气焊armature电枢arrangement排列；布置arresting assembly止动装置arterial highway干线道路arterial traffic干线交通article of agreement合约细则artificial lighting人工照明as-built drawing竣工图则as-constructed drawing竣工图则asbestos abateme

18、nt works石棉拆除工程asbestos cement石棉水泥asbestos gasket石棉垫片ash pit排渣槽；灰坑asphalt沥青asphalt distributor沥青喷洒机asphalt paver沥青摊铺机asphalt roofing沥青屋面asphaltic coating沥青涂层asphaltic concrete沥青混凝土aspirator吸气器assemblage组合物assembly装置；组合assessment评估associated works相关工程；相关设施at-grade pedestrian crossing地面行人过路处at-grade si

19、gnal controlled junction交通灯控制地面路口atmospheric distillation常压蒸馏atmospheric pressure大气压力；常压atmospheric temperature常温atomization air fan雾化空气风扇attachment附件；附属物attenuation衰减audible signal音响讯号audible warning音响警号authorities权限authority主管当局authorized officer获授权人员authorized person获授权人；认可人士；核准人士authorized works

20、获授权进行的工程；批准进行的工程automatic (spark) ignition device自动(火花)点火装置automatic control switch自动控制开关automatic operation自动操作automatic release自动脱扣automatic voltage regulator自动调压器automatic weather station自动气象站automation equipment自动化设备auxiliary control panel辅助掣板auxiliary equipment辅助设备auxiliary feedwater pump辅助给水泵a

21、uxiliary feedwater tank辅助给水箱auxiliary plant辅助厂房auxiliary system辅助系统auxiliary water pump辅助水泵average compressive stress平均压应力average strength平均强度axial fan轴流式风扇axial force轴向力axial load轴向载重；轴向荷载axial stress轴向应力axle bearing车轴轴承(车轴啤令)back-fire逆火back-up area后勤地区；辅助埸地backfill回填；回填土backfill material回填物料backgr

22、ound noise本底噪声；背景噪声backing plate垫板；背板baffle隔板；挡板baffle plate遮挡板baffle wall遮挡墙balance tank调节池；均衡槽balance weight平衡锤balanced load平衡载重balancer平冲器balancing pipeline平衡水管balcony露台ball bearing滚珠轴承ball valve浮球阀；球形阀；波阀ball-and-socket joint球窝接头ballast道碴bamboo scaffolding竹枝棚架band brake带式制动器band clamp带夹banshee a

23、larm尖啸警报bar铁枝；杆；巴(压力量单位)bar tendon钢筋barging area驳运地点barrack营房barrel管筒；芯管barrette方形桩barricade路障；障碍物barrier栏栅；护栏；障碍物；屏障barrier block路障barrier gate路闸barrier plate阻挡板base基座base course路面下层；承重层；路基层base frame基架base insulator基架绝缘器base plate底板；垫板base sealing底部密封胶base slab平底板base support底座支架baseline基线；底线；基准线b

24、aseline programme基线计划basement地库；地窖；地下室batching plant混凝土混和机；配料厂batter pile斜桩battery蓄电池battery acid level电池酸位battery cell volt蓄电池电压battery charger电池充电器battery electric locomotive电力机车battery electrolyte电池电解液battery-powered device电池推动装置beacon闪光指示灯bead焊珠beam横梁bearing支座；支承；承座；轴承(啤令)；方向角bearing capacity承载力

25、bearing force承重能力；承载能力bearing pad支承垫片；承重垫片bearing pile支承桩bearing pin支承栓钉bearing plate支承垫板bearing stress支承应力bearing surface支承面bedding底层；层理bedplate座板bedrock基层岩behaviour性能；状况Belisha beacon斑马线灯；黄波灯bellow pot气囊；气囊筒belt带；皮带belt conveyor带式输送机belt guard皮带护罩belt tension皮带拉力bend弯角；弯位；路弯；弯管bending force弯曲力bend

