路虎发动机介绍

1、Range Rover Sport 动力总成 V8 自然吸气 / 机械增压 发动机 学员手册第8部分 第5 71页 由中汽南方蒋凤石翻译 Powertrain V8 Engines N/A and S/C Workbook section 8 Pages 5 71 目的 (动力传递部分) 注意：本课程与另外一门课程（Denso发动机管理系统）共同组成发动机部分 的完整介绍。 描述4.4 NA和4.2 SC发动机的结构特性 介绍各种发动机技术参数 按照路虎公司政策进行发动机维修 正确使用专用工具 Objectives (Powertrain) Note: this course is desig

2、ned to run along side the Denso Engine management training programme Describe the Features of the naturally aspirated 4.4 litre and the 4.2 litre supercharged engine Describe the technical specification for all engines Carry out engine repairs in line with Land Rovers Policy Use special tools correc

3、tly. 概述 Page 9 General Page 9 V8 汽油机汽油机 90 V型铝制缸体 铝制汽缸盖 每缸4气门 无垫片，挺杆直接作用 可变气门正时(VVT) 机械增压版上未安装 初级、次级链式驱动 铝制缸床 (阶梯型结构) 碎裂式连杆 两根V型驱动皮带 电控EGR (机械增压版未装) 引入机械增压 在Bridgend的发动机厂组装 Page 9 V8 Petrol Engine 90 Vee Aluminium cylinder block Aluminium cylinder heads - Four valves per cylinder Shim-less, tappet b

4、uckets Variable valve timing (VVT) not on supercharger Primary and secondary chain drives Aluminium bedplate (ladder frame) Fracture split connecting rods Twin multi-vee drive belts Electronic EGR (no EGR on supercharger) Supercharger introduced Built at the Bridgend engine plant. Page 9 Base Engine

5、 AJ-41 V8 NA 发动机是 AJ-33 V8 NA 的改良版 新型 AJ-41/43 V8 发动机将投放所 有市场 变更要点： 深式油底壳 修正FEAD(发动机驱动风扇) 排放标准达到欧4 US LEV II 修正EGR 15,000 英里机油保养 (欧洲), 7,500英里换机油 (美国) 无回油管路系统 修正冷却水出口控制(throttle to different side of vehicle) 无垫片 Base Engine AJ-41 V8 NA Engine is modified version of AJ-33 V8 NA The new AJ-41/43 V8 wi

6、ll be launched into all markets. Key V8 engine changes over the Jaguar version:- Deep Sump Revised FEAD (engine driven fan) Tail pipe emissions Europe Cylinder bore size is 86mm instead of 88mm Piston cooling jets are bolted into tapings into the main oil gallery directed at the underside of piston

7、crown. Four jets each have two nozzles. Tapings are left unmachined for 4.4L NA. Page 14 缸号缸号/发动机数据发动机数据 *SLHPT*CBBC* *22222211*KMKMK* 000823 0756 曲轴轴颈等级 曲轴曲柄销等级 缸镗等级 日期/时间 曲轴轴承孔 发动机数据 左侧 Page 15 Cylinder numbering/engine data *SLHPT*CBBC* *22222211*KMKMK* 000823 0756 Main crankshaft journal grades

8、Crankshaft pin Grades Cylinder bore GradesDate / time Main Crank bores Engine data left hand side Page 15 发动机数据发动机数据 3个位置个位置 发动机缸体上有两个 另外一个在发动机前盖上 如 0408232319AA 04 = 年 08 = 月份 23 = 日期 2319 = 时间 AA = 自然进气 SA = 机械增压 Engine Data 3 Locations Two locations on cylinder block One on engine front cover Exa

9、mple of coding 0408232319AA 04 = 2004 08 = August 23 = Day 2319 = Time AA = Naturally Aspirated SA = Supercharged 曲轴曲轴 活塞 铸造深式活塞 (压缩比 9.1:1)，活塞销22mm (NA发动机21mm) 活塞销固定卡簧和连杆小端轴承设计和4.4L NA 发动机一样 例如活塞销在飞溅润滑的铜套中浮动 和4.4L NA发动机一样镗缸有三个等级 可靠的油环（最底端的活塞环）控制 (4.4L NA发动机是相互分离的三活塞环设 计). 连杆 22mm的连杆销直径与4.4L NA发动机不同

10、； 将来会有两个连杆供应商，标记符号方面可能会有不同。 曲轴、曲轴轴承、连杆大头轴承 与NA发动机相同 (90.3mm行程) Page 16 Crankshaft Pistons Forged deep dish piston (CR 9.1:1) with 22mm pin diameter. (21mm for NA) Design of piston pin retention (circlips) and little-end bearing same as 4.4L NA i.e. floating pin in splash-fed bronze bush. Three grade