26、ing stress弯曲应力Benkelman beam test贝克曼梁试验bentonite膨润土；膨土岩berm channel斜水平台渠berth停泊处；碇泊位bevel斜角；斜面bias偏移bill of quantities工料清单binder黏合料bit钻头bitumen沥青bitumen coating沥青外搪层；沥青外衬bitumen felt沥青纸bitumen lining沥青内搪层；沥青衬里bituminous concrete沥青混凝土bituminous macadam沥青碎石bituminous waterproof membrane沥青防水膜blade剪刀；叶片

27、blank flange盲板法兰；盲板凸缘；管口盖板blanking plate封板blast-furnace鼓风炉blast-furnace slag cement炉渣水泥blasting爆石；爆破bleed nipple放气嘴；减压嘴bleed off pipe溢流管bleed screw放气螺钉；减压螺钉bleeding泌浆(混凝土)；泌水性(混凝土)blended cement混合水泥blending control混合控制blinding补路石砂；(填充表面孔隙的细石)block plan楼宇平面图blow down放水；放气blow down valve放泄阀；排水阀blower吹

28、风机；鼓风机bobbin绕线管bogie转向架boiler room锅炉房boiling point沸点bollard护柱；系船柱bollard light安全岛指示灯bollard plinth护柱柱基；护柱基座bolster承枕；横撑bolt螺栓bond黏结；黏合；契约bond coat黏合层bond strength黏合强度bond stress黏合应力boom吊杆booster pump增压泵booster pumping station增压抽水站booster transformer增压变压器booster water pump增压水泵；增压抽水机borated water stor

29、age tank含硼水贮存箱border link边境连接道路border terminus过境终站bore钻孔；内孔bored pile螺旋钻孔桩bored tunnel钻挖的隧道borehole log钻孔纪录boric acid硼酸boring钻探；冲孔boring machine钻探机；镗床borrow area采泥区；采料区bottleneck樽颈；狭窄段bottom heave底部隆bottom layer底层bottom plate底板boulder巨砾boundary分界线；界线box culvert盒形排水渠；盒形暗渠； 箱形暗渠；方形去水渠box girder箱形大梁bra

30、ce撑杆；支撑braced structure受横向支撑的结构bracing支撑bracing structure支撑结构bracket托架；支架braid编织电缆brake制动器brake horse power制动马力brake lining制动器摩擦衬片brake pedal刹车踏脚板brake system制动系统brake test制动器试验brake tester制动系统测试器braking distance制动距离；刹车距离branch circuit分支电路branch pipe/pipework支管；分支喉管brass gate valve黄铜闸阀brass wire bru

31、sh铜丝刷break pressure tank减压配水缸箱；水压调节池breaker轧碎机；碎石机；隔断器； 开关闸；断路器；保险掣breaking strength抗断强度breakthrough击穿breakwater防波堤breather通气孔；呼吸器breather valve通气阀breathing apparatus呼吸器具brick砖brick works砌砖工程brickwork砖块bridge桥梁bridge abutment桥台bridge crane桥式吊机bridge deck桥面板；桥板；桥面bridge girder桥大梁bridge pier桥墩bridgewo

32、rks桥梁工程bubble accumulator气泡贮存器bucket conveyor斗式输送机buckling压曲；压弯buckling load压曲临界荷载buffer缓冲；缓冲器；减震器buffer area缓冲地区build, operate and transfer (BOT) franchise建造、营运及移交专营权builders lift施工用升降机building楼宇；建筑物；大厦building area建筑面积building condition楼宇状况building construction建筑物建造；建筑营造building design建筑物设计；建筑设计bu

33、ilding envelope建筑物外壳building frontage屋宇前面building land屋地；屋宇建筑用地building material建筑物料building plan建筑图则building services屋宇设备；屋宇装building site屋宇建筑地盘；工地building works屋宇建筑工程；楼宇建筑工程bulk excavation works大型挖掘工程bulldozer推土机；铲泥车bump (road) 限速路面突块bumper缓冲器；防撞器；防撞杠bunch捆扎bund；田基；堤bund wall墙bunded area堤保护区buoyan

34、t force浮力burglar alarm system防盗警钟系统buried concrete埋入地下的混凝土burner燃烧器；炉头bursting爆裂bus interchange巴士转车处bus stop shelter巴士站上盖bus terminus巴士总站bus-bar导电条；母线(巴士巴)bus-coupler母线联接bush轴衬(杯士)butt fusion welding对头熔接butt welding对焊butterfly cock蝶形旋阀butterfly gate蝶形闸butterfly valve蝶形阀buttress支墩buzzer蜂音器；蜂鸣器by-pass

35、绕道；支路；支管；旁通管by-pass valve旁通阀cab小室；驾驶室cabinet小室；贮存柜cable电缆cable channel电缆沟；电缆槽cable conduit电缆管cable coupler电缆耦合器cable draw pit电缆沙井；铺缆井cable duct电缆管道cable gland电缆密封套cable joint电缆接头cable laying wagon电缆敷设车cable lead电缆引线cable route电缆路线cable supported viaduct悬索高架桥cable suspension bridge钢索吊桥cable trench电缆槽

36、cable trough电缆坑cable trunk电缆干线cable tunnel电缆隧道cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥cage机厢caisson沉箱caisson cap沉箱盖caisson foundation沉箱地基；沉箱基础caisson pier沉箱墩caisson pile沉箱桩caisson retaining wall沉箱挡土墙caisson wall沉箱墙calibration校准caliper measure测径calorie (cal)卡路里(热量单位)calorific value热值calorifier加热器cam突轮camber拱度candela (

37、cd)烛光(发光强度单位)canister respirator罐型防毒面具canopy檐篷cantilever悬臂cantilever beam悬臂梁cantilever bridge悬臂桥cantilever crane悬臂吊机cantilever footing悬臂基脚cantilever foundation悬臂地基cantilever support悬臂支架canvas帆布canvas belt帆布带cap帽；盖capacitance meter电容表capacitor电容器capacity容量；载客量capacity control valve容量控制阀capital works基

38、本建设工程；基建工程；carbon brush碳刷carbon pile碳柱carbon ring碳环carbon steel含碳钢carbon strip碳条carbonation碳化carbonation depth碳化深度carbonation process碳化过程carborundum金刚砂carburettor化油器；气化器cargo handling area货物装卸区carriageway行车道carriageway marking行车道标记carrying capacity运载量；载重量；承载能力cartridge子弹；弹药筒cartridge operated tool弹药

39、推动的工具cartridge type respirator滤罐型呼吸器；筒型防毒面具（猪咀）casing套管cast iron铸铁；生铁cast iron conductor铸铁导管cast iron pipe铸铁管(生铁管)cast-in anchorage浇注锚固cast-in-place灌注；现场浇筑cast-in-situ concrete unit现场浇筑混凝土构件casting basin预制件工场casualty team伤亡急救队cat ladder便梯；爬梯catalytic action催化作用catch挡片；制止器；扣掣；门扣catch fan扇形防护网架catch f

40、ence拦截围墙catch platform坠台catchment area集水区；引集范围catchpit排水井；集水坑；截流井catchwater channel集水槽catenary wire吊索cathode阴极cathode ray tube阴极射线管cathodic protection阴极保护catwalk跳板；轻便梯；轻便栈桥caulk堵缝caulking material填隙料causeway堤道caution sign警告标志cavern洞穴cavity中空部分；穴cavity wall空心墙ceiling天花板ceiling slab天花板ceiling suspensi

41、on hook天花吊cell电池cellular office分格式办公室cement水泥cement content水泥含量cement mortar水泥沙浆cement plaster水泥灰泥cement rendering水泥荡面cement sand mix水泥沙浆cementitious content水泥质成分centi (c)厘(百分之一)central divider中央分隔栏central dividing strip中央分隔带central line中线central median中央分隔带central power-driven machine中央动力机械central

42、profile barrier中央纵向护栏central reserve中央预留带central span中跨距centre lane中行车线centre line中心线centre line of street街道中心线centrifugal filter离心过滤器centrifugal force离心力centrifugal load离心荷载centrifugal pump离心泵centripetal force向心力ceramic tile瓷砖certificate证明书certificate of inspection检查证明书certificate of registration注册