11、s as 4.4L NA. Solid oil control (bottom) ring (4.4L NA is three piece segmented). Con rods Different to 4.4L NA due to 22mm pin diameter. (Two rod suppliers in future transparent to service but some markings may differ). Crank, Main and Big-End Bearings, Same as NA engine (90.3 Stroke) Page 16 汽缸盖汽缸

12、盖 铸造、加工及组装 同 4.4L 自然进气式 包括阀座、气门导杆、凸轮轴盖及油堵头(Avdel Plugs) 注意：对于机械增压发动机，每个缸盖均需一个额外的油堵头以堵住未用的VVT 出油口。 气门、气门弹簧、气门琐销 同 4.4L 自然进气式 凸轮轴 不同的进、排凸轮轴，SC发动机气门叠开角度更小，对正时可采用相同的凸轮轴 固定工具。 Cylinder Heads Head Casting and Machining - RFI suppressor mounted at rear of B-Bank intercooler - Styling cover mountings long p

13、illar studs fitted to intercoolers - Purge system. Purge valve mounts to bracket on bell housing - NVH “stuffer” under cobra duct (Black T-shaped pad). - No EGR - Camshaft covers If a part / system hasnt been mentioned yet then it is common. These include; - Ignition system (Spark plugs and coils) -

14、 Engine mounting brackets and bolts - Chain drive cover - Lubrication system (sump, oil pickup, oil pump, dipstick and tube). Details / Commonalities 机械增压 Supplier-Eaton Model-M112-4H33 6F066 BA Performance gain approx 60KW (80HP) 0.8 bar inlet pressure (gauge) 1.8 bar absolute Page 37 Supercharging

15、 Supplier-Eaton Model-M112-4H33 6F066 BA Performance gain approx 60KW (80HP) 0.8 bar inlet pressure (gauge) 1.8 bar absolute Page 37 机械增压机械增压 发动机动力取决于可消耗的空气量 通常方法是靠大气压力提供发动机进气 如果空气在高压情况下进入汽缸就可以获得更多的进气量，这就是： 机械增压机械增压 Page 38 Supercharging Power of the engine depends upon mass of air it can consume No

16、rmal method allows atmosphere to force air into the engine If the air is forced into cylinders under pressure higher than atmospheric, a greater mass of air will enter the cylinder and the engine will be: Supercharged Page 38 中冷器中冷器 经过增压单元压缩后进气温度通常超过160 每侧都有单独的水冷空气散热器。这种近距离的小体积散热器有利于 减小“增压延迟现象”。 为获得

17、最大的冷却效果，中冷器冷却回路与发动机冷却水路是分开的 ( 中冷器冷却有自己的水泵，是独立的回路) 气流由上部大出口流出，分成A、B两部分支流，然后通过两个喉管再 进入各自的中冷器。 Intercoolers After compression in the supercharger unit, the intake air temperature often exceeds 160 degrees C. Separate air to water heat exchanger matrices for each bank. Close coupled small volume heat ex

18、changers minimise boost “lag”. Cooling circuit for intercoolers is separate to engine system for greatest cooling effect. (Separate pumped circuit) Airflow exits supercharger from one large port on top surface flow then diverges into A-bank and B-bank streams (“wing duct”) before entering each inter

19、cooler. 分解图 驱动齿轮 齿轮外科/油底壳 叶片 驱动皮带轮 支撑轴承 构造: 输入轴 Exploded View Gear drive Gear housing/sump Vanes Drive pulley Support bearing Construction: Input shaft 机械增压机械增压 Supercharger 机械增压 组成: 转子安装于钢轴上 轴在前部滚子轴承上运转（后部为滚针轴承） 螺旋齿被压向前部钢轴 螺旋齿轮由润滑油密封 (油池, 全合成润滑油) 不要进行维修 驱动皮带盘安装在钢轴上，与斜齿轮柔性耦合连接 Supercharger Assembly:

20、 The rotors are mounted on steel shafts The shafts run on bearings (needle roller rear) deep groove ball bearing front Helical gears are pressed onto the front of the steel shafts The helical gears are lubricated (oil bath, fully synthetic PTFE based) sealed for life DO NOT TOP UP IN SERVICE Drive p

21、ulley is mounted on the steel shaft and is connected to the driver helical gear via a torsion soft coupling 机械增压器 Supercharger 机械增压机械增压 中冷器 机械增压 节气门体 旁通阀 机械增压系统 Intercooler Supercharger Throttle body By-pass valve Supercharged System 中冷器 水冷 铝制结构 每侧一个 连接水管 来自机械增压 Page 39 Intercooler Water cooled Alum

22、inium construction 1 Per bank Water connections From supercharger Page 39 中冷器中冷器 散热片管路实现气液热交换 Intercoolers Fin and tube air-to-liquid heat exchangers 压力控制阀 进气 机械增压 压力控制阀 在机械增压上利用旁通空气控制压力 Pressure control valve Air intake Supercharger Pressure control valve By-passes air to control Pressure in superc

23、harger 压力控制阀 真空操作旁通阀（真空管在节气门体下游控制） 怠速及巡航条件下旁通阀全开提供最大的旁通进气量以获得最佳的燃油 经济性。 当节气门打开时旁通气阀逐渐关闭以减少旁通气流增加空气供给压力， 从而获得发动机的最佳动力输出。 Page 40 Pressure control valve Vacuum operated bypass valve. (Vacuum pipe downstream of throttle body to actuator unit). Idle and most cruise conditions the bypass valve is fully o

24、pen to provide maximum bypass and optimum fuel economy As the throttle opens the bypass valve progressively closes to reduce bypass flow and increase the pressure of the air supplied to the engine for optimum power output. Page 40 旁通阀旁通阀 旁通阀 真空阀 阀连接 Bypass valve Bypass valve Vacuum valve Valve linka

25、ge 压力控制阀 严禁在压力控制阀不连接的情况下 着车，否则将会导致严重的发动机 损坏 这是因为机械增压过热、疲劳 卡死，甚至达到疲劳极限 注意: 如果在维修过程中压力控制 阀损坏，会导致发动机运转时 机械增压严重的损坏 真空阀 Pressure control valve NEVER RUN the engine with the pressure control valve disconnected otherwise severe engine damage will result This will cause the supercharger to overheat and seiz

26、e, even if running was for a limited period Note: If pressure control valve fails in service serious damage is caused to the supercharger Vacuum valve 机械增压维修 密封部件-只能换件： 机械增压部件应该运转自由-没有明显受限 在发动机运转情况下不要执行以下操作： 拆除驱动皮带情况下检测机械增压 拆卸真空管 Supercharger Servicing Sealed component - REPLACEMENT ONLY: The superc

27、harger should be free running without noticeable restriction Do not conduct any of the following with the engine running Test supercharger with drive belt removed Disconnect vacuum pipes 机械增压诊断 扭转耦合: 1.拆除任节气门肘或机械增压出口 2.用手抑制转子的运动（不要使用工具） 3.无负载情况下用手旋转驱动皮带，原设计是大约30度 注意: 这种运动是正常的并且可消除怠速异响 Supercharger D

28、iagnostics Torsion coupling: 1.Remove either throttle elbow or supercharger outlet housing 2.Restrain rotor movement with hand (DO NOT use tools) 3.Rotate drive pulley by hand, approx 30 degrees total movement in unloaded condition is the design condition Note: This movement is normal and is require

29、d to eliminate idle speed gear chirp 机械增压诊断 Supercharger Diagnostics 机械增压诊断 外观检查： 转子具有明显磨损（磨光）是可以接受的 当磨掉特殊镀层 (允许保持转子和壳体最小间隙)时会看到磨光 的情况 严重划痕情况，例如转子上磨损可见铝制材料是不可接受的 (不要与磨光混淆) 严重的划痕可能导致外物进入机械增压 Supercharger Diagnostics General Visual examination: Evidence of polishing on the rotors is acceptable This oc

30、curs as a result of removal of high spots of special coating (this allows minimum clearance to be maintained between rotors and casing) Heavy scoring i.e. Aluminium base material becomes visible on rotors is not acceptable (do not confuse with polishing) Isolated or random heavy scoring is generally

31、 a result of foreign body ingress into the supercharger 可变气门正时可变气门正时 工作原理 油经过三角支架总成进入各个VVT执行器， 三角支架总成包括VVT电磁阀、油道及正 时链导向机构 发动机管理系统通过安装在三脚架 顶部的电磁阀来控制凸轮轴的提前 或滞后。 Page 45 Variable Valve timing Operating principal Oil is fed to the front of each VVT actuator via the spider bracket assembly which contains

32、 the VVT actuator solenoid, supply oil galleries and timing chain guide. Oil pressure advances and retards the camshaft timing which is controlled by the engine management system via a solenoid valve mounted in the top of the oil feed spider assembly. Page 45 可变气门正时可变气门正时 凸轮轴正时Camshaft timing: 依据发动机