43、证明书；登记证明书certification核证certified copy经核证文本certify核证cesspool污水池chain链chain block滑车吊链；链动滑轮(尖箔落)chainage丈量长度；里程距离chainlink fence扣环围栏；铁网围栏chamber小室；间隔chamfer去角(斜角)位；斜削change-over switch转换开关change-over valve转换阀channel沟渠；线糟；槽；渠道；频道channel cover槽盖channelization (traffic)(交通)导流channelizing island导行岛channel

44、izing line导行线characteristic strength特征强度chart datum海图基准面chart recorder图表记录器chasis车身底盘check查核check block挡块check joint止回接头check mechanism制动装置check plate垫板；挡板check rail护轮轨check screw止动螺钉check valve止回流阀chemical action化学作用chemical dosing化学剂量chemical grout化学灌浆chemical property化学特性chemical refuse化学垃圾chemic

45、al test化学测试chemicals化学品chequered plate网纹板chill plate冷却板chilled air fan冷风风扇chilled water pump冷冻水泵chiller冷冻机chiller plant致冷设备；制冷设备chimney烟沟；烟chimney coping烟囱盖顶chimney stack烟囱chippings碎屑；破片chisel凿chloride氯化物chloride content氯化物含量chloride diffusion氯化物扩散chloride extraction除氯chloride ion氯离子chloride ion con

46、tent氯离子含量chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated water加有氯气的水chlorinator加氯器chopper斩波器chunam灰泥土批荡chute溜槽；滑道chute槽管circuit电路；环道circuit breaker断路保险掣circular footing圆基脚circular road环回道路circulating water pump循环水泵circulation mode循环模式circumferential road环回道路civil works土木工程cladding骨架外墙；覆盖层cla

47、im声称；申索；索偿clamp夹钳claplock cable clamp拍扣式电缆线夹clay黏土clay field pipe瓦管cleaning eye清理孔cleaning rod清理棒cleansing洁净clear effective length净有效长度clear height净高clear opening净开口clear space净空间clear span净跨距clear width净阔度clearance相距空间；清折行动clearance gauge测隙规clearance space间隙空间cleat夹具clevisU形夹client委托人climb form tec

48、hnique提升模板技术climbing lane爬坡车道clip小夹close fitting cover紧合封盖close fittings紧合配件close-boarded platform密合封板平台closed area禁区closed circuit television (CCTV)闭路电视closed end不能通行的一端closed position闭合的位置closure封闭cloverleaf interchange四叶式交汇处；蝶式交汇处clutch离合器co-ordinator统筹人coal-tar epoxy环氧煤焦油coarse aggregate粗集料；粗骨料c

49、oarse screening粗筛coating保护层；涂层coating material涂盖物质cock旋塞；旋阀code of practice工作守则；操作守则code reader读码器coefficient系数coefficient of expansion膨胀系数coefficient of linear expansion线性膨胀系数cofferdam围堰坝cohesive force黏合力；凝聚力coil线圈；簧圈；盘管cold milling刨去路面旧沥青cold reduced steel wire冷轧钢丝cold solvent welding冷冻溶剂焊接cold st

50、orage冷藏库collapse坍塌collapsible cantilever platform可摺悬臂平台collapsible gate摺闸collar护圈；束套；套环collet套爪；筒夹colluvial deposit崩积土层colour code色码colour light signal颜色灯号coloured cement颜色水泥column柱column cap柱帽column footing柱基脚column frame柱架column head柱头combined dead load组合恒载combined effect混合效应combined footing联合基脚co

51、mbined load合并载重combustible goods可燃物品combustible material可燃烧物料combustion燃烧combustion chamber燃烧室commencement of operation开始操作commercial building商业建筑物commercial complex商场commercial land商业用地commercial use商业用途commissioning启用；投产；投入服务；开始使用；开始运作commitment承担common corridor公用走廊common part公用部分common use共同使用common waste pipe共用废水管communal facilities公用设施communication channel/link通讯渠道communication system通讯系统commutato