33、转速、负载及油压进行调整 Page 46 Variable Valve timing Camshaft timing: dependant on engine speed, load and oil temperature. Page 46 SC 发动机需要对机油进行外部风冷，从冷却器供油回油到发动机油底壳前滤网 的油道 前部滤网包含一个温度调节装置，防止油温低于103 机滤机滤 Page 49 SC engine requires external air blast oil cooler. Pipe work to feed and return from this cooler plum

34、bs into the engine oil galleries in the oil filer housing on the front of the sump. This filter head contains a thermostatic valve which prevents oil flow below 103 degrees C oil temp. Oil Filter Head Page 49 冷却系统冷却系统 冷却系统 Page 53 Cooling Cooling Systems Page 53 S/C 冷却回路 用水冷却空气 此处连接使得层压器冷却 水路和发动机冷去水

35、路相 连，但在系统工作时两个 水路的冷却水是不互相传 热（流通）的。 通过BOSCH电子泵驱动， 通过塑料支架和销子安装 在散热器边侧 S/C Coolant Circuit Water charge air cooling Vortex connection to top hose, providing single point for fill/degas but remains thermally decoupled. Driven by Bosch electric pump, mounted to radiator end tank with push fit plastic bra

36、cket and pin. Service fill screw in brick feed T piece (deleted from bricks) S/C 冷却水管 加热管，快速接口发动机和防 火墙 无辅助加热选项 散热器到发动机有排气管 排水管由膨胀箱到快速接口再 到发动机 Coolant Hoses S/C Heater pipes, quick fit to bulkhead and engine No auxiliary heater option Bleed hose from radiator and engine. Drain hose from expansion tan

37、k, quick fit to engine. S/C 机油冷却器及管路 两个油冷却器并联，均来自发动机节温器出水口。 片装水冷器安装在底盘横梁上。冷却器上装有快速连接油管。 到冷却器的冷 却水从水管的两个T型连接处引出。 S/C Engine Oil Coolers and Pipes Two oil coolers in parallel, fed from engine thermostat port. Plate water oil cooler mounted off cross member, Oil hoses quick fitted to cooler stub pipes.

38、 Coolant fed from radiator return hose via double T, Velocity Head Scoop. S/C 机油冷却器及管路 空气冷却器安装在右翼子板后方，轮眉上方风口处。冷却器上装有油管的快 速接头。 S/C Engine Oil Coolers and Pipes Air blast oil cooler mounted in offside wing, with vented wheel arch liner. Fixings to bumper armature, and body mount, Oil hose quick fits t

39、o oil cooler, with single release tool supplied on pipes backwards (one per cooler) 前发动机辅助驱动皮带FEAD 初级初级FEAD皮带皮带 与4.4L NA相似。例如V型皮带驱动空调压缩机、动力转 向、水泵和发电机 L320的不同点在于这条皮带同时也带动动态反应泵，因 此皮带较长，且带有一个额外的堕伦。所以机械增压发 动机都标配动态反映泵，自然吸气发动机是选配。 次级次级FEAD皮带皮带 内外均有棱纹 ，与NA发动机上的风扇驱动的布置相同 ，但是向上部延展以驱动机械增压。 风扇驱动皮带盘为左侧螺纹，因为风扇旋转

40、方向相反。 塑料保护外壳有颜色代码。 Page 59 FEAD belt systems Primary FEAD belt Similar to 4.4L NA. I.e. poly-vee belt drives air conditioning, PAS, water pump and Alternator. Difference for L320 is that Dynamic response pump is added to this belt drive giving a longer belt length and additional idler. Dynamic respo

41、nse pump is fitted to all SC and optional on NA. Secondary FEAD belt Ribbed on both inner and outer. Same layout as fan drive on NA but extends upwards to drive nose of supercharger. Fan driver pulley has left hand thread because fan rotates opposite way. Colour coding of plastic protective cap. Page 59 感谢你的参与 发动机部分结束 动力总成 V8 自然吸气 / 机械增压 发动机 学员手册第8部分 第5 71页 由中汽南方蒋凤石翻译 V8 汽油机汽油机 90 V型铝制缸体 铝制汽缸盖 每缸4气门 无垫片，挺杆直接作用 可变气门正时(VVT) 机械增压版上未安装 初级、次级链式驱动 铝制缸床 (阶梯型结构) 碎裂式连杆 两根V型驱动皮带 电控EGR (机械增压版